Abstract
Electrons in condensed matter are classified into core electrons and outer electrons (or valence electrons). The core electrons are well localized inside the atom, so that they keep their properties in the free atom state, irrespective of the chemical surroundings. On the other hand, the outer electrons are more extended and contribute to the interatomic bond, so that their properties are different for different materials even with the same atomic origin. In the core level spectroscopy, a core electron is excited by an incident photon (or by an incident electron), and the spectra associated with the core electron excitation, such as photoemission, photoabsorption, fluorescence, Auger electron emission etc., provide us with important information on the properties of outer electrons, as well as atomic arrangements.
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Kotani, A. (1988). Many-Body Effects in Core-Level Spectroscopy of Solids. In: Kanamori, J., Kotani, A. (eds) Core-Level Spectroscopy in Condensed Systems. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 81. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83437-0_1
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