Skip to main content

Diagnosis and Staging

  • Chapter
Book cover Lung Cancer

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 92))

Abstract

The majority of patients with lung cancer present with symptoms due either to the primary tumour, metastatic lesions, or systemic manifestations caused by non-metastatic (para-malignant) syndromes, or to a combination of any of those three. The symptoms therefore are variable and often non-specific. Occasionally patients are diagnosed whilst asymptomatic on routine medical examination, particularly if this includes a chest X-ray.

Miss Angela Betchley typed the manuscript with great care

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ashraf MH, Milsom PL, Walesby RK (1980) Selection by mediastinoscopy and long-term survival in bronchial carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 30: 208–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azzopardi JG, Freeman E, Poole G (1970) Endocrine and metabolic disorders in bronchial carcinoma. Br Med J 4: 528–529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloomfield GA, Holdaway IM, Corrin B et al. (1977) Lung tumours and ACTH production. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 6: 95–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buirski G, Calverley PM, Douglas NJ et al. (1981) Bronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 36: 508–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clee MD, Sinclair DJM (1981) Assessment of factors influencing the result of sputum cytology in bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 36: 143–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croft PB, Wilkinson M (1965) In: Brain, Norris (eds) The remote effects of cancer on the nervous system. Grune & Stratton, New York, p 216

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick R, Heard BE, Hinson KFW (1974) Aspiration needle biopsy of thoracic lesions: as assessment of 227 biopsies. Br J Dis Chest 68: 86–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis JH Jr (1975) Transbronchial lung biopsy via the fibre-optic bronchoscope. Chest 68: 524–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emami B, Melo A, Carter BL, Munzenrider JE, Piro AJ (1978) Value of computed tomography in radiotherapy of lung cancer. AJR 131: 63–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faling LJ, Pugatch RD, Jung-Legg Y et al. (1981) Computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum in the staging of bronchial carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 124: 690–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes DM (1979) The natural history of lung cancer: a review based on rates of tumour growth. Br J Dis Chest 73: 1–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellert AR, Rudd RM, Sinha G, Geddes DM (1982) Fibre-optic bronchoscopy: effect of multiple bronchial biopsies on diagnostic yield in bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 37: 684–687

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gewirtz G, Yalow RS (1974) Ectopic ACTH production in carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Invest 53: 1022–1032

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilby ED, Bondy PK, Forsling M (1976) Impaired water excretion in oat cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 34: 323

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper PG, Houang M, Spiro SG et al. (1981) Computerised axial tomography in the pre-treatment assessment of small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Cancer 47: 1775–1780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper PG, Souhami RL, Spiro SG et al. (1982) Tumour size, response rate, and prognosis in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus treated by combination chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rep 66: 463–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper RG, Beechler GR, Johnston MC (1978) Radioisotope scanning in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 118: 279–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde L, Hyde CI (1974) Clinical manifestations of lung cancer. Chest 65: 299–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Roux BT (1968) Bronchial carcinoma. Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews MJ, Kanhouwa S, Pickren J, Robinette D (1973) Frequency of residual and metastatic tumour in patients undergoing curative surgical resection for lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Rep 4: 63–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountain CF, Carr DT, Anderson WAD (1974) A system for the clinical staging of lung cancer. AJR 120: 130–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muggia FM, Krezoski SK, Hansen HH (1974) Cell kinetic studies in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 3: 1683–1690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oswald NC, Hanson KFW, Canti G, Miller AB (1971) The diagnosis of primary lung cancer with special reference to sputum cytology. Thorax 26: 623–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne CR, Stovin PGJ, Barker V, McVittie S, Stark JE (1979) Diagnostic accuracy of cytology and biopsy in primary bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 34: 294–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poe RH, Tobin RE (1980) Sensitivity and specificity of needle biopsy in lung malignancy. Am Rev Respir Dis 122: 725–729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdell JW, Peters RM, Taylor AT, Alazraki NP, Tisi GM (1977) Multiorgan scans for staging lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 73: 653–659

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rassam JW, Anderson G (1975) Incidence of paramalignant disorders in bronchogenic carcinoma. Thorax 30: 81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rea HH, Shevland JE, House AJS (1981) Accuracy of computed tomographic scanning in assessment of the mediastinum in bronchial carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81: 825–829

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd RM, Gellert AR, Boldy D et al. (1982) Bronchoscopic and percutaneous aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma cell type. Thorax 37: 462–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sackner MA (1975) Bronchofibreoscopy. Am Rev Respir Dis 111: 62–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin CL, Nohl-Oser HC (1969) Mediastinoscopy: A clinical evaluation of 400 consecutive cases. Thorax 24: 585–588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaner EG, Chang AE, Doppman JL et al. (1978) Comparison of computed and conventional whole lung tomography in detecting pulmonary nodules: A prospective radiologic: pathologic study. AJR 131: 37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon G (1966) In: Teare D, Fennin J (eds) Some aspects of carcinoma of the bronchus: a symposium. King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, England, p 87

    Google Scholar 

  • Spratt JS, Ter-Pogossian M, Long RTL (1963) The detection and growth of intra-thoracic neoplasms. Arch Surg 86: 283–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UICC (1978) TNM classification of malignant tumours. International Union Against Cancer, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood GH, Hooper RG, Axelbaum SP, Goodwin DW (1979) Computed tomography scanning of the thorax in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 300: 777–778

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webb J, Clarke SW (1978) Comparison between the positive biopsy rates in lung cancer achieved with the rigid bronchoscope and with the fibre-optic bronchoscope. Thorax 33: 531–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitcomb ME, Barham E, Goldman AL, Green DC (1976) Indications for pneumonectomy in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 113: 189–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams SJ, Green M, Kerr IH (1977) Detection of bone metastases in carcinoma of the bronchus. Br Med J 1: 1004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zavala DC (1975) Diagnostic fibre-optic bronchoscopy: Techniques and results of biopsy in 600 patients. Chest 68: 12–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spiro, S.G. (1984). Diagnosis and Staging. In: Duncan, W. (eds) Lung Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82218-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82218-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82220-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82218-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics