Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Self-Disclosure and Help-Seeking as Determinants of Vulnerability: Case Studies of Unemployed from Social-Psychiatric Services and Recommendations for Health and Social Policy

  • Chapter
Unemployment, Social Vulnerability, and Health in Europe

Part of the book series: Health Systems Research ((HEALTH))

Abstract

The present chapter examines the connection between mass unemployment ensuing from an economic crisis and the growing psychosocial need for help for those population groups directly and indirectly affected. In particular those psychological mechanisms and their preconditions which motivate, facilitate, hinder, or prevent the utilization of professional help will be considered. I limit myself here to two aspects, self-disclosure and help-seeking, among many in the process of attempting to cope with unemployment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahr PR, Gorodezky MJ, Cho DW (1981) Measuring the relationship of public psychiatric admissions to rising unemployment. Hosp Community Psychiatry 32: 398–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby (1985) The long-term unemployed. Action for a forgotten million. National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) London

    Google Scholar 

  • Banziger G, Smith RK, Foos D (1982) Economic indicators of mental health service utilization in rural Appalachia. Am J Community Psychol 10: 669–686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barling P, Handal P (1980) Incidence of utilization of public mental health facilities as a function of short term economic decline. Am J Community Psychol 8: 31–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner MH (1973) Mental illness and the economy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkmann C (1976) Finanzielle und psycho-soziale Belastungen während der Arbeitslosigkeit. Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung 9: 397–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz W, Gmür W, Höfer R, Straus F (1984) Lebenswelt und Familienwirklichkeit. Studien zur Praxis der Familienberatung. Campus, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss TF, Redburn FS Waldron J (1983) Mass unemployment. Plant closings and community mental health. Sage, Beverly Hills

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalano R, Dooley D (1977) Economic predictors of depressed mood and stressful life events in a metropolitan community. J Health Soc Behav 18: 292–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catalano R, Dooley D (1979) The economy as a stressor: a sectoral analysis. Rev Soc Economy 37: 175–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catalano R, Dooley D (1980) Economic change in primary prevention. In: Price RH, Ketterer RF, Bader BC (eds) Prvention in community mental health: research, policy and practice. Sage, Beverly Hills, pp 21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalano R, Dooley D, Jackson R (1981) Economic predictors of admissions to mental health facilities in a nonmetropolitan community. J Health Soc Behav 24: 284–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordes C (1983) Detroit. A ravaged city copes with the human toll. APA Monitor 14(1): 3, 17

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (1985) Study on “The psychological and social consequences of unemployment-especially long-term and repeated unemployment-on the individual and the family: measures taken or contemplated in the social field.” Report by the Study Group of the Steering Committee for Social Affairs (CDSO), Strasbourg (CDSO (85) 28 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Cozby PC (1973) Self-disclosure. A literature review. Psychol Bull 79: 73–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford R (1977) You are dangerous to your health: the ideology and politics of victim blaming. Int J Health Sery 7: 663–685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DePaulo B, Nadler MA, Fisher JD (eds) (1983) New directions in helping, vol 2: Help-Seeking. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilling H, Weyerer S (1984) Psychische Erkrankungen in der Bevölkerung. Enke, Stuttgart Dohrenwend BS (1978) Social stress and community. Am J Community Psychol 6: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend BP, Dohrenwend BS, Gould MS, Link B, Neugebauer R, Wunsch-Hitzig R (1980) Mental illness in the United States. Praeger, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley D, Catalano R (1977) Money and mental disorder: toward behavioral cost accounting for primary prevention. Am J Community Psych 5: 217–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dooley D, Catalano R (1980) Economic change as a cause of behavioral disorder. Psychol Bull 87: 450–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dooley D, Catalano R (1985a) Does economic change increase mental disorder? In: Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp 57–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley, D, Catalano R (1985b) Why the economy predicts help-seeking: a test of competing explanations: In: Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp 205–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Dooley D, Catalano R, Jackson R, Brownell A (1981) Economic, life, and symptom changes in a nonmetropolitan community. J Health Soc Behav 22: 144–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferman L, Gordus L (eds) (1979) Mental health and the economy. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Michigan

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueira-McDonough J (1978) Mental health among unemployed Detroiters. Soc Sery Rev 52: 383–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay-Jones R, Eckhardt B (1982) A survey of psychiatric disorder among the young unemployed of Canberra (final report). Report submitted to the Research and Development Grants Advisory Committee, Australian Department of Health

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher JD, Nadler A, Whitcher-Alagna S (1982) Recipients’ reactions to aid. Psychol Bull 91: 27–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank J (1981) Economic change and mental health in an uncontaminated setting. Am J Community Psych 9: 395–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frese M, Mohr G (1978) Die psychopathologischen Folgen des Entzugs von Arbeit: der Fall der Arbeitslosigkeit. In: Frese M, Greif S, Semmer N ( 1978 ) Industrielle Psychopathologie. Huber, Bern, pp 282–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey JJ (1982) Unemployment and health in the United States. Br Med J 284: 1112–1113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodstein LD, Reinecker VM (1974) Factors affecting self-disclosure: a review of the literature. In: Maher BA (ed) Progress in experimental personality research. New York, pp 49–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Gourash N (1978) Help-seeking: a review of the literature. Am J Community Psychol 6: 413–423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross AE, Wallston BS, Piliavin I (1979) Reactance, attribution, equity, and the help recipient. J Appl Soc Psychol 9: 297–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Häfner H, Reimann H, Immich H, Martini H (1969) Inzidenz seelischer Erkrankungen in Mannheim 1965. Soc Psychiatry 4: 126–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz WR, Krüger H, Rettke U, Wachtveitl E, Witzei A (1985) Hauptsache eine Lehrstelle. Jugendliche vor den Hürden des Arbeitsmarktes. Beltz, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofbauer H, Dadzio W (1982) Die Wirksamkeit von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Vermittlungsaussichten für Arbeitslose nach § 41 a AFG. Mitteilungen für Arbeitsmarkt-und Berufsforschung 15: 426–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingshead AB, Redlich FC (1958) Social class and mental illness. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen K (1974) Unemployment and dismissal as disease producing factors. Ugeskr Laeger 136: 1650–1652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janlert U (1985) Unemployment and health. In: Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp 7–26

    Google Scholar 

  • John J, Schwefel D, Zöllner H (eds) (1983) Influence of economic instability on health. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Jourard SM (1964) The transparent self. Litton, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner AD, Coyne JC, Schaefer C, Lazarus RS (1981) Comparisons of two modes of stress measurement: daily hassles and uplifts vs major life events. J Behav Med 4: 1–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan BH, Cassel JC, Gore S (1977) Social support and health. Med Care 15 (Suppl 5): 47–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1984) Arbeitslosigkeit, Gesellschaftsbewußtsein und kollektive Interessenorientierung. In: Moser H, Preiser S (eds) Umweltprobleme und Arbeitslosigkeit. Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen an die Politische Psychologie (Fortschritte der Politischen Psychologie, vol. 4 ). Beltz, Weinheim, pp 120–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T ( 1985a) The contribution of psychology to the realm of unemployment in the community: intervention and research concepts. In: Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp 367–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1985b) Arbeitslosigkeit, Selbsteröffnung und Hilfesuchverhalten. In: Keupp H, Kleiber D, Scholten B (eds) Im Schatten der Wende. Helferkrisen-Arbeitslosigkeit-Berufliche Rehabilitation. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie ( DGVT ), Tübingen, pp 122–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1985c) Die gesellschaftliche Verarbeitung von Massenarbeitslosigkeit: Gesundheits-und sozialpolitische Konsequenzen aus der Arbeitslosenforschung. Theorie und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit 36: 122–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T ( 1985d) Funktion und Perspektiven psychosozialer Intervention bei Arbeitslosen. In: Kieselbach T, Wacker A (eds) Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Kosten der Massenarbeitslosigkeit-Psychologische Theorie und Praxis. Beltz, Weinheim, pp 352–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T ( 1985e) Jugend-ein Risikofaktor? Gesundheits-und sozialpolitische Konsequenzen aus der Forschung zur Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Psychosozial no 27 (Jugend ohne Arbeit). Rowohlt, Reinbek, pp 49–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1986) Hilfesuchen von Arbeitslosen und Folgerungen für die Konzipierung psychosozialer Interventionen. Paper presented at the Congress of clinical psychology and psychotherapy, 16–21 February 1986, Berlin (West )

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1987a) Gesellschaftliche Rezeption von Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitslosenforschung. Politikberatung im Bereich Gesundheits-und Sozialpolitik. In: Löset H, Skowronek H (eds) Beiträge der Psychologie zu politischen Planungs-und Entscheidungsprozessen (Fortschritte der Politischen Psychologie, vol 7 ). Psychologie-Verlags-Union, München (forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1987b) Youth unemployment: health consequences and recommendations for psychosocial interventions (Desempleo juvenil: effectos de salud mental y recomendaciones para las intervenciones psico-sociales con los desempleados). In: Torregrosa JR, Bergere J, Alvaro JL (eds) Youth, work and unemployment ( Juventud, trabajo y desempleo) Ministerio de Cultura, Madrid (forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T ( 1988a) A regional approach for the improvement of the psychosocial situation of the unemployed-the regional working group Unemployment and Health Bremen (FRG). In: Cullen JA, Svensson PG, Wintersberger H (eds) Unemployment, poverty and quality of working life-innovative interventions to counteract damaging health effects. European Centre for Social Welfare and Training, Vienna (forthcoming )

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T (1988b) Hilfesuchverhalten von Arbeitslosen im Sozialpsychiatrischen Dienst. Research report, University of Bremen (forthcoming )

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T, Offe H (1979) Psychologische, gesundheitliche, soziale und politische Probleme als Folge von Arbeitslosigkeit-ein kritischer Literaturüberblick. In: Kieselbach T, Offe H (eds) Arbeitslosigkeit-individuelle Verarbeitung und gesellschaftlicher Hintergrund. Steinkopff, Darmstadt, pp 7–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T, Schindler H (1984) Psychosoziale Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosigkeit und Hindernisse für eine Aktivierung Arbeitsloser. Bericht Über ein Seminar mit arbeitslosen Gewerkschaftern. Bremer Beitrüge zur Psychologie no 32, University of Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T, Svensson, PG (1987) Health policy development in Europe in response to economic instability. In Dooley D, Catalano R (eds) Social costs of economic stress. Journal of Social Issues (forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieselbach T, Wacker A (1985) Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Kosten der Massenarbeitslosigkeit-Psychologische Theorie und Praxis. Beltz, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Klink F, Schemer E (1986) Arbeitslos-am Ende steht der Sozialpsychiatrische Dienst? Bremer Beitrüge zur Psychologie no 58, University of Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Kupka, P, Schemer E (1987) “Damals gab es Suppenküchen, heute gibt es Bildungsurlaub!” Bericht über Seminare “Arbeitslos, aber nicht wehrlos!” der DGB-Beratungsstelle für Arbeitslose Bremen. Paper presented at the Congress of clinical psychology and psychotherapy, 16–21 February 1986, Berlin (West). Bremer Beitrüge zur Psychologie no 68, University of Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibfried S (1982) Wirklich bedürftig oder nur verelendet? Notizen zur US-amerikanischen Armutspolitik. Theorie und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit 6: 209–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Liem R (1981) Unemployment and mental health implications for human service policy. Policy Studies 10: 350–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liem R (1983) Reconsidering the concept of social victim: the case of unemployment. Unpublished paper presented at the annual meeting of the American psychological association, August 1983, Anaheim, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Liem R, Liem J (1979) Social support and stress: some general issues and their application to the problem of unemployment. In: Ferman L, Gordus J (eds) Mental health and the economy. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Michigan, pp 347–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Liem R, Rayman P (1982) Health and social costs of unemployment-research and policy considerations. Am Psychol 37: 1116–1123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean ME (1977) Learning theory and chronic welfare dependency: a hypothesis of etiological and contingency relationships. J Behav Therapy Exp Psychiatry 8: 255–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawson T (1986) Ausbildung von Langzeitarbeitslosen. Soziales Europa, May 1986, pp 86–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic D (1969) Mental health and social policy. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic D (ed) (1982) Symptoms, illness behavior, and help-seeking. Watson Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan S (1986) Seminar über Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit. Soziales Europa, May 1986, pp 89–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses J (1981) Arbeitslosigkeit-ein Problem der Volksgesundheit. Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers JK, Roberts BH (1959) Family and class dynamics in mental illness. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Popay J (1985) Responding to unemployment at a local level. In: Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp 383–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport J (1981) In praise of paradox: a social policy of empowerment over prevention. Am J Community Psychol 9: 1–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rayman P (1980) The social costs of urban economic dislocation: job loss in Hartford’s Aircraft Industry. Unpublished paper, Brandeis University

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayman P (1982) The world of not-working: an evaluation of urban social service response to unemployment. J Health Hum Resources Administration 4: 319–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Regionale Arbeitsgemeinschaft “Arbeitslosigkeit und Gesundheit” Bremen (1986) Gesundheitsund sozialpolitische Forderungen zur Verbesserung der psychosozialen Lage Arbeitsloser in der Region. University of Bremen, Research Unit “Work, Unemployment and Personality Development”. Bremer Beitrüge zur Psychologie no 55, University of Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Riegle DW (1982) Psychological and social effects of unemployment. Am Psychol 37: 1113–1115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riessman F, Scribner S (1965) The utilization of mental health services by workers and low-income groups: causes and cures. Am J Psychiatry 121: 798–801

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rostila I (1985) Arbeitslosigkeit als Lebenslage im Lebensverlauf. In: Kieselbach T, Wacker A (eds) Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Kosten der Massenarbeitslosigkeit-Psychologische Theorie und Praxis. Beltz, Weinheim, pp 84–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan W (1971) Blaming the victim. Pantheon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Salovaara H (1984) Methods of activation and support of the unemployed. J Community Health Care 62: 318–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Sclar E, Hoffman F (1978) Planning mental health service for a declining economy. Research final report, National Center for Health Services, Report Grant 3 Rol HS 02266–01

    Google Scholar 

  • Seabrook J (1981) Unemployment now and in the 1930’s. In: Crick B (ed) Unemployment. Methuen, London, pp 7–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Seabrook J (1982) Unemployment. Quartet, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Senior B, Cordon R (1982) How far can resource exchange networks be alternatives to employment and unemployment? Unpublished paper presented at the British Psychological Society’s occupational psychology section conference, January 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnen FR (1983) Beratung in Not. Die Reichen werden reicher-die Armen immer ärmer-auch bei uns? Unsere Jugend 35: 335–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Spruit IP (1983) To be employed, to be unemployed and health in families in Leiden. In: Spruit IP (ed) Unemployment, employment and health. University of Leiden Press, Leiden, pp 137–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Srole L, Langner TS, Michael ST, Opler MD, Rennie TA (1962) Mental health in metropolis: the Midtown Manhattan study, vol 1. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomann KD (1978) Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosigkeit. In: Wacker A (ed) Vom Schock zum Fatalismus? Soziale und psychische Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosigkeit. Campus, Frankfurt, pp 194–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomann KD (1983) The effects of unemployment on health and public awareness of this in the Federal Republic of Germany. In: John J, Schwefel D, Zöllner H (eds) Influence of economic instability on health. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 480–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessler RC, Schwartz SH (1972) Help-seeking, self-esteem, and achievement motivation: an attributional analysis. J Personality Soc Psychol 21: 318–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiffany DW, Cowan JR, Tiffany PM (1970) The unemployed. A social-psychological portrait. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Unemployment and health study group (1984) (ed) Unemployment, health and social policy. Report on a seminar, Nov. 1983. Nuffield Centre for Health Services Studies, Leeds

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacker A (ed) (1978) Vom Schock zum Fatalismus? Soziale und psychische Auswirkungen der Arbeitslosigkeit. Campus, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacker A (1983) Differentielle Verarbeitungsformen von Arbeitslosigkeit. Probleme des Klassenkampfs 13 (53): 77–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr PB (1984a) Job loss, unemployment and psychological well-being. In: Allen VL, van de Vliert E (eds) Role transitions. Plenum, New York, pp 263–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr PB (1984b) Economic recession and mental health: a review of research. J Community Health Care 62: 298–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Warr PB, Jackson P, Banks M (1985) The experience of unemployment among black and white urban teenagers. Br J Psychol 76: 75–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiland R (1933) Die Kinder der Arbeitslosen. Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Archivs für Jugendwohlfahrt no 11, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss CH (1969) Validity of welfare mothers’ responses. Public Opinion Q 32: 622–633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westcott G, Svensson PG, Zöllner HFK (eds) (1985) Health policy implications of unemployment. World Health Organization, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Windolf P (1982) Arbeitslosigkeit heute, Grauzonenbeschäftigung und informeller Sektor. Die neue Arbeitslosigkeit und die Grenzen der Sozialpolitik. Soziale Welt 33: 365–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Winfield I (1981) Psychology and centres for the unemployed-challenge or chimera? Bull Br Psychol Soc 34: 353–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann W (1980) Die neuen Ausbeuter. Seewald, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Wulff E (1985) Materielles Elend, soziale Not und seelisches Leid. In: Keupp H, Kleiber D, Scholten B (eds) Im Schatten der Wende. Helferkrisen-Arbeitslosigkeit-Berufliche Rehabilitation. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie (DGVT), Tübingen, pp 72–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Zola J (1964) Illness behavior of the working class. In: Shostak A, Gomberg W (eds) Blue-collar world: studies of the American worker. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp 351–361

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. T. Kieselbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. MEDIS — Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Systemforschung, Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-8042, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    Detlef Schwefel

  2. Region Office for Europe, World Health Organization, 8, Scherfigsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen ø, Denmark

    Per-Gunnar Svensson Ph.D. (Scientist, Health Research) & Herbert Zöllner Ph.D. (Regional Officer for Health Economics) (Scientist, Health Research) &  (Regional Officer for Health Economics)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kieselbach, T. (1987). Self-Disclosure and Help-Seeking as Determinants of Vulnerability: Case Studies of Unemployed from Social-Psychiatric Services and Recommendations for Health and Social Policy. In: Schwefel, D., Svensson, PG., Zöllner, H. (eds) Unemployment, Social Vulnerability, and Health in Europe. Health Systems Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83112-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83112-6_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17867-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83112-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation