Abstract
Rice agriculture has long been recognized as a major source of methane (CH4). Global budgets of methane have generally included emissions of about 100 Tg/yr (Tg = Teragrams, 1012 grams) from rice agriculture (with a range of 50–300 Tg/yr), constituting about 20% of emissions from all sources (range 14%–40%) (Ehhalt and Schmidt, 1978; Donahue, 1979; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1983; Blake, 1984; Bolle et al., 1986; Bingemer and Crutzen, 1987; Cicerone and Oremland, 1988; Warneck, 1988; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1990). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 1990) estimates a source of 60 Tg/yr (range 20–150 Tg/yr).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aselmann, I., P.J. Crutzen. 1989. Global distribution of natural freshwater wetlands and rice paddies, their net primary productivity, seasonality and possible wetland emissions. J. of Atmos. Chem., 8: 307–358.
Bachelet, D., H.U. Neue. 1993. Methane emissions from wetland rice areas of Asia. Chemosphere, 26 (1–4): 219–238.
Bansil, P.C. 1984. Agricultural Statistics in India, A Guide. Third Rev. Edition. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
Bingemer, H.G., P.J. Crutzen. 1987. The production of methane from solid wastes. J. Geophys. Res., 92:2, 181–2, 187.
Blake, D.R. 1984. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric methane. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of California at Irvine.
Bolle, H.-J., W. Seiler, B. Bolin. 1986. Other greenhouse gases and aerosols. In: The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change and Ecosystems (SCOPE 29), Chapter 4 (J. Wiley and Sons, N.Y., 1986), 157–198.
Chen, Z., L. Debo, K. Shao, B. Wang. 1993. Features of CH4 emission from rice paddy fields in Beijing and Nanjing, China. Chemosphere, 26 (1–4): 239–246.
China Agriculture Yearbook 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989. Agribookstore, Hampton, VA.
Cicerone, R.J., J.D. Shetter. 1981. Sources of atmospheric methane: measurements in rice paddies and a discussion. J. Geophys. Res., 86 (C8):7, 203–7, 209.
Cicerone, R.J., R.S. Oremland. 1988. Biogeochemical aspects of atmospheric methane. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2: 299–327.
Cicerone, R.J., J.D. Shetter, C.C. Delwiche. 1983. Seasonal variation of methane flux from a California rice paddy. J. Geophys. Res., 88 (C15):11, 022–11, 024.
Cicerone, R.J., C.C. Delwiche, S.C. Tyler, P.R. Zimmerman. 1992. Methane emissions from California rice paddies with varied treatments. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 6 (3): 233–248.
Dai, Aiguo. 1988. CH4 Emission rates from rice paddies in HangZhou China during fall of 1987. M.S. Thesis, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, P.R.C.
De Datta, Surajit K. 1975. Upland rice around the world. In: Major Research in Upland Rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Donahue, T.M. 1979. The atmospheric methane budget. In: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Atmospheric Ozone: Its Variation and Human Influences ( A.C. Aikin, ed.), U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington D.C.
Ehhalt, D., U. Schmidt. 1978. Sources and sinks of atmospheric methane. PAGEOPH, 116: 45–2464.
Grist, D.H. 1986. Rice. Longman, Inc., New York, U.S.A. 6th Edition.
Harris, R.C., D.I. Sebacher, F.P. Day, Jr. 1982. Methane flux in the Great Dismal Swamp. Nature, 297: 673–674.
Huke, R.E. 1982. Rice Area by Type of Culture: South, Southeast, and East Asia. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines. Holzapfel-Pschorn, A., R. Conrad, W. Seiler. 1985. Production, oxidation and emission of methane in rice paddies. FEMS Micro. Ecol.,31:343–351.
Holzapfel-Pschorn, A., W. Seiler. 1986. Methane emission during a cultivation period from an Italian rice paddy. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D11):11, 803–11, 814.
IPCC. 1990. Climate Change, The IPCC Scientific Assessment (J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander, and S.K. Varney, eds. ), Cambridge University Press, G.B.
Keller, M., W.A. Kaplan, S.C. Wofsy. 1986. Emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 from tropical forest soils. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (D11): 11791–11802.
Khalil, M.A.K., R.A.Rasmussen. 1983. Sources, sinks and seasonal cycles of atmospheric methane. J. Geophys. Res., 88: 5131–5144.
Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen. 1990. Constraints on the global sources of methane and an analysis of recent budgets. Tellus, 42B: 229–236.
Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen. 1991. The global methane cycle. In: Proceedings of the Indo-US Workshop on Impact of Global Climatic Changes on Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity, New Delhi, India, Jan. 8–12, 1991.
Khalil, M.A.K., M.J. Shearer. 1993. Methane emissions from rice agriculture. Chemosphere (in press).
Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen, M.-X. Wang, L. Ren. 1990. Emissions of trace gases from Chinese rice fields and biogas generators: CH4, N2O, CO, CO2, chlorocarbons, and hydrocarbons. Chemosphere, 20 (1–2): 207–206.
Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen, M.-X. Wang, L. Ren. 1991. Methane emissions from rice fields in China. Environ. Sci. Tech., 25: 979–981.
Khalil, M.A.K., M.J. Shearer, R.A. Rasmussen. 1993. Methane sources in China: Historical and current emissions. Chemosphere, 26 (1–4): 127–142.
Matthews, E., I. Fung, J. Lerner. 1991. Methane emission from rice cultivation: geographic and seasonal distribution of cultivated areas and emissions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5 (1): 3–24.
Mitchell, B.R. 1980. European Historical Statistics, 2nd Rev. Ed. Facts on File, New York, U.S.A.
Mitchell, B.R. 1982. International Historical Statistics, Africa and Asia. New York University Press.
Mitchell, B.R. 1983. International Historical Statistics, The Americas and Australasia. Gale Research Co., Detroit, Michigan.
Morris, R.A., D.J. Greenland, R.E. Huke. 1984. Remote sensing and rice research. In: Applications of Remote Sensing for Rice Production, pp. 33–54 (A. Deepak and K.R. Rao, eds.), A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, VA, U.S.A.
Neue, H.-U., P. Becker-Heidmann, H.W. Scharpenseel. 1990. Organic matter dynamics, soil properties, and cultural practices in rice lands and their relationship to methane production. In: Soils and the Greenhouse Effect ( A.F. Bouwman, ed.), J. Wiley and Sons, N.Y.
Parashar, D.C., J. Rai, P.K. Gupta, N. Singh. 1991. Parameters affecting methane emission from paddy fields. Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, 20: 12–17.
Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, P.A. Harcombe, F.T. Turner. 1990. Methane production and emission in a Texas rice field. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 4 (1): 47–68.
Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, P.A. Harcombe, F.T. Turner. 1991a. Mitigation of methane emissions from rice fields: possible adverse effects of incorporated rice straw. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5 (3): 275–287.
Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, F.T. Turner, M.F. Jund. 1991b. Methane emission from rice fields as influenced by solar radiation, temperature, and straw incorporation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5 (4): 335–350.
Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, Y.B. Wang, F.T. Turner, M.F. Jund. 1992. Methane emission from rice fields: the effect of floodwater management. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 6 (3): 249–262.
Schütz, H., A. Holzapfel-Pschorn, R. Conrad, H. Rennenberg, W. Seiler. 1989a. A 3-year continuous record on the influence of daytime, season, and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddy. J. Geophys. Res., 94 (D13): 16405–16416.
Schütz, H., W. Seiler, R. Conrad. 1989b. Processes involved in formation and emission of methane in rice paddies. Biogeochemistry, 7: 33–53.
Schütz, H., W. Seiler, H. Rennenberg. 1990. Soil and land use related sources and sinks of methane (CH4) in the context of the global methane budget. In: Soils and the Greenhouse Effect ( A.F. Bouwman, ed.), J. Wiley and Sons, N.Y.
Seiler, W., A. Holzapfel-Pschorn, R. Conrad, D. Scharffe. 1984. Methane emission from rice paddies. J. of Atmos. Chem., 1: 241–268.
United Nations. 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991. FAO Production Yearbook, vols. 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 1984. Agricultural Statistics of People’s Republic of China, 1949–1982. International Economics Division, Economic Research Service, Statistical Bulletin No. 714. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Warneck, P. 1988. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere ( Academic Press, N.Y.)
Wassmann, R., H. Papen, H. Rennenberg. 1993. Methane emission from rice paddies and possible mitigation strategies. Chemosphere, 26 (1–4): 201–218.
Winchester, J.W., Song-Miao Fan, Shao-Meng Li. 1988. Methane and nitrogen gases from rice fields of China–possible effects of microbiology, benthic fauna, fertilizer, and agricultural practice. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 37: 149–155.
Yagi, K., K. Minami. 1990. Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fields. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 36 (4): 599–610.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shearer, M.J., Khalil, M.A.K. (1993). Rice Agriculture: Emissions. In: Khalil, M.A.K. (eds) Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change. NATO ASI Series, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84605-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84605-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84607-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84605-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive