Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps pp 119–143Cite as

Ultramafic Rocks in the Pre-Mesozoic Basement of the Central and External Western Alps

  • Chapter

Abstract

Ultramafic rocks, usually accompanied by metagabbroic and or metabasaltic mafic rocks typically occur as small lenses of several to some tens of metres in thickness in many pre-Mesozoic basement units of the Central and external Western Alps. Some of these ultramafic-mafic rock suites can be followed along strike for several tens of kilometres. Mineral assemblages are mainly metamorphic with rare structural or mineralogical relics from the mantle or lower crustal stage. Depending on the grade of the Alpine metamorphism, these rocks are either serpentinites or olivine-schists with various hydrous or anhydrous Mg-Ca-Al-silicates, such as diopside, tremolite, chlorite, talc and opaque spinel. The marginal parts of these lenses are often hydrothermally altered to talc-amphibole- and carbonate-rich rocks. When the ultramafic rocks are accompanied by former gabbros and basalts, an ophiolite-type oceanic origin can be inferred. Some ultramafics are related to larger masses of metagabbros, metadiorites or amphibole-rich gneisses which are interpreted as former calc-alkaline intrusions in the lower crust. In the case of the larger masses of pure ultramafic rocks, a mantle-wedge tectonically emplaced in the crust along large-scale shear zones seems to be the most likely explanation. From the regional point of view the external massifs and the Penninic Adula nappe contain by far the most occurrences of mafic-ultramafic rocks. As yet, only little is known about the age of most of these series, but many of them have ages in excess of 450 Ma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abrecht J (1980) Zur Bildung migmatitischer Schollenamphibolite aus dem Altkristallin des Aarmassivs. Geol Rundsch 69: 695–725

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abrecht J, Biino G, Mercolli I, Stille P (1991) Mafic-ultramafie rock-association in the Aar, Gotthard and Tavetsch Massifs (Helvetic domain, Central Switzerland): marker of a ophi. olitic pre-Variscan suture, reworked by polymetamorphic events? Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 71: 295–300

    Google Scholar 

  3. Artus F (1959) Über metamorphe Breccien basischer Gesteine im Granit des Bergeller Massivs. Hamb. Beitr. Miner. Kristallphys. Petrogen. 2: 1–39

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bearth P (1952) Geologie und Petrographie des Monte Rosa. Beitr Geol Karte Schweiz NF 96, 94 pp

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bearth P (1956) Zur Geologie der Wurzelzone östlich des Ossolatales. Eclogae Geol Helv 49: 267–278

    Google Scholar 

  6. Beccaluva L, Dal Piaz GV, Macciotta G, Zeda 0 (1978) The Austroalpine harzburgite body of the Artogna Valley ( Italian Western Alps ). Mem Ist Geol Mineral Univ Padova 33: 173–181

    Google Scholar 

  7. Benciolini L (1989) Discovery of an ultramafic slice in the Aus troalpine Mt. Emilius Klippe (Italian Western Alps): metamorphic evolution of the upper mantle involved in the alpine orogenesis. Terra Abstr 1: 308

    Google Scholar 

  8. Benciolini L (1989) Discovery of an ultramafic slice in the Aus troalpine Mt. Emilius Klippe (Italian Western Alps): metamorphic evolution of the upper mantle involved in the alpine orogenesis. Terra Abstr 1: 308

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bianchi A. Dal Piaz GB (1963) Gli inclusi dei “Micaschiste Eclo eititc” della zona Sesia-Lanzo nella formazione porfirica perrniana della zona del Canavese fra Biella e Oropa. G Geol 2 (31): 39–76

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bigi G, Consentino D, Parotto M, Sartori R, Scandone P (1990) Structural model of Italy, 1:500000, sheet 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Florence

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bigi G, Consentino D, Parotto M, Sartori R, Scandone P (1990) Structural model of Italy, 1:500000, sheet 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Florence

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bigi G, Consentino D, Parotto M, Sartori R, Scandone P (1990) Structural model of Italy, 1:500000, sheet 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Florence

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bigi G, Consentino D, Parotto M, Sartori R, Scandone P (1990) Structural model of Italy, 1:500000, sheet 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Florence

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bodin er JL (1988) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Lanzo peridotite body. Tectonophysics 149: 67–88

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bodin:er JL, Dupuy C, Dostal J, Carme F (1981) Geochemistry of cphiolites from the Chamrousse complex (Belledonne massif. Alps). Contrib Mineral Petrol 78: 379–388

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bonat:i E, Michael PJ (1989) Mantle peridotites from continental rifts to ocean basins to subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 91: 297–311

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bordet P (1961) Sur la géologie du massif de Belledonne (s. s.) C R Acad Sci Paris 252 (3): 434–436

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bordet P (1969) Notice de la carte géologique de la France a 1/500000, feuille de Domène (XXXIII-33). Bur Rech Geol Min Orléans, 13 pp

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bordet P (1972) Notice de la carte géologique de France a 1/50000, feuille de Vizille (XXXIII-35). Bur Rech Geol Min Orleans, 35 pp

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bordet P (1977) Notice de la carte géologique de France a 1/50000, feuille de StJean de Maurienne (XXXIV-34). Bur Rech Geol Min Orléans, 43 pp

    Google Scholar 

  21. Callegari E, Monese A (1961) Studio petrogenetico dei bordi di reazione metamorfico-metasomatici attorno a lenti ultrafem.che incluse nel granito di San Fedelino ( Sondrio ). Rend Soc Mineral Ital XVII: 147–192

    Google Scholar 

  22. Canepa M, Castellotto M, Cesare B, Martin S, Zaggia L (1990) The Austroalpine Mont Mary nappe ( Italian Western Alps ). Mean Ist Geol Mineral Univ Padova 42: 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  23. Carme F (1965) Sur deux formations, d’origine volcanique, des schistes cristallins anté-houillers de la chaine de Belledonne (Alpes françaises). C R Acad Sci Paris 260 (9): 6401–6404

    Google Scholar 

  24. Carme F (1972) Notice de la carte géologique de France 1/50000, feuille de Vizille (XXXIII-35). Bur Rech Geol Min Orléans, 35 pp

    Google Scholar 

  25. Carme F (1975) Le massif basique de Chamrousse et du Tabor (ch€:ine de Belledonne, Alpes occidentales): une variante originale de complexe alpinotype et un jalon majeur d’une ceintwre basique briovérienne. C R Acad Sci, Paris D 281: 223–226

    Google Scholar 

  26. Carme. F. Pin C (1987) Vue d’ensemble sur le magmatisme préorogenic et l’évolution métamorphique et tectonique varisque dans le sud de la chaîne de Belledonne (Massifs cristallins externes, Alpes françaises). C R Acad Sci Paris 304,11, 19: 1177–1180

    Google Scholar 

  27. Carte eéologique de la France 1:250000. Feuilles 25 (Thononles-Baains; 29 (Lyon); 30 (Annecy); 34 (Valence); 35 (Gap). BurRech Geol Min Orléans

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cesare B, Martin S, Zaggia L (1989) Mantle peridotites from the Austroalpine Mt. Mary nappe ( Western Alps ). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 69: 91–97

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chabloz O (1990) Etude géologique et pétrographique de la région de Carcoforo, Haute Val Sesia, Italie du nord. Diploma thesis, Univ Lausanne, 179 pp

    Google Scholar 

  30. Choubert G (1936) La serpentine du Tabor (extrémité sud du massif de Belledonne, Dauphiné) et les roches qui l’accompagnent. Tray Lab Géol Grenoble 18: 51–120

    Google Scholar 

  31. Church WR, Riccio L (1977) Fractionation trends in the Bay of Island ophiolite of Newfoundland: polycyclic cumulates sequences in ophiolites and their classification. Can J Earth Sci 14: 1156–1165

    Google Scholar 

  32. Codoni A (1981) Geologia e petrografia della regione del Pizzo Claro. Ph D Thesis, Univ Zürich 177 pp

    Google Scholar 

  33. Coleman R (1977) Ophiolites, ancient oceanique lithosphere. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  34. Colombi A (1983) Contribution à l’étude géologique de la région de Bosco Gurin (Ti). Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne Colombi A (1989) Métamorphisme et géochimie des roches mafiques des Alpes Ouest-centrales (géoprofil Viège-Domodossola-Locarno). Ph D Thesis, Mém Géol Lausanne 4, 195 pp

    Google Scholar 

  35. Colombi A, Pfeifer H-R (1986) Ferrogabbroic and basaltic meta-eclogites from the Antrona mafic-ultramafic complex and the Centovalli-Locarno region (Italy and southern Switzerland). First results. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 66: 99–110

    Google Scholar 

  36. Colombi A, Pfeifer H-R (1994) Premesozoic ophiolites from the Orselina zone, Southern Steep Belt of the Central Alps, W of Locarno, Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt (in prep)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Compagnoni R, Dal Piaz GV, Hunziker J, Gosso G, Lombardo B, Williams PF (1977) The Sesia-Lanzo zone, a slice of continental crust with alpine high pressure-low temperature metamorphism in the Western Italian Alps. Rend Soc Ital Mineral Pet 33: 281–334

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dal Piaz GV, Gosso G, Martinotti G (1971) La II zona dioritokinzigitica tra la Valsesia e la Valle d’Ayas (Alpi occidentali). Mem Soc Geol Ita110: 257–276

    Google Scholar 

  39. Dal Piaz GV, Vecchi GP, Hunziker JC (1977) The Austroalpine layerd gabbro of the Matterhorn and Mt. Collon-Dent de Bertol. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 57: 59–88

    Google Scholar 

  40. Denkel U (1954) Etude géologique et pétrographique de la pierre ollaire de Bonatchesse. Diploma thesis, Univ Genève Den Tex E (1950) Les roches basiques et ultrabasiques des Lacs Roberts et le Trias de Chamrousse ( Massif de Belledonne ). Leidse Geol Med XV: 1–204

    Google Scholar 

  41. Deutsch A (1979) Serpentinite und Rodingite der Cima Sgiu (NW Aduladecke, Ticino). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 59: 319–347

    Google Scholar 

  42. Dietrich VJ (1980) The distribution of ophiolites in the alps. Ofioliti Spec Issue 1: 7–51

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ernst WG (1978) Petrochemical study of lherzolitic rocks from the Alps. J Petrol 19: 341–392

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ernst WG (1981) Petrogenesis of eclogites and peridotites from the Western and Ligurian Alps. Am Mineral 66: 443–472 Ernst WG, Ottonello G (1984) Synthesis of trace element geochemistry for five western alpine lherzolites. Ofioliti 9: 425–442

    Google Scholar 

  45. Escher A (1988) Structure de la nappe du Grand St. Bernard entre le Val de Bagnes et les Mischabels. Rapp Géol Sery Hydro géol Nat Suisse 7, 26 pp

    Google Scholar 

  46. Evans B (1977) Metamorphism of alpine peridotite and serpentinite. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 5: 397–447

    Google Scholar 

  47. Evans B, Trommsdorff V (1970) Regional metamorphism of ultramafic rocks in the Central Alps: parageneses in the system

    Google Scholar 

  48. CaO- MgO- SiO2- H2O. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 50: 481–492

    Google Scholar 

  49. Evans B, Trommsdorff V (1974) Stability of enstatite+talc, and CO2-metasomatism of metaperidodite, Val d’Efra, Lepontine Alps. Am J Sci 274: 274–296

    Google Scholar 

  50. Evans BW, Trommsdorff V (1978) Petrogenesis of garnet Iherzolite, Cima di Gagnone, Lepontine Alps. Earth Planet Sci Lett 40: 333–348

    Google Scholar 

  51. Evans B, Trommsdorff V (1983) Fluorine hydroxyl titanian clinohumite in alpine recrystallized garnet peridotite: compositional controls and petrologic significance. Am J Sci 283A: 355–369

    Google Scholar 

  52. Evans BW, Trommsdorff V, Richter W (1979) Petrology of an eclogite-metarodingite suite at Cima di Gagnone, Ticino, Switzerland. Am Mineral 64: 15–31

    Google Scholar 

  53. Evans B, Trommsdorff V, Goles G (1981) Geochemistry of high grade eclogites and metarodingites from the Central Alps. Contrib Mineral Pet 76: 301–311

    Google Scholar 

  54. Faure Muret A (1955) Etudes géologiques sur le massif de l’Argentera-Mercantour et ses enveloppes sédimentaires. Mém Carte Géol Fr, 336 pp

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ferarra G, Hirt B, Jäger E, Niggli E (1962) Rb-Sr and U-Pb age determinations on the pegmatite of I Mondei (Val Antrona, Ossola, Italian Alps) and some gneisses from the neighbourhood. Eclogae Geol Helv 55: 443–450

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fischer W, Amosse J, Piboule M (1985) Caractérisation géochimique du complexe mafique et ultramafique de Chamrousse par détermination du spectre des planitoïdes. Abstr IIIrd EUG, Strasbourg. Terra Cognita 5: 277

    Google Scholar 

  57. Frey M, Trommsdorff V, Wenk E (1980) Excursion No. VI, Alpine metamorphism of the Central Alps. In: Trümpy R (ed) Geology of Switzerland. Part B. Geological excursions. Wepf, Basel, pp 310–316

    Google Scholar 

  58. Gansser A, Dal Vesco E (1962) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der alpinen Wurzelzone. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 42: 153 168

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gebauer D, Grünenfelder M, Tilton GR, Trommsdorff V, Schmid S (1992) The geodynamic evolution of the garnetperidotite/eclogite association of Alpe Arami and Cima di Gagnone (Central Alps) from early Proterozoic to oligocene Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 72: 107–111

    Google Scholar 

  60. Geologische Generalkarte der Schweiz 1:200000. Sheets 5 (Genève-Lausanne); 6 (Sion); 8 (Tessin). Kümmerly & Frey, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  61. Grauert B, Arnold A (1968) Deutung diskordanter Zirkonalter der Silvrettadecke und des Gotthardmassivs ( Schweizer Alpen ). Contrib Mineral Pet 20: 34–56

    Google Scholar 

  62. Greller M (1976) Zur Geologie des Moncucco-Camughera W

    Google Scholar 

  63. Domodossola. Diploma thesis, ETH Zürich, 133 pp

    Google Scholar 

  64. Hafner S (1958) Petrographie des südlichen Gotthardmassivs.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 38: 288–291

    Google Scholar 

  66. Halter W (1992) Etude géologique et pétrographique à l’est d’Alagna, Haute Val Sesia, Italie du nord. Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hansmann W (1981) Geologisch-petrographische Untersuchungen im südlichen Bergell. Diploma Thesis, ETHZürich, 150 pp

    Google Scholar 

  68. Heim A (1918) Der Talkbergbau von Disentis in Graubünden. Z prakt Geol 26: 2–11

    Google Scholar 

  69. Heinrich C (1982) Kyanite-eclogite to amphibolite facies evolution of hydrous mafic and pelitic rocks, Adula nappe, Central Alps. Contrib Mineral Petrol 81: 30–38

    Google Scholar 

  70. Heinrich C (1983) Die regionale Hochdruck-Metamorphose der Adula-Decke, Zentralalpen, Schweiz. Ph D Thesis 7282, ETH Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  71. Heinrich C (1986) Eclogite facies regional metamorphism of

    Google Scholar 

  72. hydrous mafic rocks in the Central Alpine Adula nappe. J Petrol 27: 123–154

    Google Scholar 

  73. Heitzmann P (1975) Metamorphose und Tektonik im südöstlichen Teil der lepontinischen Alpen. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 55: 467–522

    Google Scholar 

  74. Hoffmann F, Bühl H (1982) Überprüfung zweier schweizerischer Ultramafitit-Vorkommen zur Gewinnung von Olivinsand als Gie Be reiformstoff. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 62: 135–144

    Google Scholar 

  75. Hügi T, Ledermann H, Schläppi E (1988) Erläuterungen Geologischer Atals der Schweiz, 1:25000, Blatt 1268 Lötschental. Landeshydrologie u. -geologie. Kümmerly & Frey, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  76. Isler A, Zingg A (1974) Geologie der Sesia-Zone zwischen Rimella und der Valle Anzasca ( Norditalien ). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 51: 81–96

    Google Scholar 

  77. Jaquet O, Munger F (1984) Etude pétrographique d’une région comprise entre le Nanztal et le Saastal (VS). Etude géochimique des roches vertes de la zone supérieure de Stalden. Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  78. Kalsbeek F (1961) Petrology and structural geology of the Berlanche-Valloire area (Belledonne massif, France). Pub Dep Petrogr Miner Cyst, Univ Leyden 2, 5, 136 pp

    Google Scholar 

  79. Keusen HR (1972) Mineralogie und Petrographie des metamorphen Ultramafitit-Komplexes vom Geisspfad (Penninische Alpen). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 52: 385–478

    Google Scholar 

  80. Kobe H (1956) Geologisch-petrographische Untersuchungen in der Tessiner Wurzelzone zwischen Vergeletto-Onsernone und Valle Maggia. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 36: 83–236

    Google Scholar 

  81. Köppel V, Günthert A, Grünenfelder M (1981) Patterns of U-Pb zircon and monazite ages in polymetamorphic units of the Swiss Central Alps. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 61: 97–119

    Google Scholar 

  82. Labhart TP (1965) Petrographische Untersuchungen am Südrand des Aarmassivs. Beitr Geol Karte Schweiz N F 124, 80 pp

    Google Scholar 

  83. Labhart TP (1977) Aarmassiv und Gotthardmassiv. Sammlung

    Google Scholar 

  84. geologischer Führer. Borntraeger, Stuttgart, 173 pp

    Google Scholar 

  85. Laduron D (1976) L’antiforme de Vanzone. Ph D Thesis, Univ

    Google Scholar 

  86. Cathol Louvain, Belgium, 214 pp

    Google Scholar 

  87. Le Fort P (1973) Géologie du Haut Dauphiné cristallin (Alpes françaises). Etude pétrologique et structurale de la partie occidentale. Thèse Nancy et Sci Terre 25, 373 pp

    Google Scholar 

  88. Le Fort P (1976) Notice explicative de la carte géologique de la France a 1/50000, feuille de La Grave (XXXIV-35). Bur Rech Geol Min Orléans, 44 pp

    Google Scholar 

  89. Le Fort P, Pecher A (1971) Présentation d’un schéma structural du Haut Dauphiné cristallin. C R Acad Sci Paris 273: 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  90. Légendre 0 (1982) Minéralogie et géochimie des planitoïdes dans les chromitites ophiolitiques. Comparaison avec d’autres types de concentration en planitoïdes. Thèse, Univ Paris V I

    Google Scholar 

  91. Liègois JP, Duchesne JC (1981) The lac Cornu retrograded eclogites (Aiguilles Rouges Massif, Western Alps, France): evidence of crustal origin and metasomatic alteration. Lithos 14: 35–48

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lobrinus S, Béglé P (1985) Géologie et pétrographie du Val Loranco (Zone d’Antrona, Novara, Italie). Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne, 61 pp

    Google Scholar 

  93. Malaroda R, Carraro F, Dal Piaz GV, Franceschetti B, Sturani C, Zanella E (1970) Carta geologica del Massiccio dell’Argentera alla scala 1/50000. Note illustrative. Mem Soc Geol Ital vol IX, pp 557–663

    Google Scholar 

  94. Mannoni T, Pfeifer H-R, Serneels V (1987) Giacimenti et cave della peitra oliare nelli Alpi. Atti del convegno “La pietra oliare dalla preistoria all’ eta moderna”, Oct 1982, Museo Civico Archeologico “Giovo”. Edizioni New Press, Como, pp 7–46

    Google Scholar 

  95. Martinotti G, Hunziker J (1984) The Austroalpine system in the Western Alps: a review. Mem Soc Geol Hal 29: 233–250 Medaris LG, Carswell DA (1989) The petrogenesis of Mg-Cr garnet peridotites in European metamorphic belts. In: Carswell DA (ed) Eclogite facies rocks. Blackie, Glasgow, pp 260–290

    Google Scholar 

  96. Ménot RP (1979) Lithostratigraphie et pétrographie du groupe amphibolitique de Séchilienne et du massif ultrabasique et basique de Chamrousse (Massif de Belledonne, Alpes occidentales). Géol Alp 55: 93–110

    Google Scholar 

  97. Ménot RP (1987) Magmatismes paléozoïques et structuration carbonifère du massif de Belledonne (Alpes françaises). Contraintes nouvelles pour les schémas d’évolution de la chaïne varisque Ouest-Européenne. Thèse Université Lyon 1, 364 pp. Mem Doc Cent Armor. Etudes Struct Socles, Rennes, 1988, 21, 465 pp

    Google Scholar 

  98. Ménot RP (1988) The geology of the Belledonne massif: an overview (external crystalline massifs of the western Alps). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 68: 531–542

    Google Scholar 

  99. Ménot RP, Peucat JJ, Scarenzi D, Piboule M (1988a) 496 Ma age of plagiogranites in the Chamrousse ophiolite complex (External Cristalline Massifs in the French Alps): evidence of a Lower Paleozoic oceanization. Earth Planet Sci Lett 88 (1–2): 82–92

    Google Scholar 

  100. Ménot RP, Peucat JJ, Paquette JL (1988b) Les assoications magmatiques acides-basiques paleozoiques et les complexes leptyno-amphiboliques: les corrélations hasardeuses. Exemples du Massif de Belledonne (Alpes occidentales). Bull Soc Géol Fr 8/IV: 917–926

    Google Scholar 

  101. Merlyn M (1977) Structure et metamorphism du complexe Camughera-Moncucco entre la Valle Anzasca et le Val Brevettola (Prov. de Novara, Italie). PhD Thesis, Univ Cathol Louvain, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  102. Merz C (1985) Minéralogie et pétrographie de la région de

    Google Scholar 

  103. Valle di Campo/Maggia. Diploma Thesis Univ Lausanne Milnes AG (1974) Post nappe folding in the Western Lepontine

    Google Scholar 

  104. Alps. Eclogae Geol Hely 67: 333–348

    Google Scholar 

  105. Müller R (1976). Zur Geologie der Antrona-Mulde östlich von

    Google Scholar 

  106. Antronapiana. Diploma Thesis, Univ Zürich, 150 pp

    Google Scholar 

  107. Neuffer P (1990) Etude géologique et pétrographique de la Valle Arbedo (Tessin). Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  108. Nicolas A (1984) Lherzolites of the western Alps: a structural review. In: Kornprobst J (ed) Kimberlites, vol II. The mantle and crust-mantle relationships. Dev Petrol 11B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 333–345

    Google Scholar 

  109. Nicolas A (1989) Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 367 pp

    Google Scholar 

  110. Nicot E (1977) Les roches méso-et catazonales de la Valpelline (nappe de la Dent Blanche, Alpes Italiennes). 3th Cycle Thesis, Univ Paris V I

    Google Scholar 

  111. Niggli E (1944) Das westliche Tavetscher Zwischenmassiv und der angrenzende Nordrand des Gotthardmassivs. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 24: 58–301

    Google Scholar 

  112. Oberhänsli R, Abrecht J, Mercolli I, Schenker F (1988) Geological map of the Aar Massif. Univ Bern (unpubl )

    Google Scholar 

  113. Oberholzer W (1955) Geologie und Petrographie des westlichen Gotthardmassivs. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 35: 320–409

    Google Scholar 

  114. Parker RL (1921) Serpentin und Talk von Disentis-Surrhein. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 1: 7–43

    Google Scholar 

  115. Pécher A (1970) Etude pétrographique de la partie orientale du massif des Ecrins-Pelvoux. Le socle ancien. Thèse 3ème Cycle, Univ Grenoble, 122 pp

    Google Scholar 

  116. Pécher A, Barfety JC (1984) Notice de la carte géologique de la France a 1/50000, feuille de Saint Christophe en Oisans. Bur Rech Geol Min, Orléans. 64 pp

    Google Scholar 

  117. Pfeifer HR (1978) Hydrothermal alpine metamorphism in meta-peridotite rocks of the Cima di Gagnone zone, Valle Verzasca, Switzerland. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 58: 400–405

    Google Scholar 

  118. Pfeifer HR (1979) Fluid-Gesteins-Interaktion in metamorphen Ultramafititen der Zentralalpen. Ph D Thesis, ETH Zürich 6379, 200 pp

    Google Scholar 

  119. Pfeifer HR (1981) A model for fluids in metamorphosed ultramafic rocks. III. Mass transfer under amphibolite facies conditions in olivine-enstatite rocks of the Central Alps, Switzerland. Bull Minéral 104: 834–847

    Google Scholar 

  120. Pfeifer HR (1987) A model for fluids in metamorphosed ultramafic rocks. IV. Metasomatic veins in metaharzburgites of Cima di Gagnone, Valle Verzasca, Switzerland. In: Helgeson HC (ed) Chemical transport in metasomatic processes. Nato SI Ser, Reidel, Amsterdam, pp 591–632

    Google Scholar 

  121. Pfeifer HR (1989) Wenig bekannte Beispiele von ehemaliger Lavez-Ausbeutung in den südlichen Alpentälern. Minaria Helv 9: 8–54

    Google Scholar 

  122. Pfeifer HR (1989) Wenig bekannte Beispiele von ehemaliger Lavez-Ausbeutung in den südlichen Alpentälern. Minaria Helv 9: 8–54

    Google Scholar 

  123. Pfeifer HR, Serneels V (1986) Exploitation de la pierre ollaire au Tessin et régions voisines: aspects minéralogiques et miniers. Quad informazione. Dipartemento del ambiente, Cantone del Ticino 11: 147–228

    Google Scholar 

  124. Pfeifer HR, Colombi A, Kobe H, Schmid S (1990) Preliminary version of the geological map sheet 1312, Locarno, Landeshydrologie u. -geologie, Bern (unpubl)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Pfeifer HR, Colombi A, Ganguin J, Hunziker J, Oberhänsli R, Santini L (1991) Relics of high-pressure metamorphism in different lithologies of the central Alps, an updated inventory. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 71: 441–451

    Google Scholar 

  126. Pfeifer HR, von Raumer J (1993) Lherzolitic and pyroxenitic ultramafics from the Lac Cornu area (Aiguilles Rouges Massif, External Zone of the Alps, France). Abstr. Terra Nova Vol. 5, 1: 187–188

    Google Scholar 

  127. Pflugshaupt P (1927) Beiträge zur Petrographie des östlichen Aarmassivs. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 7: 321–378

    Google Scholar 

  128. Pin C, Carme F (1987) A Sm-Nd isotopic study of 500 Ma old oceanic crust in the Variscan belt of western Europe: the Chamrousse ophiolite complex, Western Alps ( France ). Contrib Mineral Petrol 96: 406–413

    Google Scholar 

  129. Pognante U, Compagnoni R, Gosso G (1980) Micro-mesostructural relationship in the continental eclogitic rocks of the Sesia-Lanzo zone ( Italian Western Alps ): A record of a subduction cycle. Rend Soc It Min Petr 36: 169–186

    Google Scholar 

  130. Pognante U, Rösli U, Toscani L (1985) Petrology of ultramafic and mafic rocks from the Lanzo peridotite body ( Western Alps ). Lithos 18: 201–214

    Google Scholar 

  131. Prato R (1971) Il settore centro-occidentale del massiccio del Gran Paradiso. Acc Sci Torino Atti 105: 453–467

    Google Scholar 

  132. Reinhardt B (1966) Geologie und Petrographie der Monte Rosa-Zone, der Sesia-Zone und des Canavese im Gebiet zwischen Vald’Ossola und Valle Loana (Prov. di Novara, Italien). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 42: 553–678

    Google Scholar 

  133. Rösli U, Hoernes S, Köppel V (1991) Isotope data of metarodingites and associated rocks from the Lanzo and the Bracco ophiolitic massifs: indications on the evolution of the alpino-type ultramafic-mafic complexes. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 71: 125–141

    Google Scholar 

  134. Rost F (1971) Probleme der Ultramafitite. Fortschr Mineral 48: 54–68

    Google Scholar 

  135. Rost F, Wannemacher J, Anton J (1979) Garnet ultramafitites in the Ivrea zone and other crystalline zones along the periadriatic lineament. Mem Ist Geol Mineral Univ Padova 33: 183–191

    Google Scholar 

  136. Santini L (1992) Geochemistry and geochronology of the basic rocks of the Penninic Nappes of the east central Alps (Switzerland). Ph D Thesis, Univ Lausanne 150 pp

    Google Scholar 

  137. Schaltegger U (1986) Voralpine und alpine Mineralbildung in der Gneiszone von Erstfeld (Sustenpass, Aarmassiv) der Mechanismus der K-Ar-und Rb-Sr-Verjüngung alpin umgewandelter Biotite. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 66: 395–412

    Google Scholar 

  138. Schenk K, Stille P (1989) Chemical and isotopical evidences for a 1 Ga old ophiolite sequence in the Penninic realm of the Alps. Ber. Deutsche Min. Ges. 1: 160

    Google Scholar 

  139. Schenk K, Stille P (1991) Geochemistry of mafic-ultramafic rock associations in the south-penninic nappes of the Central Swiss Alps: evidence for Proterozoic MORB. Terra 3: 476

    Google Scholar 

  140. Schenk K (1993) Geochemistry of mafic-ultramafic rock associations in the south-Penninic nappes of the Alps. Ph. D. thesis, ETH Zürich (in prep).

    Google Scholar 

  141. Schenker F, Abrecht J (1987) Prä-aargranitische Anatexis, variszische Kontaktmetamorphose und alpidische Regionalmetamorphose im Oberhasli (zentrales Aarmassiv, Schweiz ). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 67: 13–26

    Google Scholar 

  142. Schläpfer E (1979) Metamorphose und Strukturen der Cima Lunga-Serie. I V. Lago d’Efra-Val Gagnone. Diploma Thesis, ETH Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  143. Schmidt M (1989) Petrography and structural evolution of ophiolitic remnants in the Bellinzona Zone, southern steep belt, Central Alps (CH/I). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 69: 393–406

    Google Scholar 

  144. Schmutz HU (1976) Der Mafitit-Ultramafitit-Komplex zwischen Chiavenna und Val Bondasca (Provinz Sondrio, Italien; Kt. Graubünden, Schweiz). Beitr Geol Karte Schweiz, NF 149, 73 pp

    Google Scholar 

  145. Serneels V (1988) Les carrières de pierre ollaire de l’Alpe Sove- nat (Peccia, Valle Maggia, Ticino). Minaria Helv 8b: 3–16

    Google Scholar 

  146. Simic D (1992) Etude géologique et pétrographique du haut Val Mastallone, Italie du nord. Diploma Thesis, Univ Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  147. Stäuble J (1978) Metamorphose und Strukturen der Cima Lunga-Serie: I I Val d’Agro. Diploma thesis, ETH Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  148. Stille P (1980) On the genesis of the amphibolites and hornblendefelses in the Berisal complex. Mem Ist Geol Mineral Univ Padova 34: 205–246

    Google Scholar 

  149. Stille P (1987) Geochemische Aspekte der Krustenevolution im zentral-und südalpinen Raum. Habilitationsschrift, ETH Zürich, 127 pp

    Google Scholar 

  150. Stille P, Oberhänsli R (1987) Petrology and Alpine metamorphic evolution of metabasic and ultrabasic rocks in the Berisal crystalline complex. Lithos 20: 169–180

    Google Scholar 

  151. Stille P, Tatsumoto M (1985) Precambrian tholeiitic-dacitic rock-suites and Cambrian ultramafic rocks in the Penninic nappe system of the Alps: evidence from Sm-Nd isotopes and rare earth elements. Contrib Mineral Pet 89: 184–192

    Google Scholar 

  152. Stünitz H (1989) Partitioning of metamorphism and deformation in the boundary region of the “Seconda Zona DioriticoKinzigitica”, Sesia zone, Western Alps. Ph D Thesis 8817, ETH Zürich, 244 pp

    Google Scholar 

  153. Trommsdorff V (1983) Metamorphose magnesiumreicher Gesteine: Kritischer Vergleich von Natur, Experiment und thermodynamischer Datenbasis. Fortschr Mineral 61: 283–308

    Google Scholar 

  154. Trommsdorff V, Evans B (1974) Alpine metamorphism of peridotitic rocks. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 54: 333–354

    Google Scholar 

  155. Trommsdorff V, Evans B (1980 a) High grade rodingites from the Central Alps: metamorphism and geochemistry. Arch Sci 33: 181–184

    Google Scholar 

  156. Trommsdorff V, Evans B (1980b) Excursion to Alpe Albion (east of Bellinzona). Excurs. guide, Sympos. In: Bertrand J

    Google Scholar 

  157. Tectonic inclusions and associated rocks in serpen- tinites. Geneva, Sept 1979 Dept Mineral, Univ Geneve, 15 pp

    Google Scholar 

  158. Valenti G (1983) Geologia e petrografia della Zona di Bosco/Gurin (Ti). Diploma Thesis, ETH Zürich, 75 pp

    Google Scholar 

  159. Venturini G, Martinotti G, Hunziker J (1991) The protoliths of the “eclogitic micaschists in the Aosta Valley ( Sesia Lanzo; western Alps ). Mem Padova XLIII: 347–359

    Google Scholar 

  160. Venturini G, Martinotti G, Hunziker J (1991) The protoliths of the “eclogitic micaschists in the Aosta Valley ( Sesia Lanzo; western Alps ). Mem Padova XLIII: 347–359

    Google Scholar 

  161. Vielzeuf D, Kornprobst J (1984) Crustalsplitting and the emplacement of Pyrenean lherzolites and granulites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 67: 87–96

    Google Scholar 

  162. Wenk HR, Cornelius SB (1977) Geologischer Atlas der Schweiz I: 25 000, Blatt No. 1296 Sciora. Schweiz Geol Komm Bern

    Google Scholar 

  163. Wenk HR (1982) A geological history of Bergell granite and related rocks. In: Transformists petrology. Theophrastus publications, Athens, pp 113–148

    Google Scholar 

  164. Wetzel R (1972) Zur Petrographie und Mineralogie der FurggZone (Monte Rosa-Decke). Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 52: 161–236

    Google Scholar 

  165. Zingg A (1979) Metamorphose und Strukturen der Cima Lunga-Serie, I II. Val d’Efra, Diploma Thesis, ETH Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  166. Zingg MA (1989) Die Siviez-Mischabel-Decke: Entstehung und Entwicklung eines Altkristallins und seinen Vererzungen. PhD Thesis 8997, ETH Zürich, 170 pp

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. H. R. Pfeifer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Biino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. P. Ménot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. Stille
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Universität Pérolles, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    J. F. von Raumer

  2. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Heinrichstraße 26, A-8010, Graz, Austria

    Franz Neubauer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pfeifer, H.R., Biino, G., Ménot, R.P., Stille, P. (1993). Ultramafic Rocks in the Pre-Mesozoic Basement of the Central and External Western Alps. In: von Raumer, J.F., Neubauer, F. (eds) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84642-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84640-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation