Abstract
The hypoxic cell radiosensitizers are included in the broad field of chemical modifiers of cancer treatment. The chemical modifiers of radiation include the radiation sensitizers and protectors, which are theoretically of no therapeutic value by themselves but are clinically active only when used in conjunction with irradiation. Combined modality therapy using radiation therapy with the standard cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is the major focus of this symposium. Such treatment may be designed to maximize the interaction between the radiation and chemotherapy rather than emphasizing one of the individual modalities. The radiation modifiers have also been developed as chemomodifiers, both chemosensitizers and normal tissue protectors. The overall field of chemical modifiers has been recently reviewed in detail (Coleman 1988, 1989; Coleman et al. 1988a, 1989a, b). This article will highlight some of the rationale for the clinical use of radiation and chemotherapy modifiers, with particular emphasis on the use of the hypoxic cell sensitizers as a continuous infusion.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahmed I, Jenkins TC, Walling JM et al. (1986) Analogues of RSU-1069: radiosensitization and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1079–1081
Ahwad HK, El Badawy S, Zagloul M et al. (1988) Pharmacokinetics of Etanidazole (SR 2508) in bladder and cervical cancer: evidence of diffusion from urine. Proceedings from 6th Conference on chemical modifiers of cancer treatment, Paris (abstr 3–13)
Biaglow JE (1981) Cellular electron transfer and radical mechanisms for drug metabolism. Radiat Res 86: 212–242
Brown JM (1984) Clinical trials of radiosensitizers: What should we expect? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 425–429
Brown JM, Yu Ny (1984) Radiosensitization of hypoxic cells in vivo by SR 2508 at low radiation doses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 1207–1212
Brown JM, Yu NY, Brown DM et al. (1981) SR-2508: a 2-nitroimidazole amide which should be superior to misonidazole as a radiosensitizer for clincal use. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 7: 695–701
Chaplin DJ, Durand RE, Olive PL (1986a) Acute hypoxia in tumors: implications for modifiers of radiation effects. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1279–1282
Chaplin DJ, Durand RE, Stratford IJ (1986b) The radiosensitizing and toxic effects of RSU-1069 on hypoxic cells in a murine tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1091–1095
Chaplin DJ, Olive PL, Durand RE (1987) Intermittent blood flow in a murine tumor: radiobiological effects. Cancer Res 47: 597–601
Coleman CN (1985) Hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: expectations and progress in drug development. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 11: 323–329
Coleman CN (1988) Hypoxia in tumors: a paradigm for the approach to biochemical and physiologic heterogeneity. JNCI 80: 310–317
Coleman CN (1989) Chemical modification of radiation and chemotherapy. In: DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia pp 2436–2448, 1989
Coleman CN, Urtasun RC, Wasserman TH et al. (1984; Initial report of the phase I trial of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer SR 2508. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 1749–1753
Coleman CN, Halsey J, Cox Rs et al. (1987) Prediction of the neurotoxicity of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer SR 2508 from the pharmacokinetic profile. Cancer Res 47: 319–322
Coleman CN, Bump EA, Kramer RA (1988a) Chemical modifiers of cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 6: 709–733
Coleman CN, Carlson RC, Halsey J et al. (1988b) Enhancement of the clinical activity of melphalan by the sensitizer misonidazole. Cancer Res 48: 3528–3532
Coleman CN, Glover DJ, Turissi AT (1990) Radiation and chemotherapy sensitizers and protectors. In: Chabner BA, Collins JM, Myers CE (eds) Cancer chemotherapy: principles and practice. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 424–448
Coleman CN, Looney WT, Hoskins H (1989) Radiation sensitizers. Semin Oncol 16: 169–175
Coleman CN, Noll L, Howes AE et al. (1989) Initial results of a phase I trial of continuous infusion SR 2508 (Etani- dazole). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16: 1085–1087
Finklestein E, Glatstein E (1988) Seduced by oxygen (editorial). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1027–1032
Fu K, Hurst S, Begg AC, Brown JM (1980) The effects of misonidazole during continuous low dose rate irradiation. In: Brady L (ed) Radiation sensitizers, their use in the clinical management of cancer, pp 267–275 Masson Publishing Company, New York
Hall EJ (1988) Radiobiology for the radiologist. J.B. Lip- pincott, Philadelphia, 137–163
Herskovic A, Leichman L, Lattin P et al. (1988) Chemo/ radiation with and without surgery in the thoracic esophagus: the Wayne State experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15: 655–662
Howes AE (1969) An estimation of the changes in the proportions and absolute numbers of hypoxic-cells after irradiation of transplanted C3H mouse mammary tumors. Br J Radiol 42: 441–447
Laderoute KR, Eryavec E, McClelland RA et al. (1986) The production of strand breaks in DNA in the presence of the hydoxylamine of SR-2508 (l-[N-(2-hyd- roxylethyl)acetamido]-2-nitroimidazole) at neutral pH. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1215–1218
Meister, A (1983) Selective modification of glutathime metabolism. Science 220: 472–477
Minchinton AI, Stratford MRL (1986) A comparison of tumor and normal tissue levels of acidic, basic and neutral 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizers in mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1117–1120
Mitchell JB, Phillips TL, DeGraff W et al. (1986) The relationship of SR-2508 sensitizer enhancement ratio to cellular glutathione levels in human tumor cell lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1143–1146
Moulder JE, Rockwell S (1984) Hypoxic fractions of solid tumors: experimental techniques, methods of analysis, and a survey of existing data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 695–712
Mulcahy RT, Trump DL (1988) Clinical chemosensitiza- tion by misonidazole and related compounds: a critical evaluation (editorial). J Clin Oncol 6: 569–573
Newman H, Bleehan NM, Workman P (1986) A phase I study of the combination of two hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, Ro 03–8799 and SR 2508: toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1113–1116
Newman H, Workman P, Bleehan NM (1988) The multi- dose clinical tolerance and pharmacokinetics of the combined radiosensitizers, Ro 03–8799 (Pimonidazole) and SR 2508 (Etanidazole). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15: 1073–1083
Overgaard J, Sand Hansen H, Anderson AP et al. (1985) Misonidazole as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of the larynx and the pharynx. 2nd interim analysis of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (personal communication and Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical Modifiers of Cancer Treatment, Clearwater, FL 1–23 (abstr)
Roberts JT, Bleehan NM, Walton JI et al. (1986) A clinical phase I toxicity study of Ro 03–8799; plasma, urine, tumour and normal brain pharmacokinetics. Br J Radiol 59: 107–116
Sartorelli AC (1988) Therapeutic attact of hypoxic cells of solid tumors: presidential address. Cancer Res 48: 775- 778
Saunders MI, Anderson PJ, Bennett MH et al. (1984) The clinical testing of Ro 03–8799 - pharmockinetics, toxicology, tissue and tumor concentrations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 1759–1763
Skarsgard LD, Harrison I, Durand RE et al. (1986) Radiosensitization of hypoxic cells at low doses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1075–1078
Stevenson MA, Calderwood SK, Coleman CN (1989) Effects of nitroimidazoles on neuronal cells in vivo. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16: 1225–1230, 1989
Stratford IJ, Adams GE, Horsman MR et al. (1980) The interaction of misonidazole with radiation, chemother- apeutic agents, or heat. Cancer Clin Trials 3: 231–236
Stratford IJ, O’Neill P, Sheldon PW et al. (1986) RSU 1069, a nitroimidazole containing an aziridine group. Biochem Pharmacol 35: 105–109
Taylor YC, Brown JM (1987) Radiosensitization in multif- raction schedules: II. Greater sensitization by 2- nitroimidazoles than by oxygen. Radiat Res 112: 134— 145
Urtasun RC, Chapman JD, Raleigh JA et al. (1986) Binding of 3H-misonidazole to solid human tumors as a measure of tumor hypoxia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1263–1267
Ward JF (1986) Mechanisms of DNA repair and their potential modification for radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12: 1027–1032
Wasserman TH, Phillips TL, Johnson RJ et al. (1979) Initial United States clinical and pharmacologic evaluation of misonidazole (R0–07-0582), and hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 5: 775–786
Wasserman TH, Nelson JS, WonGerichton K (1984) Neuropathy of nitroimidazole radiosensitizers: clinical and pathological description. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 1725–1730
Yu NY, Brown JM (1984) Depletion of glutathione in vivo as a method of improving the therapeutic ratio of misonidazole and SR 2508. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10: 1265–1269
Zeman EM, Hirst VK, Lemmon MJ et al. (1988) Enhancement of radiation-induced tumor cell killing by the hypoxic cell toxic SR 4233. Radiother Oncol 12: 209–218
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coleman, C.N. (1991). Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers. In: Rotman, M., Rosenthal, C.J. (eds) Concomitant Continuous Infusion Chemotherapy and Radiation. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84186-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84186-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84188-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84186-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive