Abstract
Since this tutorial was presented both GKS-3D and PHIGS have become international standards. PHIGS PLUS extends PHIGS to include lighting and shading capabilities. This chapter examines these systems and looks at some simple applications. In practice, PHIGS can be quite difficult to use — a fact which is not apparent until one actually tries to do something with it. For many applications, GKS-3D would be a better choice, unless lighting and shading are necessary. It seems, however, that many manufacturers are ignoring GKS-3D and are only supporting PHIGS for 3D applications. The chapter concludes with advice and information about implementations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
NeWS Manual, Version 1.1. Mountain View, CA 94043, 1987.
J F Blinn and M E Newell. Clipping Using Homogeneous Coordinates. Computer Graphics (Proc Siggraph 78), 12(3): 245–251, 1978.
B Borden. Doré (Dynamic Object Rendering Environment) Description. Ardent Computer, 880 W. Maude Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94086, 1988.
M D Brown. Understanding PHIGS. Template, San Diego, 1985.
Phong Bui-Tuong. Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures. Communications of the ACM, 18 (6), 1975.
H Gouraud. Computer Display of Curved Surfaces. Technical Report UTEC-CSc-71-113, University of Utah, 1971.
I Herman and J Reviczky. A Means to Improve the GKS-3D/PHIGS Output Pipeline Implementation. In Proceedings of Eurographics’ 87, Amsterdam, 1987. North-Holland.
F R A Hopgood, J R Gallop, D A Duce, and D C Sutcliffe. An Introduction to the Graphical Kernel System (GKS). Academic Press, London, second edition, 1986.
T Howard. A Shareable Centralised Database for KRT3 — a hierarchical graphics system based on PHIGS. In Proceedings Eurographics 1987, Amsterdam, 1987. North-Holland.
R J Hubbold and P J Bramhall. A Flexible, High-Performance, Interactive Graphics System. Computer Graphics (Proc. Siggraph 78), 12 (3), 1978.
Adobe Systems Inc. PostScript Language Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1985.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). ISO-7942 Information Processing Systems — Computer Graphics Graphical Kernel System (GKS) functional description, 1985.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). ISO 8805 Information Processing Systems — Computer Graphics, Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D) functional description, 1988.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). ISO IEC JTC 1, N2, PEX Protocol Specification, 1988.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). ISO IEC JTC 1, N3, PHIGS+ Functional Description Rev 3.0, 1988.
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). ISO 9592 Information Processing Systems — Computer Graphics, Programmers’ Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS), 1989.
R Schiffler and J Gettys. The X Window System. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5, 1986.
K M Singleton. An implementation of the GKS-3D/PHIGS Viewing Pipeline. In Proceedings Eurographics 1986, Amsterdam, 1986. North-Holland.
B R Thatch and A Mycklebust. A PHIGS-based Graphics Input Interface for Spatial Mechanism Design. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 8, 1988.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 EUROGRAPHICS The European Association for Computer Graphics
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hubbold, R., Hewitt, T. (1991). GKS-3D and PHIGS — Theory and Practice. In: Hewitt, W.T., Grave, M., Roch, M. (eds) Advances in Computer Graphics IV. EurographicSeminars. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84060-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84060-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84062-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84060-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive