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Effects of Therapy on Central Nervous System Functions in Children

  • Chapter
Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Oncology

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

The main indications for administering therapy to the central nervous system (CNS) in children are: treatment of primary CNS tumors, prophylaxis of intracranial relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and, less frequently, treatment of skull base and paraspinal neoplasms (e.g., parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma). Multimodality treatment is applied in most of these diseases. In children with primary CNS tumors, for example, radiation is usually combined with surgical resection and, in certain lesion types (e.g., medulloblastoma and germinoma), cytotoxic drugs may also be added. In ALL, on the other hand, radiation is routinely combined with systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. As the survival of the majority of these children has gradually improved, late therapy sequelae have been reported more frequently and concerns over the quality of life in long-term survivors have increased. Therefore, it is important to examine carefully iatrogenic toxicity in order to determine the scope of the problem and to identify major factors affecting the frequency of various types of complication. Concurrently, studies should be conducted to elucidate mechanisms of CNS injury. Such information will contribute to the optimization of treatment for most common childhood malignancies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiotherapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    K. Kian Ang M.D., Ph.D. (Professor and Deputy Chairman)

  2. Institute of Radiotherapy, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 32, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Albert J. van der Kogel Ph.D. (Professor of Experimental Radiotherapy)

  3. Department of Radiotherapy, Academisch Zuikenhuis, St. Rafael’s Kliniek, Kapucijnenvoer, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Emmanuel van der Schueren M.D. (Professor and Head)

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  1. K. Kian Ang M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Albert J. van der Kogel Ph.D.
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  3. Emmanuel van der Schueren M.D.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The University Arizona, Health Science Center, 1501 North Campbell Ave., 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA

    J. Robert Cassady M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

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Ang, K.K., van der Kogel, A.J., van der Schueren, E. (1994). Effects of Therapy on Central Nervous System Functions in Children. In: Cassady, J.R. (eds) Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Oncology. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84520-8_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84520-8_10

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