Abstract
Chest radiography in the sagittal and lateral planes remains the essential diagnostic method in respect of the thymus despite all the modern imaging methods now available.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abel M (1985) Prämedikation und Risiken bei der Computertomographie im Neugeborenen- und Säuglingsalter. Radiologe 25: 599
Asamura H, Morinaga S, Shimosato Y, Ono R, Naruke T (1988) Thymoma displaying endobronchial polypoid growth. Chest 94: 647
Bar-Ziv J, Barki Y, Itzchak Y, Mares AJ (1984) Posterior mediastinal accessory thymus. Pediatr Radiol 14:165
Batra P, Brown K, Steckel RJ, Collins JD, Ovenfors CO, Aberle D (1988) MR imaging of the thorax: a comparison of axial, coronal, and sagittal imaging planes. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12: 75
Bettendorf U, Bauer K-H (1981) Thymomdiagnostik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der computertomographisch gesteuerten perthorakalen Biopsie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 106:84
Boijsen E, Reuter SR (1966) Subclavian and internal mammary angiography in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. AJR 98:447
Cancroft ET, Montorfano D, Goldfarb CR (1978) Metastases to bone from malignant thymoma detected by technetium phosphate and gallium-67 scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 3: 312
Castellanos A, Pereiras R, Garcia O (1971) Angiocardiography in huge hypertrophy of the thymus. AJR 112: 40
Claus D, Coppens JP (1984) Sonography of mediastinal masses in infants and children. Ann Radiol 27:150
Condorelli L, Francaviglia A, Catalano A, Capua O, Caputi G (1935) Il pneumomediastino anteriore diagnostico. Radiol Física Med II: 163
Cowan RJ, Maynard CD, Witcofski RL, Janeway R, Toole JF (1971) Selenmethionine Se 75 thymus scans in myasthenia gravis. JAMA 215: 978
Day DL, Gedgaudas E (1984) The thymus. Radiol Clin North Am 22: 519
Dewes W, Schrappe-Bächer M, Focke-Wenzel EK, Schmitz-Dräger H-G (1986) Zur Röntgendiagnostik invasiver Thymome. ROFO 144: 388
Di Marino V, Argeme M, Brunet C, Coppens R, Bonnoit J (1987) Macroscopic study of the adult thymus. Surg Radiol Anat 9: 51
Djaja M, Bumbic S (1965) Tumoroid hyperplasia of the thymus in a seven-year-old child. Srp Arh Celok Lek 93: 647
Dobrev P (1967) Die Bedeutung der Pneumomediastinographie in der Diagnostik von Thymuserkrankungen im Kindesalter. Z Tuberk Erkr Thoraxorg 126: 291
Donahue DM, Leonard JC, Basmadjian GP et al. (1981) Thymic gallium-67 localization in pediatric patients on chemotherapy: concise communication. J Nucl Med 22: 1043
Düx A (1977) Differentialdiagnose pathologischer Mediastinalprozesse. In: Teschendorf W, Anacker H, Thurn P (eds) Röntgenologische Differentialdiagnostik, vol I,2, 5th edn. Thieme, Stuttgart
Ellis K, Austin JHM, Jaretzki III A (1988) Radiologic detection of thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis. AJR 151: 873
Fisher RM, Cremin BJ (1975) The extent of the inferior border of the thymus: a report of two cases in infants. Br J Radiol 48: 814
Gamsu G, Sostman D (1989) Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax. Am Rev Respir Dis 139: 254
Gamsu G, Stark DD, Webb WR et al. (1984) Magnetic resonance imaging of benign mediastinal masses. Radiology 151:709
Gefter W (1988) Chest applications of magnetic resonance imaging: an update. Radiol Clin North Am 26: 573
Goske Rudick M, Wood BP (1980) The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a large thymic cyst. Pediatr Radiol 10:113
Göthlin J, Jonsson K, Lunderquist A, Rausing A, Alburquerque LM (1977) The angiographic appearance of thymic tumors. Radiology 124:47
Gremmel H, Vieten H (1961) A propos de l’étude clinique et radiologique de tumeurs du thymus. Ann Radiol 4:669
Haller JO, Schneider M, Kassner EG, Friedman AP, Waldroup LD (1980) Sonographic evaluation of the chest in infants and children. AJR 134:1019
Handmaker H, O’Mara RE (1977) Gallium imaging in pediatrics. J Nucl Med 18:1057
Hare WSC, Andrews JT (1970) The occult thymoma: radiological and radioisotopic aids to diagnosis. Aust Ann Med 1:30
Harris VJ, Ramilo J, White H (1980) The thymic mass as a mediastinal dilemma. Clin Radiol 31: 263
Hauger W (1975) Zur Wertigkeit des Pneumomediastinum bei der Diagnostik von Tumoren im vorderen Mediastinum. ROFO 122: 423
Helzel M (1985) Sonographische Topographie des oberen vorderen Mediastinums. Ultraschall Med 6:101
Hibi S, Todo S, Imashuku S (1987) Thymic localization of gallium-67 in pediatric patients with lymphoid and nonlymphoid tumors. J Nucl Med 28: 293
Higasi T, Nakayama Y (1972) Clinical evaluation of 67 gallium-citrate scanning. J Nucl Med 13:196
Hoffer P (1980) Gallium and infection. J Nucl Med 21: 484
Hopkins GB, Mende CW (1975) Gallium 67 for the diagnosis and localization of subphrenic abscesses. West J Med 122: 281
Irvine WJ, Sumerling MD (1965) Radiological assessment of the thymus in thyroid and other diseases. Lancet I: 996
Jensen SR, Rao BR, Winebright JW, O’Reilly R (1980) Gallium-67 uptake in a benign thymic cyst. Clin Nucl Med 5: 67
Johnson PM, Berdon WE, Baker DH, Fawwaz RA (1978) Thymic uptake of gallium-67 citrate in a healthy 4 year old boy. Pediatr Radiol 7: 243
Kabelka M, Sintáková B, Zítková M (1977) Dysontogenetic accessory lobe of the thymus. A new clinical entity? Z Kinderchir 20:116
Kaplan IL, Swayne LC, Widmann WD, Wolff M (1988) CT demonstration of “ectopic” thymoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12:1037
Keesey J, Bein M, Mink J et al. (1980) Detection of thymoma in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 30: 233
Kim Han B, Babcock DS, Oestreich AE (1989) Normal thymus in infancy: sonographic characteristics. Radiology 170: 471
Kook Sang Oh, Weber AL, Borden S (1971) Normal mediastinal mass in late childhood. Radiology 101: 625
Kreel L (1967) Selective thymic venography. New method for visualization of the thymus. Br Med J 1: 406
Lavender JP, Lowe J, Barker JR et al. (1971) Gallium 67 citrate scanning in neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Br J Radiol 44: 361
Lemaitre L, Marconi V, Avni F, Remy J (1987) The sonographic evaluation of normal thymus in infants and children. Eur J Radiol 7:130
Leonhard JC (1982) Thymic localization of Tc-99m gluceptate. Clin Nuc Med 7: 577
Lissner J (1959) Der Wert des Pneumomediastinums bei der Differentialdiagnose mediastinaler Erkrankungen. ROFO 91: 445
Lissner J (1963) Die röntgenologische Diagnostik der Thymustumoren. Radiologe 3:31
Livesay JJ, Mink JH, Fee HJ, Bein ME, Sample WF, Mulder DG (1979) The use of computed tomography to evaluate suspected mediastinal tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 27:305
Miller JH (ed) (1985) Imaging in pediatric oncology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p 152
Min K-W, Waddell CC, Pircher FJ, Granville GE, Gyorkey F (1978) Selective uptake of 75-Se-Selenmethionine by thymoma with pure red cell aplasia. Cancer 41:1323
O’Donovan PB, Ross JS, Sivak ED et al. (1984) Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax: the advantages of coronal and sagittal planes. AJR 143:1183
Oliva L (1973) Erkrankungen des Mediastinums. In: Schinz HR, Baensch WE, Frommhold W, Glauner R, Uehlinger E, Wellauer J (eds) Lehrbuch der Röntgendiagnostik, vol IV, 2,6th edn. Pleura, Mediastinum und Lunge. Thieme, Stuttgart
O’Mara RE, Matin P (1977) Tumor and inflammatory lesion localization. In: Matin B (ed) Handbook of clinical nuclear medicine. Medical Examination Publishing, New York, p 283
Oppermann HC, Brandeis WE (1975) Konnatales Thymom. Z Kinderchir 16: 366
Oppermann HC, Willich E (1978) Zur Röntgendiagnostik und Differentialdiagnose der Mediastinaltumoren im Kindesalter. Radiologe 18:218
Oppermann HC, Ulmer HE, Vogt-Moykopf J (1977) Thymom: seltene Ursachen einer akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz im Kindesalter. Z Kinderchir 21:178
Otto R, Flückiger A, Candardjis G (1972) Indikationen zur Darstellung der oberen Hohlvene und ihrer Hauptäste. ROFO 117:514
Parker LA, Gaisie G, Scatliff JH (1985) Computerized tomography and ultrasonographic findings in massive thymic hyperplasia. Clin Pediatr 24: 90
Patel D, Mitnick J, Braunstein P, Genieser NB (1978) 67 Gallium scan in thymoma. Clin Nucl Med 3: 339
Pohlenz O (1968) Röntgenologische Thymusdiagnostik. Med Klin 63:1255
Pohlenz O, Feindt HP, Hauch HJ, Nitschke M (1966) Zur Differentialdiagnose des prominenten Pulmonalisbogens mit Hilfe des Pneumomediastinum. ROFO 104: 486
Polansky SM, Barwick KW, Ravin CE (1979) Primary mediastinal seminoma. AJR 132:17
Salonen OL, Kivisaari ML, Somer JK (1984) Computed tomography of the thymus of children under 10 years. Pediatr Radiol 14: 373
Siegel MJ, Sagel SS, Reed K (1982) The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of pediatric mediastinal abnormalities. Radiology 142:149
Sone S, Higashihara T, Morimoto S et al. (1980) Normal anatomy of thymus and anterior mediastinum by pneumomediastinography. AJR 134: 81
Spahr J, Frable WJ (1981) Pulmonary cytopathology of an invasive thymoma. Acta Cytol 25:163
Swick HM, Preston DF, McQuillen MP (1976) Gallium scans in myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci 274: 536
Teates CD, Bray S, Williamson BRJ (1978) Tumor detection with 67 gallium citrate: a literature survey (1970–1978). Clin Nucl Med 3:456
Testa GF, Angelini C (1979) Assessment of the value of thymic scan in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 220: 21
Thai W (1972) Kinderbronchologie. Barth, Leipzig, p 187
Tischer W (1967) Diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei Thymushyperplasie im Säuglingsalter. Kinderarztl Prax 35: 333
VanSonnenberg E, Lin AS, Deutsch AL, Mattrey RF (1983) Percutaneous biopsy of difficult mediastinal, hilar and pulmonary lesions by computed tomographic guidance and a modified coaxial technique. Radiology 148: 300
von Lengerke H-J, Schmidt H (1988) Mediastinalsonographie im Kindesalter. Ergebnisse bei 310 Untersuchungen. Radiologe 28:460
Walter E (1988) Erkrankungen und Tumoren des Thymus im Erwachsenenalter. In: Diethelm L, Heuck F, Olsson O, Strnad F, Vieten H, Zuppinger A (eds) Röntgendiagnostik der oberen Speise- und Atemwege, der Atemorgane und des Mediastinums. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (Handbuch der medizinischen Radiologie, vol IX, part 5c, p 391)
Webb WR (1989) The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of patients with lung cancer: a comparison with computed tomography. J Thorac Imag 4: 65
Webb WR, Gamsu G, Stark DD et al. (1984a) Evaluation of magnetic resonance sequences in imaging mediastinal tumors. AJR 143: 723
Webb WR, Jensen BG, Gamsu G et al. (1984b) Coronal magnetic resonance imaging of the chest: normal and abnormal. Radiology 153:729
Webb WR, Jensen BG, Gamsu G, Sollitto R, Moore EH (1985) Sagittal MR imaging of the chest: normal and abnormal. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9: 471
Yulish BS, Owens RP (1980) Thymic enlargement in a child during therapy for primary hypothyroidism. AJR 135:157
Yune HY, Klatte EC (1970) Thymic venography. Radiology 96: 521
Zanca P, Chuang TH, DeAvila R, Galindo DL (1965) True congenital mediastinal thymic cyst. Pediatrics 36: 615
Zeidler U (1978) Hirnszintigraphie. In: Diethelm L, Heuck F, Olsson O, Strnad F, Vieten H, Zuppinger A (eds) Nuclearmedizin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, Handbuch der medizinischen Radiologie, vol XV, part 2, p 1 ff
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Walter, E., Willich, E., Webb, W.R., de Geer, G. (1992). Imaging Procedures for Visualization of the Thymus. In: Walter, E., Willich, E., Webb, W.R. (eds) The Thymus. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84192-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84192-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84194-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84192-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive