Abstract
Transurethral resection (TUR) is the treatment of choice for patients with superficial bladder cancer (i.e., Ta, T1 tumors). There are few patients in whom cystectomy is indicated as the initial treatment. External beam irradiation or brachytherapy is applied only in special centers. External beam irradiation certainly does not lower the recurrence rate or improve survival compared to TUR [22]. Interstitial radium implants used in a very selected group of patients seem to be highly effective, both in terms of survival and recurrence rate [26].
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von Heyden, B., Jakse, G. (1993). When Should We Stop Intravesical Treatment in Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer?. In: Ackermann, R., Diehl, V. (eds) Malignancies of the Genitourinary Tract. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 126. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84583-3_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84583-3_12
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