Abstract
Experimental advances have made possible direct measurements of cohesion, elasticity, and rigidity properties of surfactant double-layer membranes in aqueous media. Mechanical properties -- tension for rupture (expansion limit), elastic compressibility and surface rigidity -- are derived from pressurization of giant single-walled vesicles by micropipets. Area measurements as a function of temperature provide explicit definition of surface-density transitions at fixed state of stress. Special properties of crystalline-bilayer structures (e.g. ripple stiffness and energy of formation, shear rigidity and viscosity) are also measured. The effects of mixtures of phospholipids, cholesterol, and simple polypeptides on these properties have been established.
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For chemically asymmetric bilayers, small induced bending moments act to wrinkle the membrane and produce tension in the surface.4 Also, self-adherence of the membrane due to long-range attractive forces can cause the surface to wrinkle and to be stressed. In these situations, the unsupported vesicle maintains a weakly rigid spherical shape.
Some hysteresis in the area versus temperature curves is observed. At the (liquid)/(liquid-solid) boundary, Tmelt is 1°C above Tfreeze for heating and cooling rates of 0.5°C/min and increases to 2°C for higher rates of temperature change. At the (solid-liquid)/(solid) boundary, very little hysteresis is seen: Tmelt-Tfreeze 0.5°C.
The peptides were gracious gifts from Dr. R. Hodges, University of Alberta, provided through Dr. M. Bloom, University of British Columbia.
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Evans, E., Needham, D. (1987). Surface-Density Transitions, Surface Elasticity and Rigidity, and Rupture Strength of Lipid Bilayer Membranes. In: Meunier, J., Langevin, D., Boccara, N. (eds) Physics of Amphiphilic Layers. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83202-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83202-4_6
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