Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aktive Resonatoren

  • Chapter
Optische Resonatoren

Part of the book series: Laser in Technik und Forschung ((LASER TECHNIK))

  • 152 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Bisher sind alle Einflüsse des aktiven Mediums vernachlässigt und die stationären Feldverteilungen im leeren Resonator diskutiert worden. Das aktive Medium wirkt aber durch zwei Effekte auf das im Resonator umlaufende Licht ein: die Intensität des Lichts wird bei jedem Durchgang durch das Medium verstärkt, wobei der Verstärkungsfaktor von der Lichtintensität abhängt, und die Ausbreitungsrichtung des Lichts wird durch die optischen Eigenschaften des Lasermaterials geändert. Modenstrukturen und Verluste unterscheiden sich deshalb von denen des passiven Resonators. Mit wachsender Verstärkung, d.h. mit wachsender Pumpleistung werden diese Unterschiede immer signifikanter, im Grenzfall extrem kleiner Pumpleistungen stimmen die Eigenschaften mit denen des passiven Resonators überein. Die ausführliche Diskussion der passiven Resonatoren bildet deshalb den idealen Ausgangspunkt, um die Änderungen die durch das aktive Medium verursacht werden zu verstehen. In diesem Kapitel werden neben den Einflüßen des Mediums auch die Abhängigkeit der Laserausgangsleistung von den Resonatorparametern, wie z.B. g-Parameter, Reflexionsgrad und Verluste behandelt, sowie Konsequenzen daraus für den optimalen Betrieb von Resonatoren gezogen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. A.E. Siegman: Lasers. Mill Valley: University Science Books 1986, S. 457–490, 243–361

    Google Scholar 

  2. W. Koechner: Solid state laser engineering. Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo: Springer 1976, S. 79–128,183–185,350–401

    Google Scholar 

  3. W. Kleen, R. Müller: Laser. Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo: Springer 1969, S. 87–118

    Google Scholar 

  4. W.W. Rigrod, Gain saturation and output power of optical masers, J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2602, 1963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Yariv, Energy and power considerations in injection and optically pumped lasers, Proc. IEEE, 1723, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  6. W.C. Marlow, Approximate lasing condition, J. Appl. Phys. 41, 4019, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y.A. Anan’ev, V.E. Sherstobitov, O.A. Shorokov, Calculation of the efficiency of a laser exhibiting large radiation losses, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 1, 65, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y.A. Anan’ev, L.V. Koval’chuk, V.P. Trusov, V.E. Sherstobitov, Method for calculating the efficiency of lasers with unstable resonators, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 4, 659, 1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. P.W. Miloni, Criteria for the thin-sheet approximation, Appl. Opt. 16, 2794, 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W. Rigrod, Homogeneously broadened cw lasers with uniform distributed loss, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 14, 377, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Eimerl, Optical extraction characteristics of homogeneously broadened cw lasers with nonsaturating lasers, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 3008, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. G.M. Schindler, Optimum output efficiency of homogeneously broadened lasers with constant loss, IEEE J Quant. Electron. 16, 546, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R.S. Galeev, S.I. Krasnov, Approximate method for calculation of output power of unstable telescopic resonators, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 12, 802, 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. O. Svelto, Principles of Lasers, Plenum Press, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lui-teng-Lin, Analysis of energy extraction efficiency of unstable resonators, Final Report, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C., 1984

    Google Scholar 

  16. L.W. Casperson, Power characteristics of high magnification semiconductor lasers, Opt. Quant. Electron. 18, 155, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. N. Hodgson, Optical resonators for high power lasers, Proc. SPIE 1021, 89, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Eicher, N. Hodgson, Output Power of Slab and Rod lasers, Proc. SPIE 1021, 147, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Eicher, N. Hodgson, H. Weber, Output power and efficiencies of slab laser systems, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 4608, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A.G. Fox, T. Li, Effect of gain saturation on the oscillating modes of optical masers, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 2, 774, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Casperson, A. Yariv, The Gaussian mode in optical resonators with a radial gain profile, Appi. Phys. Lett. 12, 355, 1968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Casperson, A. Yariv, Gain and dispersion focusing in an high gain laser, Appi. Opt. 11, 462, 1972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. U. Ganiel, Y. Silberberg, Stability of optical resonators with an active medium, Appi. Opt. 14, 306, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. E.A. Sziklas, A.E. Siegman, Mode calculations in unstable resonators with flowing saturable gain, Appi. Opt. 14, 1874, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G.T. Moore, R.J. McCarthy, Theory of modes in a loaded strip confocal unstable resonator, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 228, 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Hauck, F. Hollinger, H. Weber, Chaotic and Periodic Emission of high power solid state lasers, Opt. Commun. 47, 2, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  27. F.D. Feick, J.R. Oldenettel, Gain effects on laser mode formation, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 1097, 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. N. Hodgson, Optical resonators for high power lasers, Proc. SPIE 1021, 89, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. G.J. Ernst, W.J. Witteman, Mode structure of active resonators, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 9, 911, 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Hardy, Gaussian modes of resonators containing saturable gain medium, Appi. Phys. 19, 3830, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. Li, J.G. Skinner, Oscillating modes in ruby lasers with nonuniform pumping energy distribution, J. Appi. Phys. 36, 2595, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. H. Statz, C.L. Tang, Problem of mode deformation in optical masers, J. Appi. Phys. 36, 1816, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A.G. Fox, T. Li, Effects of gain saturation on the oscillating modes of optical masers, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 774, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Warter, R.U. Martinelli, Some effects of nonuniform pumping on the mode structure of solid state lasers, J. Appi. Phys. 37, 2103, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  35. H. Kogelnik, On the propagation of gaussian beams of light through lenslike media including those with a loss or gain variation, Appi. Opt. 4, 1562, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Kogelnik, Imaging of optical modes-resonators with internal lenses, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 44, 455, 1965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. C.M. Stickley, Laser brightness gain and mode control by compensation for thermal distortion, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 2, 511, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. L.M. Osterink, L.D. Foster, Thermal effects and transverse mode control in a Nd:YAG laser, Appi. Phys. Lett. 12, 128, 1968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. W. Koechner, Absorbed pump power, thermal profile and stress in a cw-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod, Appi. Opt. 9, 1429, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Koechner, Thermal lensing in a Nd:YAG laser rod, Appi. Opt. 9, 2548, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. J.D. Foster, L.M. Osterink, Thermal effects in a NdrYAG laser, J. Appi. Phys. 41, 3656, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. F.A. Levine, TEMoo enhancement in cw Nd:YAG by thermal lensing compensation, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 7, 170, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Steffen, J.P. Lortschner, G. Herziger, Fundamental mode radiation with solid state lasers, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 8, 239, 1972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. T.J. Gleason, J.S. Kruger, R.M. Curnutt, Thermally induced focusing in a Nd:YAG laser rod at low input powers, Appi. Opt. 12, 2942, 1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J.P. Lortschner, J. Steffen, G. Herziger, Dynamic stable resonators: a design procedure, Opt. Quant. Electron. 7, 505, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. P.H. Sarkies, A stable YAG resonator yielding a beam of very low divergence and high output energy, Opt. Commun. 31, 189, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Ifflànder, H.P. Kortz, H. Weber, Beam divergence and refractive power of directly coated solid-state lasers, Opt. Comm. 29, 223, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. H.P. Kortz, R. Ifflànder, H. Weber, Stability and beam divergence of multimode lasers with internal variable lenses, Appi. Opt. 20, 4124, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. A.J. Berry, D.C. Hanna, C.G. Swayers, High power single frequency operation of a Q-switched TEM00 mode Nd:YAG laser, Opt. Commun. 40, 54, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. D.C. Hanna, C.G. Swayers, M.A. Yuratich, Telescopic resonators for large volume TEM00 mode operation, Opt. Quant. Electron. 13, 493, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. V. Magni, Resonators for solid state lasers with large-volume fundamental mode and high alignment stability, Appl. Opt. 25, 2039, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. S. DeSilvestri, P. Laporta, V. Magni, Misalignment sensitivity of solid-state laser resonators with thermal lensing, Opt. Commun. 59, 43, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Ifflander, H. Weber, Focusing of multimode laser beams with variable beam parameters, Optica Acta 33, 1083, 1086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. H. Weber, R.Ifflander, P. Seiler, High power Nd-lasers for industrial applications, Proc. SPIE 650, 92, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. J.S. Uppal, J.C. Monga, F.D. Bhawalkar, Analysis of an unstable confocal ring laser with a thermally induced active medium, Appl. Opt. 25, 1389, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. V. Magni, Multi-element stable resonators containing a variable lens, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1962, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Metcalf, P. de Giovanni, J. Zachorowski, M. Leduc, Laser resonators containing self-focusing elements, Appl. Opt. 26, 4508, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. N. Hodgson, H. Weber, High power solid state lasers with unstable resonators, Opt. Quant. Electron., special issue on solid state lasers, August 1990

    Google Scholar 

  59. V.R. Kushnir, A.N. Nemkow, N.V. Shkunov, Influence of the resonator geometry on the output power of a laser with several active elements, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 5, 713, 1975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. K.P. Driedger, R. Ifflander, H. Weber, Multirod resonators for high power solid state lasers with improved beam quality, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. 24, 665, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. J.M. Eggleston, Periodic resonators for average-power scaling of stable-resonator solid-state lasers, IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 24, 1821, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. S. DeSilvestri, P. Laporta, V. Magni, Misalignment sensitivity of solid-state laser resonators with thermal lensing, Opt. Commun. 59, 43, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. R. Hauck, N. Hodgson, H. Weber, Misalignment sensitivity of unstable resonators with spherical mirrors, J. Mod. Opt. 35, 165, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. N. Hodgson, Optical resonators for high power lasers, Proc. SPIE 1021, 89, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Festkörper-Laser-Institut Berlin GmbH, TU Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 1000, Berlin 12, Deutschland

    Dr. Norman Hodgson & Prof. Dr. Horst Weber

Authors
  1. Dr. Norman Hodgson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Horst Weber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hodgson, N., Weber, H. (1992). Aktive Resonatoren. In: Optische Resonatoren. Laser in Technik und Forschung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84576-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84576-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-54404-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84576-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation