Abstract
New observations are reported for the heavy-fermion superconductors CeCu2Si2, UBe13 and UPt3. These results are discussed with respect to the following issues: (i) the competition between different cooperative phenomena in CeCu2Si2; (ii) the question whether the whole Fermi surface contributes to the superconducting transition in the three compounds; (iii) the nature of the superconducting order parameter. Taking into account more published data for these systems, we can delineate the present status of the field: CeCu2Si2 behaves as a singlet superconductor with possibly anisotropic Cooper pairing. UPt3 appears to possess an anisotropic order parameter, either of the singlet or triplet type. No definite conclusions can yet be drawn for Ube13, mainly because its superconducting properties are severely modified by field and temperature dependences of the normal- state parameters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
For an early report, see: F. Steglich, J. Aarts, C.D. Bredl, W. Lieke, D. Meschede, W. F.anz and H. Schafer: J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 15–18, 889 (1980)
For a recent review, see: G.R. Stewart: Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 755 (1984)
R.J. Trainor, M.B. Brodsky and H.V. Culbert: Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1019 (1975)
K. Andres, J.E. Graebner and H.R. Ott: Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1779 (1975)
Y. Onuki, Y. Shimizu and T. Komatsubara: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53, 1210 (1984) G. R. Stewart, Z. Fisk and M. Wire: Phys. Rev. B30, 482 (1984) H. R. Ott, H. Rudigier, Z. Fisk, J.O. Willis and G.R. Stewart: Solid State Commun. 53, 235 (1985)
U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Gottwick, U. Ahlheim, H.M. Mayer and F. Steglich: J. Less Common Metals, in press
R.J. Trainor, M.B. Brodsky, B.D. Dunlap and G.K. Shenoy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1511 (1976)
B. Barbara, J.X. Boucherle, J.L. Buevoz, M.F. Rossignol and J. Schweizer: Solid State Commun. 24, 481 (1977) C.D. Bredl, F. Steglich and K.D. Schotte: Z. Phys. B29, 327 (1978)
K. Winzer and W. Felsch: J. Phys. (Paris) 39, C6–832 (1978) T. Komatsubara, T. Suzuki, M. Kawakami, S. Kunii, T. Fujita, Y. Ishika- wa, A. Takase, K. Kojima, M. Suzuki, Y. Aoki, K. Takegahara and T. Kasuya: Ref. 1, p. 963
H.R. Ott, H. Rudigier, P. Delsing and Z. Fisk: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1551 (1984)
Z. Fisk, G.R. Stewart, J.O. Willis, H.R. Ott and F. Hulliger: Phys. Rev. B30, 6360 (1984)
F. Steglich, J. Aarts, C.D. Bredl, W. Lieke,D. Meschede, W. Franz and H. SchSfer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1892 (1979)
U. Rauchschwalbe, W. Lieke, C.D. Bredl, F. Steglich, J. Aarts, K.M. Martini and A.C. Mota: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1448 (1982)
H.R. Ott, H. Rudigier, Z. Fisk and J.L. Smith: Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1595 (1983)
G.R. Stewart, Z. Fisk, J.O. Willis and J.L. Smith: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 679 (1984)
B. Batlogg, J.P. Remeika, A.S. Cooper and Z. Fisk: J. Appl. Phys. 55, 2001 (1984) B. Batlogg, J.P. Remeika, A.S. Cooper, G.R. Stewart, Z. Fisk and J.O. Willis: J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 47amp; 48, 42 (1985)
U. Rauchschwalbe, W. Baus, S. Horn, H. Spille, F. Steglich, F.R. de Boer, J. Aarts, W. Assmus and M. Herrmann: J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 47& 48, 33 (1985)
C.D. Bredl, H. Spille, U. Rauchschwalbe, W. Lieke, F. Steglich, G. Cordier, W. Assmus, M. Herrmann and J. Aarts: J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 31–34 373 (1983)
C.D. Bredl, S. Horn, F. Steglich, B. Lathi and R.M. Martin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1982 (1984)
H. Razafimandimby, P. Fulde and J. Keller: Z. Phys. B54, 111 (1984) N. d’Ambrumenil and P. Fulde: Ref. 17, p. 1
C.M. Varma: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 29, 404 (1984); Comments in Solid State Physics, in press
H.R. Ott, H. Rudigier, T.M. Rice, K. Ueda, Z. Fisk and J.L. Smith: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1915 (1984)
P.W. Anderson: Phys. Rev. B30, 4000 (1984)
O. Vails and Z. Tesanovic: Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 477 (1984)
M. Tachiki and S. Maekawa: Phys. Rev. B29, 2497 (1984)
N. Grewe, Z. Phys. B56, 111 (1984)
K. Miyake, T. Matsuura, H. Jichu and J. Nagaoka: Progr. Theor. Phys. 72, 1063 (1984)
F.J. Ohkawa and H. Fukuyama: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53, 4344 (1984)
A.W. Overhauser and J. Appel: Phys. Rev. B31 193 (1985)
T. Oguchi, A.J. Freeman and G.W. Crabtree: preprint (1985)
G.W. Hull, J.H. Wernick, Т.Н. Geballe, J.V. Waszcak and J.E. Bernardi- ni: Phys. Rev. B24, 6715 (1981)
W. Lieke, U. Rauchschwalbe, C.D. Bredl, F. Steglich, J. Aarts and F.R. de Boer: J. Appl. Phys. 53, 2111 (1982)
F.G. Aliev, N.B. Brandt, V.V. Moshchalkov and S.M. Chudinov: Solid State Commun. 45, 215 (1983)
G.R. Stewart, Z. Fisk and J.O. Willis: Phys. Rev. B28, 172 (1983)
Z. Kletowski: J. Less Common Metals 95, 127 (1983)
F.G. Aliev, N.B. Brandt, V.V. Moshchalkov and S.M. Chudinov: J. Low Temp. Phys. 57, 61 (1984)
Here, a bulk modulus В = 1.1 • 103 kbar for CeCu2Si2 was used, see: I.L. Spain, F. Steglich, U. Rauchschwalbe and H.D. Hochheimer: Proc. Xth AIRAPT Conference, Amsterdam (1985); Physica B, in press
W. Assmus, M. Herrmann, U. Rauchschwalbe, S.Riegel, W. Lieke, H. S.il-le, S. Horn, G. Weber, F. Steglich and G. Cordier: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 469 (1984)
H. Spille, U. Rauchschwalbe and F. Steglich, Helv. Phys. Acta 56, 165 (1983)
S. Doniach: Physica 91B, 231 (1977) M. Lavagna, C. Lacroix and M. Cyrot: Phys. Lett. 90 A, 210 (1982)
A more complex Tc(p) dependence for p ≳ 20 kbar was recently reported by B. Bellarbi, A. Benoit, D. Jaccard, J.M. Mignot and H.F. Braun: Phys. Rev. B30, 1182 (1984)
M. Ishikawa, H.F. Braun and J.L. Jorda: Phys. Rev. B27, 3092 (1983)
W. Baus: Diploma Thesis, TH Darmstadt (1985), unpublished
C.D. Bredl, W. Lieke, R. Schefzyk, M. Lang, U. Rauchschwalbe, F. Steglich, S. Riegel, R. Felten, G. Weber, J. Klaasse, J. Aarts and F.R. de Boer: Ref. 17, p. 30
The χ(T)-reSults on “stoichiometric” single crystals grown by other techniques are similar to those in Fig. 2b, see Ref. 16 and Y. Onuki, Y. Furukawa and T. Komatsubara: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53, 2197 (1984). One should also note that such crystals show a large magnetoresistivity, which is almost absent in Cu-excess crystals [17]
ρ0-values for superconducting CeCu2Si2 single-crystal and polycrystal- line samples range between 3.5 µΩcm [13] and 60 µΩcm [38], while for non-super conducting ones ρ0 ≳ 100 liftcm [38]
J. Flouquet, J.C. Lasjaunias, J. Peyrard and M. Ribault: Ref. 32, p. 2127
C.D. Bredl, N. Grewe, F. Steglich and E. Umlauf: Proc. Int. Conf. on Low Temperature Physics, LT 17, U. Eckern, A. Schmid, W. Weber, H. Wühl, eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam (1984),p. 327
F. Steglich, C.D. Bredl, W. Lieke, U. Rauchschwalbe and G. Sparn: Physica 126В, 82 (1984)
D. Jaccard and J. Flouquet: Ref. 17, p. 45
T. Fujita, T. Satoh, Y. Onuki and T. Komatsubara: Ref. 17, p. 66
F. Steglich, U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Gottwick, H.M. Mayer, G. Sparn, N. Grewe, U. Poppe and J.J.M. Franse: J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3054 (1985)
R.M. Martin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 362 (1982)
The Schottky-type anomaly at elevated temperatures is not compatible with the crystal-field level scheme of three Kramers doublets at OK, 140K and 36ОК (curve a) as derived from neutron-scattering results [S. Horn, E. Holland-Moritz, M. Loewenhaupt, F. Steglich, H. Scheuer, A. Benoit and J. Flouquet: Phys. Rev. B23,3171 (1981)]. Rather, it suggests [44] a scheme of three doublets at OK, 36OK and 36OK (curve b), similar to what was recently deduced from the anisotropy of the static bulk susceptibility [Y. Onuki, T. Hirai, T. Komatsubara, S. Takayanagi, A. Sumiyama, A. Furukawa, Y. Oda and H. Nagano: see Ref. 61; S. Maekawa, S. Kashiba, S. Takahashi and M. Tachiki: these proceedings]
H.U. Degranges and K.D. Schotte: Phys. Lett. 91A, 240 (1982)
For a treatment of crystal-field split Ce3+ ions, see: N. Kawakami and A. Okiji: these proceedings
G. Sparn, W. Lieke, U. Gottwick, F. Steglich and N. Grewe: Ref. 17, p. 521
J.J.M. Franse, A. Menovsky, A. de Visser, C.D. Bredl, U. Gottwick, W. Lieke, H.M. Mayer, U. Rauchschwalbe, G. Sparn and F. Steglich: Z. Phys. B59, 15 (1985)
H.M. Mayer, U. Rauchschwalbe, C.D. Bredl, F. Steglich, H. Rietschel, H. Schmidt and H. Wiihl: Phys. Rev. B, submitted The specific heat of UBe13 at finite B-field has also been determined by H.R. Ott, H. Rudigier, E. Felder, Z. Fisk and J.L. Smith: preprint (1985)
D. Jaccard, J. Flouquet, P. Lejay and J.L. Tholence: Ref. 52, p. 3082
F. Steglich, U. Ahlheim, J.J.M. Franse, N. Grewe, D. Rainer and U. Rauchschwalbe: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Crystal Field Effects, ICCF5, Sendai (1985), T. Kasuya, ed.; J. Magn. Magn. Mat., in press
B. Lüthi, M. Herrmann, W. Assmus, H. Schmidt, H. Rietschel, H. Wühl, U. Gottwick, G. Sparn and F. Steglich: Z. Phys. B, in press
The T2-dependence in CS(T) of UPt3 was found to hold even to somewhat lower temperatures with a ys-value being about two times smaller compared to that in Fig. 6b; see: A. Sulpice, J. Gandit, J. Chaussy, J. Flouquet, D. Jaccard, P. Lejay and J.L. Tholence, to be published
J. Sticht and J. Kübler: Solid State Commun. 54, 389 (1985)
J.W. Chen, S.E. Lambert, M.B. Maple, Z. Fisk, J.L. Smith, G.R. Stewart and J.O. Willis: Phys. Rev. B30, 1583 (1984)
A. de Visser, J.J.M. Franse, A. Menovsky, T.T.M. Palstra: J. Phys. F. 14, L191 (1984)
T. Jarlborg, H.F. Braun and M. Peter: Z. Phys. В52, 295 (1983)
G,E. Volovik and L.P. Gor’kov: ZhETF, in press
K. Ueda and T.M. Rice: Phys. Rev. B31, 71 1 4 (1985)
H. Keiber, C. Geibel, B. Renker, H. Rietschel, H. Schmidt, H.Wiihl, G.R. Stewart: Phys. Rev. B30, 2542 (1984)
U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Ahlheim, F. Steglich, D. Rainer and J.J.M. Franse: Z. Phys. B, in press
M.B. Maple, J.W. Chen, S.E. Lambert, Z. Fisk, J.L. Smith, H.R. Ott, J.S. Brooks and M.J. Naughton: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 477 (1985)
J.O. Willis, Z. Fisk, J.L. Smith, J.W. Chen, S.E. Lambert and M.B. Maple: see Ref. 48, p. 245
J.W. Chen, S.E. Lambert, M.B. Maple, M.J. Naughton, J.S. Brooks, Z. Fisk, J.L. Smith and H.R. Ott: see Ref. 52, p. 3076
E. Helfand and N.R. Werthamer: Phys. Rev. 147, 112 (1966) K. Maki: Phys. Rev. 148, 362 (1966)
K. Scharnberg and R.A. Klemm: Phys. Rev. B22, 5233 (1980)
G. Eilenberger in: Ferienkurs Supraleitung, Kernforschungsanlage Jiilich (1977), unpublished
K. Scharnberg and R.A. Klemm: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2445 (1985)
J. Aarts: PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam (1984), unpublished
A change of the crystal-field level scheme as discussed in [54] would result in peff close to 1.24uB, the effective moment of the cubic r7- doublet. This would lead to R(TC) = 1.4 and 1.3 for the single crystal and polycrystal, respectively. The corresponding b values of 2.8 (Fig. 11a), 3.0 (solid line in Fig. 11b) and 3.9 (dashed line in Fig. 11b) would still imply τso > τtr, where τso is spin-orbit scattering time and τtr the total transport scattering time
M. Tachiki, T. Koyama and S. Takahashi: these proceedings
R. Klemm and K. Scharnberg: Proc. Int. Conf. on Materials and Mechanisms in Superconductivity, Ames (1985), D.K. Finnemore, ed., in press
U. Poppe: Ref. 61
D. J. Bishop, C. M. Varma, B. Batlogg, E. Bucher, Z. Fisk and J. L. Smith: Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1009 (1984)
C. M. Varma: private communication (1985)
Y. Kitaoka, K. Ueda, T. Kohara, K. Asayama, Y. Onuki and T. Komatsu- bara: Ref. 61
D. E. MacLaughlin, Cheng Tien, W.G. Clark, M.D. Lan, Z. Fisk, J.L. Smith and H.R. Ott: Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1833 (1984)
U. Rauchschwalbe: unpublished results
J.P. Rodriguez: preprint (1985)
N. Grewe: Solid State Commun. 50, 19 (1984) see also, Y. Kuramoto: these proceedings
R. Mock and G. Guntherodt: J. Phys. С17, 5635 (1984)
F.J. Ohkawa: these proceedings
P.H. Frings, J.J.M. Franse, F.R. de Boer and A. Menovsky: Ref. 18, p. 240
G. Aeppli, E. Bucher and G. Shirane: preprint (1985) W.J.L. Buyers, J.K. Kjems and J.D. Garret: preprint (1985)
J.J.M. Franse, A. de Visser, A. Menovsky and P.H. Frings: Ref. 61
It should be noted that the lack of superconductivity even for x = 0.01 (A. de Visser, J.C.P. Klaasse, M. van Sprang, J.J.M. Franse and A. Menovsky: Proc. Int. Conf. on Magnetism, San Francisco (1985); to be published in J. Magn. Magn. Mat.) might exclusively be caused [15] by the Pd-derived reduction of the electronic mean free path. I wish to thank J.0. Willis for bringing this point to my attention
J.0. Willis, J.D. Thompson, Z. Fisk, A. de Visser, J.J.M. Franse and A. Menovsky: Phys. Rev. B31, 1654 (1985)
For a recent review, see: D. Vollhardt: Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 99 (1984)
T.M. Rice, K. Ueda, H.R. Ott and H. Rudigier: Phys. Rev. B31, 594 (1985)
W.F. Brinkman and T.M. Rice: Phys. Rev. B2, 4302 (1970)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Steglich, F. (1985). Heavy-Fermion Superconductivity: Experimental Status Report. In: Kasuya, T., Saso, T. (eds) Theory of Heavy Fermions and Valence Fluctuations. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 62. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82618-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82618-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82620-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82618-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive