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Pulmonary Blood Flow and Blood Volume During Positive Pressure Ventilation

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Update 1987

Part of the book series: Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((UICM,volume 3))

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Abstract

Flow and pressure in the systemic and pulmonary circulation are affected by two types of changes in airway pressure: a static type applied for a relatively long time like positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and a dynamic type of rise and fall during each ventilatory cycle. In both types, the increase in airway pressure will increase intrathoracic and central venous pressure. Consequently, a decrease in venous return occurs [1–8]. However, for both types, the same rise in airway pressure will not have the same quantitative effect, because during PEEP two additional control mechanisms are involved. A lung stretch reflex is increasing the negative effects of central venous pressure on flow and arterial blood pressure [8–10], and control mechanisms elicited by baroreceptor activity are compensating for these negative effects [8, 11]. During a ventilatory cycle, the time of rise and fall in airway pressure is too short to elicit these neurogenic and humoral control mechanisms. Changes in circulation during a ventilatory cycle, therefore, will be mainly due to direct mechanical effects.

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Authors
  1. A. Versprille
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean Louis Vincent (Assistant-Director) (Assistant-Director)

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© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Versprille, A. (1987). Pulmonary Blood Flow and Blood Volume During Positive Pressure Ventilation. In: Vincent, J.L. (eds) Update 1987. Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83042-6_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83042-6_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17576-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83042-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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