Skip to main content

The Procoagulant State in Sepsis: Experimental Models and New Modalities for Intervention

  • Chapter
Mediators of Sepsis

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 16))

  • 53 Accesses

Abstract

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome comprising derangements of inflammatory, hemodynamic, metabolic and coagulation systems. Sepsis is frequently complicated by irreversible shock, diffuse intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure (MOF), and despite of the availability of improved supportive measures in intensive care units, the mortality due to sepsis remains around 40–60% [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Harris RL, Musher DM, Bloom K, et al. (1987) Manifestations of sepsis. Arch Intern Med 147:1895

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hinshaw LB, Brackett DJ, Archer LT, Beller BK, Wilson MF (1983) Detection of the hyper-dynamic state of sepsis in the baboon during lethal E. Coli infusion. J Trauma 23:361–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Taylor FB, Chang Jr. A, Esmon CT, D’Angelo A, Vigano-D’Angelo S, Blick KE (1987) Protein C prevents the coagulopathic and lethal effects of Escherichia Coli infusion in the baboon. J Clin Invest 79:918–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Levi M, Ten Cate H, Bauer KA, et al. (1992) Pentoxifylline inhibits endotoxin-induced activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in a chimpanzee model of endotoxemia. (In press)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Van Deventer SJH, Buller HR, Ten Cate JW, Sturk A, Pauw W (1988) Endoxaemia: An early predictor of septicemia in febrile patients. The Lancet 1:605–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Brandtzaeg P, Kierulf P, Gaustad P, et al. (1989) Plasma endotoxin as a predictor of multiple organ failure and death in systemic meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis 159:195–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Michie HR, Manogue KR, Spriggs DR, et al. (1988) Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. New Eng J Med 318:1481–1486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Van Deventer SJH, Buller HR, Ten Cate JW, Aarden LA, Hack CE, Sturk A (1990) Experimental endotoxemia in humans: Analysis of cytokine release and coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement pathways. Blood 76:2520–2526

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Waage A, Halstensen A, Espevik T (1987) Association between tumor necrosis factor in serum and fatal outcome in patients with meningococcal disease. Lancet 1:355–357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hack CE, De Groot ER, Felt-Bersma RJF, et al. (1989) Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood 74:1704–1710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Waage A, Brandtzaeg P, Halstensen A, Kierulf P, Espevik T (1989) The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between inter-leukin-6, interleukin-1 and fatal outcome. J Exp Med 169:333–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fong Y, Tracey KJ, Moldawer LL (1989) Antibodies to cachectin/tumor necrosis factor reduce in-terleukin 1ß and interleukin 6 appearance during lethal bacteremia. J Exp Med 170:1627–1633

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Beutler B, Milsark IW, Cerami AC (1985) Passive immunization against cachectin/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin. Science 229:869–871

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Natanson C, Eichenholz PW, Danner RL, et al. (1989) Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor challenges in dogs simulate the cardiovascular profile of human septic shock. J Exp Med 169:823–832

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bauer KA, Ten Cate H, Barzegar S, Spriggs DR, Sherman ML, Rosenberg RD (1989) Tumor necrosis factor infusions have a procoagulant effect on the hemostatic mechanism of humans. Blood 74:165–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Van Der Poll T, Buller HR, Ten Cate H, et al. (1990) Activation of coagulation after administration of tumor necrosis factor to normal subjects. New Eng J Med 322:1622–1627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Altieri DC, Morrissey JH, Edgington TS (1988) Adhesive receptor Mac-1 coordinates the activation of factor X on stimulated cells of monocytic and myeloid differentiation: An alternative initiation of the coagulation protein cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:7462–7466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Osterud B, Flaegstad T (1983) Increased tissue thromboplastin activity in monocytes of patients with meningococcal infection: Related to unfavourable prognosis. Thromb Haemost 49:5–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. De Boer JP, Creasey AA, Chang A, et al. (1992) Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in baboons following infusion with lethal or sublethal dose of E. Coli. (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Taylor FB, Chang A, Ferrel G, et al. (1991) C4b-binding protein exacerbates the host response to Escherichia Coli. Blood 78:357–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Suffredini AF, Harpel PC, Parillo JE (1989) Promotion and subsequent inhibition of plasmino-gen activator after administration of intraveneous endotoxin to normal subjects. New Eng J Med 320:1165–1172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Van Der Poll T, Levi M, Buller HR, et al. (1991) Fibrinolytic response to tumor necrosis factor in healthy subjects. J Exp Med 174:729–732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ziegler EJ, Fisher CJ Jr., Sprung CL et al. (1991) Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. New Eng J Med 324:429–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tracey KJ, Fong Y, Hesse DG, et al. (1987) Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteremia. Nature: 330:662–664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hinshaw LB, TeKamp-Olson P, Chang AC, et al. (1990) Survival of primates in LD100 septic shock following therapy with antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). Circ Shock 30:279–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Strieter RM, Remick DG, Ward PA, et al. (1988) Cellular and molecular regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alfa production by pentoxifylline. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 155:1230–1236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Tighe D, Moss R, Hynd J, et al. (1988) Pentoxifylline reverses haemodynamic and histological changes associated with peritonitis in pigs. In: Mandell GL, Novick J Jr., et al. (eds): Pentoxifylline and leukocyte function. Somerville NJ, HRP Inc. pp 184–189

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zabel P, Wolter DT, Schonharting MM, Schade UF (1989) Oxpentifylline in endotoxemia. The Lancet 2:1474–1477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Levi M, Ten Cate H, Bauer KA, et al. (1991) Dose dependent endotoxin induced cytokine release and coagulation activation in chimpanzees. Thromb Haemostas 65:410 (Abs.)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Okusawa S, Gelfand JA, Ikejima T, Connolly RJ, Dinarello CA (1988) Interleukin-1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. J Clin Invest 81:1162–1172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hannum CH, Wilcox CJ, Arend WP, et al. (1990) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity of a human interleukin-1 inhibitor. Nature 343:336–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Eisenberg SP, Evans RJ, Arend WP, et al. (1990) Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Nature 343:341–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ohlsson K, Bjork P, Bergenfeldt M, Hageman R, Thompson RC (1990) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces mortality from endotoxin shock. Nature 348:550–552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mant MJ, Gartner King E. (1979) Severe, acute disseminated intravascular coagulation. A reappraisal of its pathophysiology, clinical significance and therapy based on 47 patients. Am J Med 67:557–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Taylor FB Jr., Chang A, Ruf W, et al. (1991) Lethal E. Coli septic shock is prevented by blok-king tissue factor with monoclonal antibody. Circ Shock 33:127–134

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Levi M, Ten Cate H, Bauer KA, et al. (1990) Endotoxin induced tumor necrosis factor release and coagulation activation in vivo. Blood 76:1698 (Abs.)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Taylor FB Jr., Emerson TE Jr., Chang AK, Blick KE (1988) Antithrombin HI prevents the lethal effects of E. Coli infusion in baboons. Circ Shock 26:227–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Taylor FB Jr., Chang ACK, Peer GT, et al. (1991) DEGR-Factor Xa blocks disseminated intravascular coagulation initiated by Escherichia coli without preventing shock or organ damage. Blood 78:364–368

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Biemond, B.J., Levi, M., van Deventer, S.J.H. (1992). The Procoagulant State in Sepsis: Experimental Models and New Modalities for Intervention. In: Lamy, M., Thijs, L.G. (eds) Mediators of Sepsis. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84827-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84827-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84829-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84827-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics