Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) B is required for the normal transport of lipids in the plasma and exists in two forms [6]. ApoB-100 is the major apolipoprotein constituent of very low density (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). ApoB-48 is the major form of apoB in chylomicrons. ApoB-100-containing LDL are known to be atherogenic lipoproteins, and have a relatively long plasma residence time. In contrast, apoB-48-containing chylomicron remnants are not clearly atherogenic, and are removed from the plasma very rapidly. ApoB-100 and apoB-48 are encoded by the same gene on chromosome 2 [1,15]. ApoB-100 has a predicted MW of 512 Kd and is a ligand for the LDL receptor [7]. ApoB-48 is approximately half the size of apoB-100 and shares an identical amino terminus with apoB-100, however it lacks the carboxy-terminal domain of apoB-100 [19] which is necessary for LDL receptor binding [7]. The catabolism of apoB-48 is thought to be dependent largely on apoE [13].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrams JJ, Grundy SM, Ginsberg H (1981) Metabolism of plasma triglycerides in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in man. J Lipid Res 22: 307–22.
Abrams JJ, Grundy SM (1981) Cholesterol metabolism in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in man. J Lipid Res 22: 323–38.
Baum CL, Teng B, Davidson N (1990) Differential regulation of hepatic apolipoprotein gene expression and apoB-100 mRNA editing following alterations in hepatic lipogenesis. Clin Res 38: 482A.
Blackhart BD, Ludwig EM, Pierotti VR, et al. (1986) Structure of the human apolipoprotein B gene. J Biol Chem 261: 15364–15367.
Bostrom K, Lauer SJ, Poksay KS, Garcia Z, Taylor JM, Innerarity TL (1989) Apolipoprotein B48 RNA editing in chimeric apolipoprotein EB mRNA. J Biol Chem 264: 15701–15708.
Brewer HB,Jr, Gregg RE, Hoeg JM, Fojo SS (1988) Apolipoproteins and lipoproteins in human plasma: an overview. Clin Chem 34: B4–B8.
Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1986) A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 232: 34–47.
Chen SH, Li XX, Liao WS, Wu JH, Chan L (1990) RNA editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. Sequence specificity determined by in vitro coupled transcription editing. J Biol Chem 265: 6811–6816.
Chen SH, Habib G, Yang CY, et al. (1987)Apolipoprotein B-48 is the product of a messenger RNA with an organ-specific in-frame stop codon. Science 238: 363–366.
Davidson NO, Powell LM, Wallis SC, Scott J (1988) Thyroid hormone modulates the introduction of a stop codon in rat liver apolipoprotein B messenger RNA. J Biol Chem 263: 13482–13485.
Davies MS, Wallis SC, Driscoll DM, et al. (1989) Sequence requirements for ap-olipoprotein B RNA editing in transfected rat hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem 264: 13395–13398.
Davis RA, Boogaerts JR, Borchardt RA, Malone-McNeal M, Archambault- Schexnayder J (1985) Intrahepatic assembly of very low density lipoproteins. Varied synthetic response of individual apolipoproteins to fasting. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 14137–14144.
Gregg RE, Brewer HB, Jr (1988) The role of apolipoprotein E and lipoprotein receptors in modulating the in vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in humans. Clin Chem 34: B28–B32.
Heimberg M, Olubadewo JO, Wilcox HG (1985) Plasma lipoproteins and regulation of hepatic metabolism of fatty acids in altered thyroid states. Endocr Rev 6: 590–607.
Higuchi K, Monge JC, Lee N, et al. (1987) The human apoB-100 gene: apoB-100 is encoded by a single copy gene in the human genome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 144: 1332–1339.
Higuchi K, Hospattankar AV, Law SW, Meglin N, Cortright J, Brewer HB, Jr (1988) Human apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA: identification of two distinct apoB mRNAs, an mRNA with the apoB-100 sequence and an apoB mRNA containing a premature in-frame translational stop codon, in both liver and intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 1772–1776.
Hoeg JM, Sviridov DD, Tennyson GE, et al. (1987) Both apolipoproteins apoB- 100 and apoB-48 are synthesized by the human intestine. J Lipid Res 31: 1761–1769.
Hospattankar AV, Higuchi K, Law SW, Meglin N, Brewer HB, Jr (1987) Identification of a novel in-frame translational stop codon in human intestine apoB mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 148: 279–285.
Marcel YL, Innerarity TL, Spilman C, Mahley RW, Protter M, Milne RW (1987) Mapping of human apolipoprotein B antigenic determinants. Arteriosclerosis, 7: 166–175.
Powell LM, Wallis SC, Pease RJ, Edwards YH, Knott TJ, Scott J (1987) A novel form of tissue-specific RNA processing produces apolipoprotein-B48 in intestine. Cell 50: 831–840.
Smith HC, Kuo SR, Backus JW, Harris SG, Sparks CE, Sparks JD (1991) In vitro apolipoprotein B mRNA editing: Identification of a 27S editing complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 1489–1493.
Sparks CE, Rader DJ, Marsh JB (1983) Metabolism of two forms of apolipoprotein B of VLDL by rat liver. J Lipid Res 24: 156–166.
Tennyson GE, Sabatos CA, Higuchi K, Meglin N, Brewer HB, Jr (1989) Expression of apolipoprotein B mRNAs encoding higher- and lower-molecular weight isoproteins in rat liver and intestine. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 500–504.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rader, D.J., Patterson, A., Eggerman, T., Hoeg, J.M., Brewer, H.B. (1993). Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing: Modulation and Clinical Implications. In: Steinmetz, A., Schneider, J., Kaffarnik, H. (eds) Hormones in Lipoprotein Metabolism. Recent Developments in Lipid and Lipoprotein Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84855-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84855-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55995-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84855-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive