Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is the most widely grown commercial non-food plant, with world production at 2.4 million ha in 1991 (USDA-FAS 1991). It is a New World crop that has alternately been valued for its medicinal properties and condemned as being a health hazard. Although there are 64 Nicotiana species currently known (Sisson and Severson 1990), all commercial tobacco belongs to Nicotiana tabacum L. Commercial tobaccos are cultivated for their cured leaf and are classified according to their field production and method of leaf curing (Akehurst 1981). Flue-cured tobacco is one of several classes, it occupies predominate hectarages in the world, and is one of the principal classes used in the manufacture of cigarettes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akehurst BC (1981) Tobacco, 2nd edn. Longman, New York
Bush LP (1981) Physiology and biosynthesis of tobacco alkaloids. Rec Adv Tob Sci 7:75–106
Campbell CR, Chaplin JF, Johnson WH (1982a) Cultural factors affecting yield, alkaloids, and sugars of close-grown tobacco. Agron J 74:279–283
Campbell JS, Chaplin JF, Boyette DM, Campbell CR, Crawford CB (1982b) Effect of plant spacings, topping heights, nitrogen rates, and varieties of tobacco on nicotine yield and concentration. Tob Sci 26:66–69
Castro A, Monji N, Malkus H, Eisenhart W, McKennis H Jr, Bowman ER (1979) Automated radioimmunoassay of nicotine. Clin Chim Acta 95:473–481
Chaplin JF, Miner GS (1980) Production factors affecting chemical components of the tobacco leaf. Rec Adv Tob Sci 6:3–63
Court WA (1986) High performance liquid chromatography of tobacco and tobacco smoke components. Rec Adv Tob Sci 12:143–184
Cundiff RH, Markunas PC (1955) Determination of nicotine, nornicotine, and total alkaloids in tobacco. Anal Chem 27:1650–1653
Cundiff RH, Markunas PC (1960) Modification of the extraction procedure for determination of alkaloids in tobacco. J Assoc Off Agric Chem 43:519–524
Cundiff RH, Markunas PC (1964) Abbreviated techniques for determinations of alkaloids in tobacco using the extraction procedure. Tob Sci 8:136–137
Dawson RF (1945) An experimental analysis of alkaloid production in Nicotiana: the origin of nornicotine. Am J Bot 32:416–423
Enzell CR, Wahlberg I, Aasen AJ (1977) Isoprenoids and alkaloids of tobacco. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 34:1–79
Fejér-Kossey O (1967) The separation of ten tobacco alkaloids by thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr 31:592–593
Glock E, Wright MP (1963) Determination of nornicotine in tobacco and smoke by the 1,3- indanedione spectrophotometric method. Anal Chem 35:246–251
Green CR, Colby DA, Cooper PJ, Heckman RA, Lyerly LA, Thome FA (1980) Advances in analytical methodology of leaf and smoke. Rec Adv Tob Sci 6:123–183
Griffith RB (1957) The rapid determination of total alkaloids by steam distillation. Tob Sci 1:130–137
Griffith RB, Jeffrey RN (1948) Improved steam distillation apparatus. Application to determination of nicotine in green and dry tobacco. Anal Chem 20:307–311
Harvey WR, Stahr HM, Smith WC (1969) Automated determination of reducing sugars and nicotine alkaloids on the same extract of tobacco leaf. Tob Sci 13:13–15
Hawks SN Jr, Collins WK (1983) Principles of flue-cured tobacco production. SN Hawks Jr, WK Collins, Raleigh, NC
Hodgson E, Smith E, Guthrie FE (1965) Two dimensional thin-layer chromatography of tobacco alkaloids and related compounds. J Chromatogr 20:176–177
Jeffrey RN, Eoff WH (1955) Paper chromatographic method for determining alkaloids in tobacco. Anal Chem 27:1903–1904
Jeffrey RN, Tso TC (1955) Qualitative differences in the alkaloid fraction of cured tobaccos. J Agric Food Chem 3:680–682
Lauterbach JH, Walker KM (1986) Recent advances in gas chromatography and their applications in tobacco research. Rec Adv Tob Sci 12:185–236
Long RC, Woltz WG (1977) Environmental factors affecting chemical composition of tobacco. In: McKenzie JL (ed) Recent advances in the chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke. Proc Am Chem Soc Symp, Am Chem Soc, Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division, pp 116–163
Mann TJ, Matzinger DF, Wernsman EA (1975) Genetic control of tobacco constituents. Tob Res 1:1–12
McClure WF, Williamson RE (1986) Status of near-infrared technology in the tobacco industry. Rec Adv Tob Sci 12:3–53
Mosley JM, Rayburn CH (1957) Nornicotine-type alkaloids as a factor in the taste and composition of cigarette smoke. Abstr. 11th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, New Haven, CT
Mulchi CL (1985) Environmental factors affecting the growth, chemistry, and quality of tobacco. Rec Adv Tob Sci 11:3–46
Rosa N (1979) Pyrolysis-gas chromatographic estimation of tobacco alkaloids and neophytadiene. J Chromatogr 171:419–423
Sadler WW, Chesson RR, Schoenbaum AW (1960) Automated procedure for determining the nicotine content of steam distillates. Tob Sci 4:208–212
Saunders JA, Blume DE (1981) Quantification of major tobacco alkaloids by highperformance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 205:147–154
Severson RF, McDuffie KL, Arrendale RF, Gwynn GR, Chaplin JF, Johnson AW (1981) Rapid method for the analysis of tobacco nicotine alkaloids. J Chromatogr 211: 111–121
Sisson VA, Severson RF (1990) Alkaloid composition of the Nicotiana species. Beitr Tabakforsch 14:327–339
Snook ME, Chortyk OT (1986) Advances in lipophilic gel chromatography of tobacco and tobacco smoke components. Rec Adv Tob Sci 12:237–297
Stephens RL, Weybrew JA (1959) Isatin: a color reagent for nornicotine. Tob Sci 3:48–51
Tso TC (1990) Production, physiology, and biochemistry of tobacco plant. IDEALS, Beltsville, MD
Tso TC, Kasperbauer MJ, Sorokin TP (1970) Effect of photoperiod and end-of-day light quality on alkaloids and phenolic compounds of tobacco. Plant Physiol 45:330–333
United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (1991) World tobacco situation. Circ Ser FT-12–91, USDA-FAS, Washington, DC, pp 48–49
van Bevel CHM (1953) Chemical composition of tobacco leaves as affected by soil moisture conditions. Agron J 45:611–614
Weeks WW, Davis DL, Bush LP (1969) Gas chromatographic separation of tobacco alkaloids. J Chromatogr 43:506–509
Weybrew JA, Wan Ismail WA, Long RC (1983) The cultural management of flue-cured tobacco quality. Tob Sci 27:56–61
Williams S (1984) Official methods of plant analysis, 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, pp 62–63
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wilkinson, C.A., Weeks, W.W. (1994). Alkaloid Analysis in Flue-Cured Tobacco. In: Linskens, H.F., Jackson, J.F. (eds) Alkaloids. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84226-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84226-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84228-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84226-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive