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Ventilatory Failure pp 318–346Cite as

Augmentation of Blood Gas Transfer by Means of an Intravascular Blood Gas Exchanger (IVOX)

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Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 15))

Abstract

Oxygen, at a concentration of about 21% of the ambient atmospheric air, enters the lung during the inspiratory phase of respiration, transits the conducting airways, and is delivered into the respiratory bronchiole-alveolar complexes of the lung. In response to the partial pressure gradient of O2 between the alveolar air and oxygen in the blood within the pulmonary capillaries, oxygen crosses the alveolarcapillary membrane where it enters into association with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. In this oxyhemoglobin complex, O2 is transported with the flow of blood through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, left ventricle, and systemic arterial system, to be delivered to the cells of the body, again crossing a systemic capillary-cellular membrane. Multiple factors, physiological and pathological, can interrupt, obtund, or impede this pathway of oxygen from the atmosphere to functioning tissue cells. If the metabolic requirements of the subject exceed the volume of oxygen delivered to the functioning cells, the oxygen content of the circulating blood decreases, hypoxemia is induced, and a state of respiratory insufficiency exists. With increasing hypoxemia, vital functions of the cells may be impaired to a life-threatening level, resulting in death if not corrected [1–4].

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Authors
  1. J. D. Mortensen
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, 640 Jackson Street, St. Paul, MN, 55101-2595, USA

    J. J. Marini

  2. Department of Critical Care, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilandou Street, Athens, 11521, Greece

    C. Roussos

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© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Mortensen, J.D. (1991). Augmentation of Blood Gas Transfer by Means of an Intravascular Blood Gas Exchanger (IVOX). In: Marini, J.J., Roussos, C. (eds) Ventilatory Failure. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84554-3_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84554-3_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84556-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84554-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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