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Ventilatory Failure pp 240–254Cite as

Pathophysiology of Ventilatory Failure in Patients with Neuromyopathies

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Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 15))

Abstract

Acute ventilatory failure manifested by hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis may develop in all conditions causing severe weakness of the respiratory muscles. These conditions include neurological disorders which produce dysfunction at any level in the pathways connecting “the respiratory centers” and the respiratory muscles [1]. For example, acute ventilatory failure may be observed in the acute inflammatory stage of poliomyelitis and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (involving the neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord), in the early phase of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (involving peripheral nerves), in an acute episode of myasthenia gravis (involving the neuromuscular junction), or in diseases involving the muscles themselves like muscular dystrophy or acid-maltase deficiency. In addition, acute dysfunction of the respiratory muscles may also occur in non-neurological disorders like cardiogenic [2, 3] or septic [4] shock, acidosis [5], abnormalities in serum electrolytes [6], steroid-induced myopathy [7], or may be produced by an impressive number of pharmacological agents and naturally occurring toxins or venoms [1]. Whatever its cause, acute and severe respiratory muscle weakness may lead to acute ventilatory failure and respiratory acidosis, and may eventually equire mechanical ventilation (MV).

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Authors
  1. M. Estenne
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, 640 Jackson Street, St. Paul, MN, 55101-2595, USA

    J. J. Marini

  2. Department of Critical Care, Evangelismos Hospital, 45, Ipsilandou Street, Athens, 11521, Greece

    C. Roussos

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© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Estenne, M. (1991). Pathophysiology of Ventilatory Failure in Patients with Neuromyopathies. In: Marini, J.J., Roussos, C. (eds) Ventilatory Failure. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84554-3_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84554-3_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84556-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84554-3

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