Abstract
A number of well-characterized growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), can stimulate the proliferation and modify the differentiation of normal and malignant rodent and human mammary epithelial cells (Salomon et al. 1986 a, c). For example, EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFa) can stimulate the lobulo-alveolar development of mouse mammary glands in organ culture or in vivo (Tonelli and Soroff 1980; Okamoto and Oka 1984; Vonderhaar 1987). In addition, EGF may perform a physiological role in the development of the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation and in the spontaneous formation of mammary tumors in mice (Okamoto and Oka 1984; Oka et al. 1987; Tsutsumi et al. 1987). Several of these growth factors, such as IGF-I, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGFa, and TGFß, have been found in the conditioned medium (CM) from several human breast cancer cell lines (Salomon et al. 1984; Dickson et al. 1986; Huff et al. 1986; Bronzert et al. 1987; Knabbe et al. 1987; Peres et al. 1987). The production of TGFa, IGF-I, and TGF/3 can be modulated by estrogens or anti-estrogens, suggesting that the growth-promoting effects of estrogen may be mediated in part by TGFa and/or IGF-I and that the growth-inhibitory effects of anti-estrogen may be mediated by TGF/3 (Dickson et al. 1985; Perroteau et al. 1986; Knabbe et al. 1987; Liu et al. 1987; Peres et al. 1987; Huff et al. 1988). However, it is still unclear whether these or other growth factors are present in mammary tumor cells in vivo and, if so, whether they are involved in the etiology of tumor development and progression. Likewise, there is little information on the distribution and level of expression of similar growth factors in normal mammary epithelial cells at specific times during the development of the mammary gland.
Keywords
- Epidermal Growth Factor
- Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene
- A1N4 Cell
- Human Mammary Epithelial Cell
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bates SE, Davidson NE, Valverius E, Dickson RB, Freter CE, Tam JP, Kudlow JE, Lippman ME, Salomon DS (1988) Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its messenger ribonucleic acid in human breast cancer: its regulation by estrogen and its evidence for an autocrine role. Mol Endocrinol 2: 543–555
Bringman TS, Lindquist PB, Derynck R (1987) Different transforming growth factor-a species are derived from glycosylated and palmitoylated transmembrane precursor. Cell 48: 429–440
Bronzert DA, Pantazis P, Antoniades HN, Kasid A, Davidson N, Dickson RB, Lippman ME (1987) Synthesis and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor by human breast cancer cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5763–5767
Clark AJL, Ishia S, Richert N, Merlino GT, Pastan I (1985) Epidermal growth factor regulates the expression of its own receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8374–8378
Coffey RI, Derynck R, Wilcox JN, Bringman TS, Goustin AS, Moses HL, Pittelkow MR (1987) Production and auto-induction of transforming growth factor-a in human keratinocytes. Nature 328: 817–820
Derynck R (1986) Transforming growth factor-a: structure and biological activities. J Cell Biochem 32: 293–304
Derynck R, Goeddel DV, Ulrich A, Gutterman JU, Williams RD, Bringman TS, Berger WH (1987) Synthesis of messenger RNAs for transforming growth factors a and ß and the epidermal growth factor receptor by human tumors. Cancer Res 47: 707–712
Dickson RB, Huff KK, Spencer EM, Lippman ME (1985) Induction of epidermal growth factor-related polypeptides by 17/3-estradiol in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 118: 138–142
Dickson RB, Bates SE, McManaway ME, Lippman ME (1986) Characterization of estrogen responsive transforming activity in human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 46: 1707–1713
Fernandez-Pol JA, Klos DJ, Hamilton PD, Talkad VD (1987) Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression by transforming growth factor-Q in a human breast carcinoma cell line. Cancer Res 47: 4260–4265
Filmus J, Trent JM, Pollak MN, Buick RN (1987) Epidermal growth factor receptor gene-amplified MDA-468 breast cancer cell line and its nonamplified variants. Mol Cell Biol 7: 251–257
D.S. Salomon et al.
Gentry LE, Twardzik DR, Lim JG, Ranchalis JE, Lee DC (1987) Expression and characterization of transforming growth factor-a precursor in transfected mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 7: 1585–1591
Hanauske A-R, Arteaga CL, Clark GM, Buchok J, Marshall M, Hazarika P„ Pardue RL, von Hoff DD (1988) Determination of transforming growth factor activity in effusions from cancer patients. Cancer 61: 1832–1887
Huff KK, Kaufman D, Gabbay KH, Spencer EM, Lippman ME, Dickson RB (1986) Human breast cancer cells secrete an insulin-like growth factor-I-related polypeptide. Cancer Res 46: 4613–4619
Huff KK, Knabbe C, Lindsey R, Kaufman D, Bronzert D, Lippman ME, Dickson RB (1988) Multihormonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I-related protein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2: 200–208
Ignotz RA, Kelly B, Davis RJ, Massague J (1986) Biologically active precursor for transforming growth factor type a, released by retrovirally transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 6307–6311
King CR, Kraus MH, Williams LT, Merlino GT, Pastan I, Aronson SA (1985) Human tumor cell lines with EGF receptor gene amplification in the absence of aberrant size mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 13: 8477–8486
Knabbe C, Lippman ME, Wakefield LM, Flanders KC, Kasid A, Derynck R, Dickson RB (1987) Evidence that transforming growth factor /3 is a hormonally regulated negative growth factor in human breast cancer cells. Cell 48: 417–428
Libermann TA, Nusbaum HR, Razon N, Razon R, Kris I, Lax H, Soret N, White A, Water-field MD, Ulrich A, Schlessinger J (1985) Amplification, enhanced expression, and possible rearrangement of EGF receptor gene in primary human brain tumors of glial origin. Nature 313: 144–147
Liu SC, Sanfilippo B, Perroteau I, Derynck R, Salomon DS, Kidwell WR (1987) Expression of transforming growth factor a (TGFa) in differentiated rat mammary tumors: estrogen induction of TGFa production. Mol Endocrinol 1: 683–692
Merlino GT, Xu Y-H, Ishii S, Clark AJL, Sermba K. Toyoshima T, Yamamoto T, Pastan I (1984) Amplification and enhanced expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in A-431 human carcinoma cells. Science 224: 417–419
Oka T, Kurachi H, Yoshimura M, Tsutsumi I, Cossu M, Taga M (1987) Study of the growth factors for the mammary gland: epidermal growth factor and mesenchyme-derived growth factors. Nucl Med Biol 14: 353–360
Macias A, Perez R, Hagerström T, Skooy L (1987) Identification of transforming growth factor alpha in human primary breast carcinomas. Anticancer Res 7: 1271–1276
Okamoto S, Oka T (1984) Evidence for a physiological function of epidermal growth factor: pregestational sialadenectomy of mice decreases milk production and increases offspring mortality during lactation period. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6059–6063
Peres R, Betsholtz C, Westermark B, Heldin C-H (1987) Frequent expression of growth factors for mesenchymal cells in human mammary carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 47: 3425–3429
Perroteau I, Salomon DS, DeBortoli M, Kidwell W, Hazarika P, Pardue R, Dedman J, Tam J (1986) Immunological detection and quantitation of alpha transforming growth factor in human breast carcinoma cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 7: 201–210
Roberts AB, Sporn MB (1985) Transforming growth factors. Cancer Sury 4: 684–705 Rosenthal A, Lindquist PB, Bringman TS, Goeddel DV, Derynck R (1986) Expression in rat
fibroblasts of a human transforming growth factor-a cDNA results in transformation.
Cell 46: 301–309
Salomon DS, Kidwell WR (1988) Tumor-associated growth factors in malignant rodent and human mammary epithelial cells. In: Lippman ME, Dickson RB (eds) Breast cancer: cellular and molecular biology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, pp 361–389
Salomon DS, Zwiebel JA, Bano M, Losonczy I, Fehnel P, Kidwell WR (1984) Presence of transforming growth factors in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 44: 4069–4077
Modulation by Estrogen and Growth Factors of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha 69
Salomon DS, Bano M, Kidwell WR ( 1986 a) Polypeptide growth factors and the growth of mammary epithelial cells. In: Rich MA, Hayes JC, Papadimitrion J-T (eds) Breast cancer: origins, detection and treatment. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, pp 42–56
Salomon DS, Kidwell WR, Liu S, Kim N, Callahan R, Theillet C, Lidereau R, Derynck R (1986 b) Presence of alpha TGF mRNA in human breast cancer cell lines and in human breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat 8: 106 (abstract no.109)
Salomon DS, Perroteau I, Kidwell WR (1986 c) Tumor-derived growth factors in rodent and human mammary carcinoma cells. In: Eppenberger U, Fabbro D, Schäfer P (eds) Endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Karger, Basel, pp 5–16. Contributions to oncology, vol 23
Stampfer MR, Bartley JC (1985) Induction of transformation and continuous cell lines from normal human mammary epithelial cells after exposure to benzo [a] pyrene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2394–2398
Stromberg K, Hudgins WR, Orth DN (1987) Urinary TGFs in neoplasia: immunoreactive TGF-a in the urine of patients with disseminated breast carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 144: 1059–1068
Tonelli QJ, Soroff S (1980) Epidermal growth factor requirement for development of cultured mammary glands. Nature 285: 250–252
Tsutsumi O, Tsutsumi A, Oka T (1987) Importance of epidermal growth factor in implantation and growth of mouse mammary tumor in female nude mice. Cancer Res 47: 4651–4653
Valverius EM, Bates SE, Stampfer MR, Clark R, McCormick F, Salomon DS, Lippman ME, Dickson RB (1989) Transforming growth factor alpha production and EGF receptor expression in normal and oncogene transformed human mammary epithelial cells. Mol Endocrinol (in press)
Vonderhaar BK (1987) Local effects of EGF, a-TGF, and EGF-like growth factors on lobuloalveolar development of the mouse mammary gland in vivo. J Cell Physiol 132: 581–584
Zwiebel JA, Bano M, Nexo E, Salomon DS, Kidwell WR (1986) Partial purification of transforming growth factors from human milk. Cancer Res 46: 933–939
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Salomon, D.S. et al. (1989). Modulation by Estrogen and Growth Factors of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Normal and Malignant Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. In: Eppenberger, U., Goldhirsch, A. (eds) Endocrine Therapy and Growth Regulation of Breast Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 113. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83638-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83638-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83640-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83638-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive