Abstract
The Alpi Apuane is a well-known tectonic window in the Northern Apennines (Tuscany), in which a pre-Alpine lithostratigraphic sequence crops out widely and which appears to have been deeply affected, together with the Alpine cycle cover, by the Tertiary tectonometamorphic evolution of the Apenninic chain.
The authors illustrate the main lithological and structural features of these formations and discuss the relationships between the Apuan Variscan basement and the regional Variscan system of southern Europe.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albani R, Di Milia A, Minzoni N, Tongiorgi M (1985) Nuovi dati palinologici e considerazioni geologiche sull’età delle Arenarie di Solanas ( Cambro-Ordoviciano, Sardegna centrale). Soc Tosc Sci Nat Atti Mem Ser A 91: 1–20
Arthaud F (1963) Un exemple de tectoniques superposées dans le Paléozoique de l’Iglesiente (Sardaigne). Soc Geol Fr C R Comm 9: 303–304
Arthaud F (1970) Etude tectonique et microtectonique corn-parée de deux domains Hercyniens: les nappes de la Montagne Noire (France) et l’anticlinorium de l’Iglesiente (Sardaigne). Pub11 Sér Géol Struct USTLA, Montpellier
Bagnoli G, Tongiorgi M (1980) New fossiliferous Silurian (M. Corchia) and Devonian ( Monticiano) layers in the Tuscan Paleozoic. Soc Geol Ital Mem 20: 301–313
Barberi F, Giglia G (1966) La serte scistosa basale dell’autoctono delle Alpi Apuane. Soc Geol Ital Boll 84: 41–92
Barca S, Marini C (1980) Lineamenti litostratigrafici e sedimentologici del “Postgotlandiano” del Fluminese ( Sardegna SW ). Soc Geol Ital Mem 20: 203–216
Barca S, Del Rio M, Pittau Demelia P (1982a) Acritarcs in the “Arenarie di San Vito” of southeast Sardinia: stratigraphical and geological implications. Soc Geol Ital Boll 100: 369–375
Barca S, Cocozza T, Del Rio M, Pittau Demelia P (1982b) Discovery of Lower Ordovician acritarcs in the “Postgotlandiano” sequence of southwestern Sardinia (Italy): age and tectonic implications. Soc Geol Ital Boll 100: 377–392
Barca S, Carmignani L, Cocozza T, Franceschelli M, Ghezzo C, Memmi I, Minzoni N, Pertusati PC, Ricci CA (1985) The Caledonian events in Sardinia. In: Gee DG, Sturt BA (eds) The Caledonide orogen — Scandinavia and related area. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 1195–1199
Barca S, Cocozza T, Del Rio M, Pillola GL, Pittau Demelia P (1987) Datation de l’Ordovicien inférieur par Dictyonema flabelliforme et Acritarches dans la partie supérieure de la formation “Cambrienne” de Cabitza (SW de la Sardaigne, Italie): consequences geodinamiques. C R Acad Sci Paris 305: 1109–1113
Beccaluva L, Leone F, Maccioni L, Macciotta G (1981) Petrology and tectonic setting of the Paleozoic basic rocks from Iglesiente-Sulcis ( Sardinia, Italy). Neues Jahrb Miner Abh 140: 184–201
Bell TH, Rubenach MJ (1983) Sequential porphyroblast growth and crenulation cleavage development during progressive deformation. Tectonophysics 92: 171–194
Bonatti S (1938) Studio petrografico delle Alpi Apuane. Carta Geol Ital Mem Descr 26
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1973) Metamorphic evolution of the Austridic rocks of the Tauern window (Eastern Alps). Radiometric and geopetrological data. Soc Geol Ital Mem 12: 549–571
Borsi S, Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1980) New petrologic and radiometric data on the Ooetzal and Stubai orthogneisses ( Eastern Alps ). Neues Jahrb Miner Monatsh 2: 75–87
Bourrouihl R (1980) Orthoceratitico-rosso et Goniatiticorosso: facies marqueurs de la naissance et de l’evolution de paleomarges au Paleozoique. In: Farinacci A, Elmi S (eds) Rosso Ammonitico Symposium Proceedings. Edizioni Tectoscienza, Roma, pp 39–55
Calvino F (1961) Lineamenti strutturali del Sarrabus-Gerrei (Sardegna sud-orientale). Sery Geol Ital Boll 81: 489–556
Carmignani L, Giglia G (1979) Large scale reverse “drag folds” in the late Alpine building of the Apuane Alps ( Northern Apennines ). Soc Tosc Sci Nat Atti Mem Ser A 86: 109–125
Carmignani L, Giglia G (1983) Il problema della doppia vergenza sulle Alpi Apuane e la struttura di M. Corchia. Soc Geol Ital Boll 26: 515–525
Carmignani L, Giglia G (1984) “Autoctono Apuano” e Falda Toscana: sintesi dei dati e interpretazioni più recenti. In: Cento anni di geologia italiana. Vol Giub I Centenario Soc Geol Ital, pp 199–214
Carmignani L, Kligfield R (1990) Crustal extension in the Northern Apennines: the transition from compression to extension in the Alpi Apuane Core Complex. Tectonics 9: 1275–1303
Carmignani L, Rau A, Squarci P, Tongiorgi M, Vai GB (1977) Le successioni Paleozoico-Triassiche della Sardegna centrale e dell“Autoctono” apuano: analogie e possibili correlazioni. In: Vai GB (ed) Escursione in Sardegna 1977: risultati e corn-menti. Gruppo Lay Paleoz Boll 2: 11–14
Carmignani L, Giglia G, Kligfield R (1978) Structural evolution of the Apuane Alps: an example of continental margin deformation in the Northern Apennines, Italy. J Geol 86: 487–504
Carmignani L, Giglia G, Kligfield R (1980) Nuovi dati sulla zona di taglio ensialica delle Alpi Apuane. Soc Geol Ital Mem 21: 93–100
Carmignani L, Cocozza T, Gandin A, Pertusati PC (1982a) Lineamenti della geologia dell’Iglesiente-Sulcis. In: Soc Geol Ital (ed) — Guide Geologiche Regionali — Guida alla geologia del Paleozoico sardo. pp 55–77
Carmignani L, Cocozza T, Ghezzo C, Pertusati PC, Ricci CA (1982b) Guida alla geologia del Paleozoico Sardo. Guide Geologiche Regionali Soc Geol Ital Mem 24
Carmignani L, Cocozza T, Ghezzo C, Pertusati PC, Ricci CA (1986) Guide-book to the excursion on the Paleozoic basement of Sardinia. IGCP 5 Newsletter Spec Iss
Carmignani L, Gattiglio M, Kalin O, Meccheri M, Di Pisa A, Franceschelli M, Leoni L, Memmi I, Conti P, Vietti N (1987) Guida all’escursione sul Complesso Metamorfico delle Alpi Apuane. Summer School “Geologia e Petrologia dei Basamenti Cristallini” CNR/Univ Siena
Carmignani L, Cherchi A, Ricci CA (1989) Basement structure and Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of Sardinia. In: The lithosphere in Italy. Advances in Earth Sciences Research. Accad Naz Lincei 80: 63–92
Carmignani L, Barca S, Cappelli B, Di Pisa A, Gattiglio M, Oggiano G, Pertusati PC (1991) A tentative geodynamic model for the Hercynian basement of Sardinia. In: Cappelli B, Liotta D (eds) Geologia del basamento italiano Univ Siena 21–22/3/1991, pp 23–26
Carosi R, Gattiglio M (1989) Geotraverse B in Sardinia (SCF — Stratigraphie Correlation Form): new data on the Sardinian Paleozoic basement. In: Sassi FP, Zanferrari A (eds) PreVariscan and Variscan events in the Alpine-Mediterranean mountain belts: stratigraphie correlation forms. Soc Geol Ital Rend 12: 143–172
Carosi R, Elter FM, Gattiglio M, Oggiano G, Pertusati PC (1987) Some specification on pre-Caradocian volcanism in central Sardinia. IGCP 5 Newsletter 7: 27–29
Conti P, Gattiglio M, Meccheri M (1991) The overprint of the Alpine tectono-metamorphic evolution on the Hercynian orogen: an example from the Apuane Alps ( Northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonophysics 191: 335–346
Conti P, Di Pisa A, Gattiglio M, Meccheri M, Vietti N (1988) Nuovi dati sulle metabasiti della Valle del Giardino nel basamento paleozoico apuano ( Appennino settentrionale ). Soc Tosc Sci Nat Atti Mem Ser A 95: 89–103
Dal Piaz GV, von Raumer J, Sassi FP, Zanettin B, Zanferrari A (1975) Geological outline of the Italian Alps. In: Squyres C (ed) Geology of Italy. Earth Sci Soc Libyan Arab Rep, pp 299–375
Del Moro A, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1984) Acidic gneisses from Plan de Corones area, and chronological data on South-Alpine basement in Pusteria ( Eastern Alps ). Sci Geol Mem Padova 36: 403–412
Di Pisa A, Franceschelli M, Leoni L, Meccheri M (1985) Regional variations of the metamorphic temperature across the Tuscanid 1 Unit and its implications on the Alpine metamorphism ( Apuan Alps, northern Tuscany ). Neues Jahrb Miner Abh 151: 197–211
Di Pisa A, Gattiglio M, Meccheri M (1988) Le unità metamorfiche di basso grado della Calabria (Unità di Bocchiglieroe Paleozoico di Stilo-Bivongi): considerazioni strutturali e analogie con l’Ercinico sardo e toscano. Soc Geol Ital Rend 11: 29–32
Di Pisa A, Gattiglio M, Oggiano G (1991) Some specifications on the pre-Hercynian basic magmatic activity in the Nappe Zone of Sardinia: evidence of two alkaline magmatic cycles. In: Cappelli B, Liotta D (eds) Geologia del basamento italiano. Univ Siena 21–22/3/1991, pp 148–149
Escher A, Watterson J (1974) Stretching fabrics, folds and crustal shortening. Tectonophysics 22: 223–231
Evensen NM, Hamilton PJ, O’Nions RK (1978) Rare earth abundances in chondritic meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42: 1199–1212
Flajs G, Schönlaub HP (1976) Die biostratigraphische Gliederung des Altpaläozoikums am Polster bei Eisenerz ( Nördliche Grauwackenzone, Österreich ). Verh Geol Bundesanst Wien, pp 257–303
Franzini M, Leoni L, Saitta M (1975) Revisione di una metodologia analitica per fluorescenza X, basata sulla correzione completa degli effetti di matrice. Soc Ital Mineral Petrol Rend 31: 365–378
Gattiglio M (1988) Confronti tra il basamento ercinico sardo e il basamento paleozoico delle Alpi Apuane. Tesi di Dottorato, University of Pisa
Gattiglio M, Meccheri M (1987) Preliminary considerations on the lithostratigraphic succession of the Apuane Alps Paleozoic basement (northern Tuscany, Italy). In: Sassi FP, Bourrouilh R (eds) IGCP 5 Newslett 7: 57–59
Gattiglio M, Meccheri M, Tongiorgi M (1989) Geotraverse B in central Italy (SCF–stratigraphic correlation form:) new data on the Tuscan Paleozoic basement. In: Sassi FP, Zanferrari A (eds) Pre-Variscan and Variscan events in the Alpine-Mediterranean mountain belts: stratigraphie correlation forms. Soc Geol Ital Rend 12: 247–257
Gianelli G, Puxeddu M (1980) An attempt at classifying the Tuscan Paleozoic: geochemical data. Soc Geol Ital Mem 20: 435–446
Gortani M (1933) Il Paleozoico delle Alpi Apuane. Rend Reg Accad Sci Ist Bologna Cl Sci Fis 37: 53–57
Günther K, Wallbrecher E (1979) Fabric patterns in the tectonic units of the Apuan Alps. In: Closs H, Roeder DH, Schmidt K (eds) Alps, Apennines, Hellenides. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp 267–271
Harland WB, Cox AV, Llewellin PG, Pickton CAG, Smith AG, Walters R (1985) Geological time scale. University Press, Cambridge, pp 131
Kretz R (1983) Symbols for rock-forming minerals. Am Mineral 68: 277–279
Laufeld S (1973) Ordovician Chitinozoa from Portixeddu, Sardinia. Soc Paleontol Ital Boll 12: 3–7
Leoni L, Saitta M (1976) X-ray fluorescence analysis of 29 trace elements in rock and mineral standards. Sol Ital Mineral Petrol Rend 32: 497–510
Maccagno AM (1965) Contributo alla conoscenza della fauna della Sardegna. Gli Echinodermi di Portixeddu. Nota 1. Ac-cad Sci Fis Mat Atti Napoli 5: 149–195
Memmi I, Barca S, Carmignani L, Cocozza T, Elter FM, Franceschelli M, Gattiglio M, Ghezzo C, Minzoni N, Naud G, Pertusati PC, Ricci CA (1983) Further geochemical data on the pre-Hercynian igneous activities of Sardinia and on their geodynamic significance. IGCP 5 Newsletter 5: 87–91
Meneghini G (1880) Nuovi fossili delle Alpi Apuane. Soc Tosc Sci Nat Atti Proc Verb II 14/11/1880 4
Meneghini G (1881) Ulteriori osservazioni sui Trilobiti di Sardegna e sui fossili paleozoici delle Alpi Apuane. Soc Tosc Sci Nat Atti Proc Verb II 8/5/18812
Miyashiro A, Shido F (1975) Tholeiitic and calc-alkalic series in relation to the behaviour of titanium, vanadium, chromium and nickel. Am J Sci 275: 265–277
Mostler H (1970) Struktureller Wandel and Ursachen der Faziesdifferenzierung an der Ordoviz/Silur-Grenze in der Nördlichen Grauwackenzone (Österreich). Festb Geol Inst 300-Jahrfeier Univ, Innsbr, pp 507–522
Naud G (1979) Les shales de Rio Canoni, formation-repère fossilifère de l’Ordovicien supérieur de la Sardaigne sud-orientale. Consequences stratigraphiques et structurales. Soc Geol Fr Bull XXI: 155–159
Peccerillo A, Poli G, Sassi FP, Zirpoli G, Mezzacasa G (1979) New data on the Upper Ordovician acid plutonism in the Eastern Alps. Neues Jahrb Miner Abh 137: 162–183
Poll JJK (1966) The geology of the Rosas-Terreseo area, Sulcis, South Sardinia. Leidse Geol Meded 35: 117–208
Poll JJK, Zwart HJ (1964) On the tectonics of the Sulcis area, South Sardinia. Leidse Geol Meded 43: 144–146
Purtscheller F, Sassi FP (1975) Some thought on the pre-Alpine metamorphic history of the Austridic basement of the Eastern Alps. Tschermaks Mineral Petrogr Mitt 22: 175–199
Puxeddu M, Saupè F, Dechomets R, Gianelli G, Moine B (1984) Geochemistry and stratigraphie correlations - application to the investigation of geothermal and mineral resources of Tuscany, Italy. Chem Geol 43: 77–113
Ramsay DM (1979) Analysis of rotation of folds during progressive deformation. Geol Soc Am Bull 90: 732–738
Ramsay JG (1967) Folding and fracturing rocks. McGraw-Hill, New York
Ricci CA, Sabatini G (1978) Petrogenetic affinity and geodynamic significance of metabasic rocks from Sardinia, Corsica and Provence. Neues Jahrb Miner Monatsh 1: 23–38
Rhodes S, Gayer RA (1977) Non-cylindrical folds, linear structures in the X direction and mylonite structures developed during translation of the Caledonian Kalak Nappe Complex of Finnmark. Geol Mag 114: 329–408
Sanderson DJ (1974) The development of fold axes oblique to the regional trend. Tectonophysics 16: 55–70
Sassi FP, Zanferrari A (1972) II significato geologico del complesso del Turntale ( Pusteria), con particolare riguardo alla successione di eventi metamorfici prealpini nal basamento austridico delle Alpi Orientali. Soc Geol Ital Boll 91: 533–557
Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1965) Contributo alla conoscenza degli scisti cristallini del Comelico ( Cadore ). Mem Accad Patav SS LL AA 78: 35–72
Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1968) Il basamento cristallino di Recoaro: studio petrografico. Soc Geol Ital Mem 7: 227–245
Sassi FP, Zirpoli G (1980) Stato delle conoscenze sulla storia pre-ercinica delle Alpi Orientali. Soc Geol Ital Mem 20: 11–20
Sassi FP, Zanferrari A, Zirpoli G, Borsi S, Del Moro A (1974) The Austrides to the south of the Tauern window and the Periadriatic lineament between Mules and Mauthen. Neues Jahrb Geol Paleontol Monatsh 7: 421–434
Sassi FP, Schönlaub HP, Zanferrari A (1978) The pre-Variscan history of the Eastern Alps. Österr Akad Wiss 3: 261–277
Sassi FP, Zanferrari A, Zirpoli G (1980) Nuovi dati sulla stratigrafia e i caratteri chimico-petrografici dei porfiroidi del Comelico ( Alpi orientali ). Soc Geol Ital Mem 20: 425–434
Schmidt K, Söllner F (1982) Proposal for the geodynamic interpretation of the “Caledonian event” in central and southern Europe, with special reference to the Eastern Alps. IGCP 5 Newslett 4: 82–93
Seyler M (1983) Geologie de la partie centrale del Maures. Consequences sur l’evolution geodinamique du massif. Geol Fr 1: 81–96
Seyler M, Boucarut M (1979) Existence d’un paleovolcanisme alcalin et transitionel dans le massif hercynien del Maures (Var). Etude geochimique del amphibolites et resultats pre-liminaires concernant la chimie des leptynites. Soc Geol Fr Bull 21: 11–20
Shervais JW (1982) Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 59: 101–118
Söllner F, Schmidt K (1981) Rb/Sr-und U/Pb-Datierungen am Winnebach-Migmatit (Ötztaler Alpen, Österreich) (Abstr). Fortschr Mineral 59: 188 pp
Spalletta C, Vai GB, Venturini C (1982) La Catena Paleocarnica. In Guide Geologiche Regionali Guida alla — Geologia del Sudalpino centro-orientale. Soc Geol Ital, pp 281–292
Stille H (1939) Bemerkungen betreffend die “sardische” Faltung und den Ausdruck “ophiolithisch”. Z Dtsch Geol Ges 91: 771–773
Tongiorgi M, Bagnoli G (1981a) Geotraverse B in central Italy: SCF (stratigrafic correlation forms). IGCP 5 Newslett 3: 152–155
Tongiorgi M, Bagnoli G (1981b) Stratigraphie du socle paléozoique de la bordure continentale de l’Apennin septentrional ( Italie centrale ). Soc Geol Fr Bull 23: 319–323
Tongiorgi M, Albani R, Di Milia A (1984) The Solanas sandstones of central Sardinia: new paleontological data (acritarcs) and an attempt of geological interpretation (a “post-Sardinian” molasse?). Soc Geol Fr Bull 26: 665–680
Tucci P (1980) Le metamorfiti della “serie scistosa basale” del Monte Corchia (Alpi Apuane). Per Mineral 49: 57–148
Vai GB (1972) Evidence of Silurian in the Apuane Alps (Tuscany, Italy). G Geol 38: 349–372
Vai GB, Spalletta C (1982) Devonian Palaeo-Tethyan carbonate platform-basin system of the Southern Alps: evolutionary trend and comparative analysis. Terra Cognita 5: 109–115
Williams GD (1978) Rotation of contemporary folds into the X direction during overthrust processes in Laksefjord, Finnmark. Tectonophysics 48: 29–40
Zaccagna D (1932) Descrizione geologica delle Alpi Apuane. Carta Geol Ital Mem Descr 25: 440 pp
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Conti, P., Di Pisa, A., Gattiglio, M., Meccheri, M. (1993). The Pre-Alpine Basement in the Alpi Apuane (Northern Apennines, Italy). In: von Raumer, J.F., Neubauer, F. (eds) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84642-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84640-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive