Abstract
The majority of patients with lung cancer present with symptoms due either to the primary tumour, metastatic lesions, or systemic manifestations caused by non-metastatic (para-malignant) syndromes, or to a combination of any of those three. The symptoms therefore are variable and often non-specific. Occasionally patients are diagnosed whilst asymptomatic on routine medical examination, particularly if this includes a chest X-ray.
Miss Angela Betchley typed the manuscript with great care
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ashraf MH, Milsom PL, Walesby RK (1980) Selection by mediastinoscopy and long-term survival in bronchial carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 30: 208–214
Azzopardi JG, Freeman E, Poole G (1970) Endocrine and metabolic disorders in bronchial carcinoma. Br Med J 4: 528–529
Bloomfield GA, Holdaway IM, Corrin B et al. (1977) Lung tumours and ACTH production. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 6: 95–96
Buirski G, Calverley PM, Douglas NJ et al. (1981) Bronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 36: 508–511
Clee MD, Sinclair DJM (1981) Assessment of factors influencing the result of sputum cytology in bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 36: 143–146
Croft PB, Wilkinson M (1965) In: Brain, Norris (eds) The remote effects of cancer on the nervous system. Grune & Stratton, New York, p 216
Dick R, Heard BE, Hinson KFW (1974) Aspiration needle biopsy of thoracic lesions: as assessment of 227 biopsies. Br J Dis Chest 68: 86–91
Ellis JH Jr (1975) Transbronchial lung biopsy via the fibre-optic bronchoscope. Chest 68: 524–532
Emami B, Melo A, Carter BL, Munzenrider JE, Piro AJ (1978) Value of computed tomography in radiotherapy of lung cancer. AJR 131: 63–67
Faling LJ, Pugatch RD, Jung-Legg Y et al. (1981) Computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum in the staging of bronchial carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 124: 690–695
Geddes DM (1979) The natural history of lung cancer: a review based on rates of tumour growth. Br J Dis Chest 73: 1–17
Gellert AR, Rudd RM, Sinha G, Geddes DM (1982) Fibre-optic bronchoscopy: effect of multiple bronchial biopsies on diagnostic yield in bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 37: 684–687
Gewirtz G, Yalow RS (1974) Ectopic ACTH production in carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Invest 53: 1022–1032
Gilby ED, Bondy PK, Forsling M (1976) Impaired water excretion in oat cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 34: 323
Harper PG, Houang M, Spiro SG et al. (1981) Computerised axial tomography in the pre-treatment assessment of small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Cancer 47: 1775–1780
Harper PG, Souhami RL, Spiro SG et al. (1982) Tumour size, response rate, and prognosis in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus treated by combination chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rep 66: 463–467
Hooper RG, Beechler GR, Johnston MC (1978) Radioisotope scanning in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 118: 279–286
Hyde L, Hyde CI (1974) Clinical manifestations of lung cancer. Chest 65: 299–306
Le Roux BT (1968) Bronchial carcinoma. Livingstone, Edinburgh
Matthews MJ, Kanhouwa S, Pickren J, Robinette D (1973) Frequency of residual and metastatic tumour in patients undergoing curative surgical resection for lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Rep 4: 63–67
Mountain CF, Carr DT, Anderson WAD (1974) A system for the clinical staging of lung cancer. AJR 120: 130–138
Muggia FM, Krezoski SK, Hansen HH (1974) Cell kinetic studies in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 3: 1683–1690
Oswald NC, Hanson KFW, Canti G, Miller AB (1971) The diagnosis of primary lung cancer with special reference to sputum cytology. Thorax 26: 623–631
Payne CR, Stovin PGJ, Barker V, McVittie S, Stark JE (1979) Diagnostic accuracy of cytology and biopsy in primary bronchial carcinoma. Thorax 34: 294–299
Poe RH, Tobin RE (1980) Sensitivity and specificity of needle biopsy in lung malignancy. Am Rev Respir Dis 122: 725–729
Ramsdell JW, Peters RM, Taylor AT, Alazraki NP, Tisi GM (1977) Multiorgan scans for staging lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 73: 653–659
Rassam JW, Anderson G (1975) Incidence of paramalignant disorders in bronchogenic carcinoma. Thorax 30: 81–90
Rea HH, Shevland JE, House AJS (1981) Accuracy of computed tomographic scanning in assessment of the mediastinum in bronchial carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81: 825–829
Rudd RM, Gellert AR, Boldy D et al. (1982) Bronchoscopic and percutaneous aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma cell type. Thorax 37: 462–465
Sackner MA (1975) Bronchofibreoscopy. Am Rev Respir Dis 111: 62–88
Sarin CL, Nohl-Oser HC (1969) Mediastinoscopy: A clinical evaluation of 400 consecutive cases. Thorax 24: 585–588
Schaner EG, Chang AE, Doppman JL et al. (1978) Comparison of computed and conventional whole lung tomography in detecting pulmonary nodules: A prospective radiologic: pathologic study. AJR 131: 37–54
Simon G (1966) In: Teare D, Fennin J (eds) Some aspects of carcinoma of the bronchus: a symposium. King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, England, p 87
Spratt JS, Ter-Pogossian M, Long RTL (1963) The detection and growth of intra-thoracic neoplasms. Arch Surg 86: 283–286
UICC (1978) TNM classification of malignant tumours. International Union Against Cancer, Geneva
Underwood GH, Hooper RG, Axelbaum SP, Goodwin DW (1979) Computed tomography scanning of the thorax in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 300: 777–778
Webb J, Clarke SW (1978) Comparison between the positive biopsy rates in lung cancer achieved with the rigid bronchoscope and with the fibre-optic bronchoscope. Thorax 33: 531–535
Whitcomb ME, Barham E, Goldman AL, Green DC (1976) Indications for pneumonectomy in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 113: 189–195
Williams SJ, Green M, Kerr IH (1977) Detection of bone metastases in carcinoma of the bronchus. Br Med J 1: 1004
Zavala DC (1975) Diagnostic fibre-optic bronchoscopy: Techniques and results of biopsy in 600 patients. Chest 68: 12–19
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Spiro, S.G. (1984). Diagnosis and Staging. In: Duncan, W. (eds) Lung Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82218-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82218-6_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82220-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82218-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive