Summary
The objectives of this review are to summarize and to evaluate the present state of knowledge concerning control algorithms for industrial robots (IR). In the past 15 years, there has been a confluance of research on this field and excellent results of general interest have been produced. However the wide practical application of the results is rather poor. One reason for the gap between research and industrial practice seems to be the lack of information as regards existing control concepts and corresponding areas of industrial applications. It is the aim of this survey paper to contribute to the efforts of closing this gap. Main subjects of investigation are models and closed-loop algorithms for positional and force control of IR. Other important topics such as dialog systems, command languages or sensor hardware can only marginally be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Pieper, D.L.: The kinematics of manipulators under Computer control. Stanford A.I., Res.Rep. Memo 72, Oct. (1968).
Whitney, D.E.: Resolved motion rate control of manipulators and human prostheses. IEEE Trans. Man Machine Systems (1969), pp. 47–53.
Paul, R.P.: Modeling trajectory calculation and servoina of a computer controlled arm. Rep. Stanford Artificial Intell. Lab. Stanford Univ. Memo. 177, Sept. (1972).
Luh, J.Y.S: An anatomy of industrial robots and their controls. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, Vol AC-28, (1983), No. 2, pp. 153–161.
Coiffet, P.: Les Robots, Modélisation et Commande (Bd. I ), Interaction avec l’Environnement. Hermes Publishing, France (1981).
Blume, C.; Dillmann, R.: Frei programmierbare Manipulatoren. Vogel-Verlag, Würzburg (1981).
Paul, R.P.: Robot manipulators: mathematics, programming and control. Cambridge, MA (USA): M.I.T. Press, (1981).
Steusloff, H. (ed.): Wege zu sehr. fortgeschrittenen Handhabungssystemen. Fachberichte Messen-Steuern-Regeln, Bd. 4, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1980).
Kuntze, H.-B.: Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen des Projektes ‘Sehr fortgeschrittene Handhabungssysteme’. FhG-Berichte (1981) No.1/2, pp. 30–36.
Büchsenschütz, B.; Grimm, R.; Rudolf, M.: Ein-/Ausgabe-Farbbildschirmsystem zur Bahnvorgabe. In [8].
Meisel, K.-H.; Steusloff, H.: Koordinatentransformation bei Industrierobotern, realisiert mit PEARL. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift (1982), No. 14.
Meisel, K.-H.: Programmierung und Führung von Roboterbewegungen. In [8].
Paul, R.P.: Manipulator cartasian path control. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-9, (1979), No. 11, pp. 702–711.
Taylor, R.H.: Planning and execution of straight line manipulator trajectories. IBM J. Res. and Dev. Vol. 23, (1979), No. 4, pp. 424–436.
Kuntze, H.-B.; Schill, W.: Methods for collision avoidance in computer controlled industrial robotics. Proc. 12th Intern. Symp. on Industrial Robots 6th,Int. Conf. on Ind. Robot. Techn., June 9–11 (1982) Paris.
Haass, U.; Kuntze, H.-B.; Schill, W.: A surveillance system for obstacle recognition and collision avoidance control. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Robot Vision and Sensory Controls, Stuttgart, 2–4 Nov. (1982).
Foith, J.P.: Intelligente Bildsensoren zum Sichten, Handhaben, Steuern und Regeln. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1982).
Luh, J.Y.S.; Yam, E.S.: Three-D vision for robotic systems. Proc. 1st Conf. on Robot Vision and Sensory Controls,April (1981), Stratford upon Avon, England.
Hirzinger, G.; Thiessen, C.: Roboter mit Kraft-Momenten-Fühlern. Regelungstechnische Praxis. Vol. 24 (1982), No. 2, pp. 25–40.
Bejczy, A.K.: Algorithmic formulation of control problems in Manipulation. Proc. 1975 Int. Conf. on Cyb. and Society,23–25. Sept. (1975), pp. t35–142.
Bejczy, A. K.: Issues in advanced automation of manipulator control. Proc. 1976 Joint Autom. Control Conf. Purdue Uni. Lafayette, July (1976), pp. 700–711.
Hirzinger, G.: Force feedback problems in robotics. Proc. Second IASTED Davos Intern. Symp. Davos, March (1982).
Hirzinger, G.: Direct digital robot control using a force-torque sensor. Proc. IFAC Symp. on Real Time Digital Control appl. Guadalajara (Mexico) Jan. (1983).
Nevins, J. L.; Whitney, D.E. et al.: A scientific approach to the design of computer controlled manipulators. Res. Rep. C.S. Draper Lab., Aug. (1974).
Bolle, H.: Externe Lagevermessung von Industrierobotern mittels Laser-Triangulation. In diesem Band.
Zimmermann, G.: Eigenschaften von optischen Wandlern zur Positionsvermessung. In [8].
Wu, C.-H.; Paul, R. P.: Resolved motion force control of robot manipulator. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC 12, (1982), No. 3, pp. 266–275.
Luh, J.Y.; M.W. Walker; Paul, R.P.: Resolved-acceleration control of mechanical manipulators. IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, Vol. AC-25, (1980), No. 3, pp. 468–474.
Krutko, P.D.; Popov, P.: Algorithms for direct control of manipulating robot movements. Engineering Cybernetics, Vol. 17 (1979), No. 5, pp. 23–32.
Bejczy, A.K.: Robot arm dynamics and control. Techn. memorandum 33–669 (NASA-CR-136 935) Jet Propulsion February (1974).
Liegeois, A.; Khalil, W.; et al.: Mathematical and computer models of interconnected mechanical systems. Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators, Warsaw, Sept. (1976).
Horn, B.K.P.; Raibert, M.H.: Configuration space control. M.I.T.Research Rep. No. AIM458, Dez. (1977).
Luh, J.I.S.; Lin, C.S.: Automatic generation of dynamic equations for mechanical manipulators. Proc. Joint Automatic Control Conf. Charlotteville, USA (1981).
Luh, J.I.S.;Walker, M.W.; Pau]., R.P.: On-line computational scheme for mechanical manipulators. Trans. of ASME, J. Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control, Vol. 102 (1980), pp. 69–76.
Dillmann, R.: Configuration independent simulation of manipulator dynamics. Proc. 10th IMACS World Congress on System Simulation and Scientific Computation, Montreal, Aug. (1982) Vol. 3.
Truckenbrodt, A.: Bewegungsverhalten und Regelung hybrider Mehrkörpersysteme mit Anwendung auf Industrieroboter. Fortschrittsberichte der VDI-Zeitschrift, Reihe 8, No. 33 (1980).
Maizza-Neto, O: Modal analysis and control of flexible manipulator arms. PhD Thesis, Dept. Mech. Engng. M.I.T., Cambridge, MA (1974).
Truckenbrodt, A.: Regelung elastischer mech anischer Systeme. Rege-lungstechnik, Vol. 30 (1982), No. 8, pp. 27 7–286.
Book, W.J.; Maizza-Neto, O.; Whitney, D.E.: Feedback control of two beam two joint systems with distributed flexibility. Trans. of the ASME, Journal of Dyn. Systems Meas. and Control, Dec. (1975) pp. 424–431.
Dubowsky, S.; Gardner, T.N.: Design and analysis of multilink flexile mechanisms with multiple clearance connections. Trans. of the ASME Jour. of Engineering (1977), No. 2, pp. 88–96.
Dombre, E.; Liegeois, A.; Borrel, P.: Modeling the elastic transmissions of a computer-controlled manipulator. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. (1980), Vol. 2, paper TP10-C.
Yuan, J.S.-C.: Dynamic decoupiinaof a remote manipulator system. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. (1977), pp. 1702–1707.
Nicosia, S.; Nicolo, F.; Lentini, D.: Dynamical control of industrial robots with elastic and dissipative joints. Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto (Japan) (1981).
Hopfengärtner, H.: Lageregelung schwingungsfähiger Servosysteme am Beispiel eines Industrieroboters. Regelungstechnik, Vol. 29 (1981), No. 1, pp. 3–10.
Kuntze, H.-B.; Patzelt, W.: Einsatz regelungstechnischer Verfahren für typische Roboteranwendungen. In diesem Band.
Schiehlen, W.; Kreuzer, E.: Rechnergestütztes Aufstellen der Bewegungsgleichungen gewöhnlicher Mehrkörpersysteme. Ingenieur-Archiv Vol. 46 (1977), pp. 185–194.
Luh, J.Y.S.; Fisher, W.D.; Paul, R.P.C.: Joint torque control by a direct feedback for industrial robots. IEEE-Trans. Autom. Control, Vol. AC-28 (1983), No. 2, pp. 153–161.
Becker, P.-J.: Roboter als Werkzeugmaschine. FhG-Berichte (1982), No. 2, pp. 34–37.
Mason, M.T.: Compliance and force control for computer controlled manipulators. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.Vol. SMC-11 (1981),-Na. 6, pp. 418–432.
Freund, E.: Fast nonlinear control with arbitrary pole-placement for industrial robots and manipulators. The Int. J. of Robotic Res. Vol. 1 (1983), No. 1, pp. 65–79.
Freund, E.: A nonlinear control concept for computer-controlled Manipulators. Proc. of the IFAC-Symp. on Multivariable Technological Systems, Frederiction, Canada (1977), Verl. Pergamon Press, pp. 395–403.
Patzelt, W.: Zur Lageregelung von Industrierobotern auf der Grundlage des inversen Systems. Dissertation Uni. Duisburg (1982).
Patzelt, W.: Zur Lageregelung von Industrierobotern bei Entkopplung durch das inverse System. Regelungstechnik, Vol. 29 (1981), No. 12, pp. 411–422.
Jakubik, P.; Marton, J.: Improved cross-motion control for robot arms. ProC. 8th IFAC World Congress Kyoto, Japan (1981), pp. 1949–1954.
Saradis, G.N.; Lee, C.S.G.: An approximation theory of optimal control for trainable manipulators. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-9 (1979), No. 3, pp. 152–158.
Johnson, T.L.: On feedback laws for robotic systems. Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto, Japan (1981), pp. 1955–1960.
Kahn, M.E.; Roth, B.: The near-minimum-time control of open-loop articulated kinematic chains. Trans of the ASME, J. Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control (1971) Sept, pp. 164–172.
Hewit, J.R.: Dynamic decoupled control of robot arms. Proc. IEEE Colloquium on “Control of Manipulators and Robotic Devices” (1980), pp.4. 1–4. 10
Cvetkovic, V.; Vukobratovic, M.: One robust, dynamic control algorithm for manipulation systems. The Int. J. of Robotic Res., Vol. 1 (1982), No. 4, pp. 15–29.
Vukobratovic, M.; Stokic, D.: Synthesis and control algorithms of manipulation robots. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1982).
Vukobratovic, M.; Stokic, D.; Kircanski, M.: Contribution to dynamic control of industrial manipulators. Proc. 11th Int. Symp. on Indust. Robots (1981), pp. 245–252.
Liegeois, A.; Fournier, A.; Aldon, M.J.: Model reference control of high-velocity industrial robots. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. (1980), Vol. 2, TP 10-D.
Liegeois, A.: Automatic supervisory control of the configuration and behavior of mulitbody mechnanisms. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7 (1977), No. 12, pp. 868–871.
Rössler, J.: A decentralized hierarchical control concept for large-scale systems. Proc. 2nd IFAC Symp. on Large Scale Systems, Toulouse, France, June (1980).
Zaprijanov, J.; Boeva, S.: Hierarchical decentralized control of industrial robots. Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto, Japan, (1981), pp. 1979–1984.
Snydex, W.E.;,Gruver, W.A.: Distributed microcomputer control of a robotic manipulator. Proc. 1st Inf. Symp. on Mini-and Microcomputers in Control, San Diego, Jan. 8–9 (1979).
Luh, J.Y.; Lin, C.S.: Multiprocessor-controllers for mechanical manipulators. Proc. of COMPSAC the IEEE Computer Society’s 3rd Int. Computer Software and Applications Conf., Chicago, 6–8. Nov. (1979), pp. 458–463.
Young, D.: Controller design for a manipulator using theory of variable structure systems. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. SMC-8 (1978), pp. 101–109.
Utkin, V.: Variable structure systems with sliding modes. IEEE Trans. Autom. Contr., Vol. AC-22 (1977), No. 2.
Flügge-Lotz, I.: Discontinous automatic control. Princeton Univ. Press (1953).
Koivo, A.J.; Paul, R.: Manipulator with self-tuning controller. Proc. Int. Conf. on Cyb. and Society, New York (1980).
Koivo, A.J.; Guo, T.H.: Adaptive linear controller for robotic manipulators. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control. Vol. AC-28 (1983), No. 2, pp. 162–171.
Dubowsky, S.: On the adaptive control of robotic manipulators. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. Charlotteville, USA, (1981).
Arimoto, S.; Takegaki, M.: An adaptive method for trajectory control of manipulators. Proc 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto, Japan, (1981), pp. 1921–1926.
Takegaki, M.; Arimoto, S.:An adaptive trajectory control of manipulators. Int. J. Control, Vol. 34 (1981), No. 2, pp. 219–230.
Le Borgne, M.; Ibarra, J.M.; Espiau, B.: Adaptive control of high velocity manipulators. Proc. 11th Int. Symp. on Indust. Robots (1981), pp. 227–236.
Horowitz, R.; Tomizuka, M.: An adaptive control scheme for mechanical manipulators-compensation of nonlinearity and decoupling control. Proc. ASME-meeting,16–21 Nov. (1980), New York, paper No. 80-WAIDSC.
Gusev, S.V.; Yakubovich, V.A.: Adaptive control algorithm for a manipulator. Autom. Remote Control, Vol. 41 (1980), No. 9, pp. 1268–1277.
Dubowsky, S.; Des Forges, D.T.: The application of model-referenced adaptive control to robotic manipulators. Trans of the ASME, Journ. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Vol. 101 (1979), pp. 193–200.
Hanafusa, H.; Yoshikawa, T.; Nakamura, Y: Analysis and control of articulated robot arms with redundancy. Proc. 8th IFAC World Congress, Kyoto, Japan, (1981), pp. 1927–1932.
Wu, C.; Paul, R.P.: Manipulator compliance based on joint torque control. Proc. Decision and Control Conf., Vol. 1 (1980), pp. 8894.
Nevins, J.L.; Whitney, D.E.: Computer controlled assembly. Sci. American, Vol. 238 (1978), pp. 62–74.
Whitney, D.E.: Quasi-static assembly of compliantly supported rigid parts. J. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Vol. 104 /65, (1982).
Harmon, L.D.: Automated tactile sensing. The Int. J. of Robotics Res., Vol. 1 (1982), No. 2, pp. 3–32.
Whitney, D.E.: Force feedback control of manipulator fine motion. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. San Francisco, USA, (1976).
Paul, R.; Shimano, B.: Compliance and control. Broc.Joint Autom. Control Conf. San Francisco, USA, (1976).
Salisbury, J.K; Craig, J.J.: Articulated hands: force control and kinematic issues. Proc. Joint Autom. Control Conf. Charlotteville, USA, (1981).
Salisbury, J.K.; Craig, J.J.: Articulated hands: force control and kinematic issues. The Int. J. of Rob. Res., Vol. 1 (1983), No. 1, pp. 4–18.
Craig, J.J.; Raibert, M.H.: A systematic method of hybrid position /force control of a manipulator. Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Software and Applications, Chicago (1979).
Liegeois, A.; Dombre, E.; Sorrel, P.: Learning and control for a compliant computer-controlled manipulator. Proc. Decision and Control Conf. (1979), pp. 1024–1027.
Udupa, S.M.: Collision detection and avoidance in computer controlled manipulators. Ph.D.-Dissertation 1977, California, Institute of Technology, 226 p.
Lozano-Perez, T.; Wesley, M.A.: An algorithm for planning collision-free paths among polyhedral obstacles. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 22, (1979), No. 10, pp. 560–570.
Schweizer, M.; Haaf, D.: Taktile Sensoren and ihre Anwendung in Programmierbaren Montagesystemen. In [8].
Lozano-Perez, T.: Robot Programming. Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 71, No. 7 (1983), pp. 821–841.
Sanderson, A.C.; Perry, G.: Sensor-based robotic assembly systems: Research and applications in electronic manufacturing. Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 71, No. 7 (1983), pp. 586–871.
Saridis, G.N.: Intelligent robot control. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, Vol. AC-28 (1983), No. 5, pp. 547–557.
Luh, J.Y.S.: Conventional controller design for industrial robots–a tutorial. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC13 (1983), No. 5, pp. 298–316.
Book, W.J.: Analysis of massless elastic chains with servo controlled joints. Trans. of the ASME, Journ. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control. Vol. 101 (1979), Sept., pp. 187–192.
Becker, P.-J.; Jacubasch, A.; Kuntze, H.-B.: On the design of a computer controlled elastic industrialrobot. Proc. IASTED Symo. (AC183) on Applied Control and Identification, June 28 - July 1, 1983.
Becker, P.-J.; Jacubasch, A.; Kuntze, H.-B.: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen rechnergestützter Verfahren bei der Entwicklung fortgeschrittener Regelungssysteme für Industrieroboter. Tagungsband VDI/VDE-GMR Aussprachetag (1983), Langen b. Frankfurt.
Becker, P.-J.; Meisel, K.-H.; Schill, W.; Salaba, M.: Roboter als Werkzeugmaschine im Versuchsbetrieb. FhG-Berichte (1983) No. 2, pp. 39–42.
Becker, P.-J.: Roboter als Werkzeugmaschine. FhG-Berichte (1982) No. 2, pp. 34–37.
Brussel, H.V.; Simons, J.; Deschutter, J.: An intelligent force controlled robot. Annals of the CIRP, Vol. 31 (1982), No. 1, pp. 391–395.
Balestrino, A.; De Maria, G.; Sciavicco, L.: Adaptive control of manipulators in the task oriented space. Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Industrial Rabots, Chicago 1983.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kuntze, HB. (1984). Regelungsalgorithmen für Industrieroboter — eine Übersicht. In: Becker, PJ. (eds) Sehr fortgeschrittene Handhabungssysteme. Fachberichte Messen · Steuern · Regeln, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82315-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82315-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-13594-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82315-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive