Abstract
The panel method technique for solving fluid dynamic problems was perhaps the earliest example of what has subsequently been designated a boundary element method. It began in the 1950’s with two-dimensional and axisymmetric methods. For the last twenty years development has concentrated on three-dimensional problems, and various investigators have formulated panel methods that apply to ever more complicated flow situations and especially ever more complex geometries.
This paper is a general review of this development, including a comparison of the various formulations and the way they treat certain aspects of the flow problem, e.g. the Kutta condition, matrix solution, etc. After describing the theoretical aspects, examples of design applications will be given that illustrate the use of the method under a variety of circumstances. Comparisons of calculation and experiment will be presented where possible. Complicated three-dimensional problems involve considerable difficulty in generating the geometric input and in interpreting the calculated output. Recent advances in computer graphics to alleviate these difficulties will be shown.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rankine, H. (1871) On the Mathematical Theory of Streamlines, Especially Those with Four Foci and Upwards. Phil. Trans.
Von Karman, T. (1930) Calculation of Pressure Distribution on Airship Hulls, NACA TM 574.
Hess, J.L. (1985) The Unsuitability of Ellipsoids as Test Cases for Line-Source Methods. Journal of Aircraft, 22, 4:346–7.
Lamb, H. (1932) Hydrodynamics. Cambridge University Press.
Smith, A.M.O. and Pierce, J. (1958) Exact Solution of the Neumann Problem. Calculation of Plane and Axially Symmetric Flows About or Within Arbitrary Boundaries. Proceed. of 3rd U. S. National Congress of Appl. Mech.: 807–815.
Young, A.D. and Owen, P.R. (1943) A Simplified Theory for Streamline Bodies of Revolution and Its Application to the Development of High-Speed Low-Drag Shapes. British R and M No. 2071.
Hess, J.L. (1962) Calculation of Potential Flow About Bodies of Revolution Having Axes Perpendicular to the Free-Stream Direction. J. of the Aerospace Sci., 29, 6: 726–742.
Hess, J.L. and Smith, A.M.O. (1966) Calculation of Potential Flow About Arbitrary Bodies. Progress in Aeronautical Science, Vol, 8, Pergamon Press, New York:l-138.
Davenport, F.J. (1963) Singularity Solutions to General Potential Flow Airfoil Problems. Boeing Airplane Co. Rept. No. D6–7202.
Giesing, J.P. (1964) Extension of the Douglas Neumann Program to Problems of Lifting Infinite Cascades. Douglas Aircraft Co. Rept. No. LB-31653.
Hess, J.L. and Smith, A.M.O. (1964) Calculation of Nonlifting Potential Flow About Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Bodies. J. of Ship Res., 8, 2: 22–44.
Hess, J.L. (1986) Review of the Source Panel Approach for Flow Computation. Innovative Methods in Engineering (Eds. R.P. Shaw, et al.), Springer-Verlag, New York.
Labrujere, T.E., Loeve, W. and Slooff, J.W. (1971) An Approximate Method for the Calculation of the Pressure Distribution of Wing-Body Combinations at Subcritical Speeds. AGARD Conf. Proceed. No. 71, Aerodynamic Interference, Washington D.C.
Hess, J.L. (1974) The Problem of Three-Dimensional Lifting Flow and Its Solution by Means of Surface Singularity Distribution. Computer Meth. in Appl. Mech. and Eng. 4, 3: 283–219.
Hess, J.L. (1980) A Higher-order Panel Method for Three-Dimensional Potential Flow. Proceed. of the 7th Australasian Conf. on Hydraulics and Fluid Mech., Brisbane.
Magnus, A.B. and Epton, M.E. (1980) PANAIR - A Computer Program for Predicting Subsonic and Supersonic Linear Potential Flow About Arbitrary Configurations Using a Higher-Order Panel Method. NASA CR-3251.
Coopersmith, R.M., Youngren, H.H. and Bouchard, E.E. (1981) Quadrilateral Element Panel Method (QUADPAN). Lockheed Calif. LR 29671.
Maskew, B. (1982) Prediction of Subsonic Aerodynamic Characteristics: A Case for Low-Order Panel Methods. J. of Aircraft, 19, 2: 157–163.
Hawk, J.D. and Bristow, D.R. (1983) Subsonic Surface Panel Method for Analysis and Wing Design. McDonnell Douglas Rept. No. McAir 83–003.
Margason, R.J., Kjelgaard, S.O., Sellers, W.L., Morris, C.E., Walkey, K.B. and Shields, E.W. (1985) Subsonic Panel Methods–A Comparison of Several Production Codes. AIAA Paper No. 85–0280.
Strang, W.Z., Berdahl, C.H., Nutley, E.L. and Murn, A.J.. (1985) Evaluation of Four Panel Aerodynamic Prediction Methods (MCAERO, PanAir, Quadpan and VSAERO). AIAA Paper No. 85–4092.
Walters, M.W., et al. (1985) Aerodynamic Analysis Using Panel Methods. AIAA Professional Study Series, Colorado Springs.
Clark, R.W. (1985) A New Iterative Matrix Solution Procedure for Three-Dimensional Panel Methods. AIAA Paper No. 85–0176.
Cebeci, T. (1985) Calculation of Boundary-Layer Flows with Separation. Proceed. of the Osaka Intern. Coll. on Ship Viscous Flow, Osaka.
Chang, K.C., Alemdaroglu, N., Mehta, U. and Cebeci, T. (1987) Further Comparisons of Interactive Boundary-Layer and Thin-Layer Navier-Stokes Procedures. AIAA Paper No. 87-0430.
Valarezo, W.O. and Hess, J.L. (1986) Time-Averaged Subsonic Propeller Flowfield Calculations. AIAA Paper No. 86-1807-CP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hess, J.L. (1988). Development and Application of Panel Methods. In: Cruse, T.A. (eds) Advanced Boundary Element Methods. International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83003-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83003-7_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-83005-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-83003-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive