Skip to main content

Robotic Mechanics and Animal Morphology

  • Conference paper
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NATO ASI F,volume 11))

Abstract

The wealth of information on animal structure and motion could well assist the engineer in robotic design. Books and journal articles going back to the early 1800’s document systematic observations by experimental scientists, mostly biologists and zoologists. Although this literature is steeped in the jargon of specialists and sometimes presents conflicting theories for the same observed phenomenon, the engineer with some patience may glean much from articles about the essential mechanisms by which animals move their appendages for locomotion and in gathering food.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dillon, L. S., “The Myology of the Araneid Leg,” Journal of Morphology, Vol. 90, 1952, pp. 467–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Petrunkevitch, A., “Contributions to Our Knowledge of the Anatomy and Relationships of Spiders,” Ann. Ent. Society of America, Vol. 2, 1909, pp. 11–20.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ellis, C. H., “The Mechanism of Extension in the Legs of Spiders,” Biological Bulletin, Vol. 86, 1944, pp. 41–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Savory, Theodore, H., The Biology of Spiders, Macmillan Co., N.Y., 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Parry, D. A., “Spider Leg-muscles and the Autotomy Mechanism,” Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Vol. 98, 1957, pp. 331–340.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Parry, D. A. and Brown, R. H. J., “The Hydraulic Mechanism of the Spider Leg,” Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 36, 1959, pp. 423–433.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Parry, D. A. and Brown, R. H. J., “The Jumping Mechanism of Salticid Spiders,” Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 36, 1959, pp. 654–665.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Currey, J. D., “The Failure of Exoskeletons and Endoskeletons,” Journal of Morphology, Vol. 123, 1967, pp. 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Meriam, J. L., Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Vol. 2, John Wiley Co., NY, 1978, p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Alexander, R. McNeill, The Invertebrates, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1979, pp. 222–229.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Coe, Wesley R., “Biology of the Nemerteans of the Atlantic Coast of North America,” Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 35, 1943, pp. 129–328.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Alexander, R. McNeill, Animal Mechanics, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chapman, Garth, “The Hydrostatic Skeleton in Invertebrates,” Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. 33, 1958, pp. 338–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cowey, J. B., “The Structure and Function of the Basement Membrane Muscle System in Amiphiporus lactifloreus (Nemertea),” Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Vol. 93, 1952, pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Coe, Wesley R., “Bathepelagic Nemertines of the Pacific Coast,” Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, Vol. 6, 1954, pp. 225–286.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Clark, R. B., Dynamics in Metazoan Evolution, Claredon Press, Oxford, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Trueman, E. R., The Locomotion of Soft-Bodied Animals, American Elsevier Publishing Co., NY, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wilson, J. F., “Pneumoelastic Elements for Robotic Applications,” consulting report for the Lord Corp., Duke University, Durham, NC, August, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Archie, J. P., author of about 50 articles on cilia during the 1970’s, Carolina Cardiovascular Surgical Associates, Raleigh, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pantin, C. F. A., “Locomotion in British Terrestrial Nemertines and Planarians,” Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. 162, 1950, pp. 23–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Elder, H. Y., “Peristalic Mechanisms,” Aspects of Animal Movement, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1980, pp. 71–92.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mettam, C., “Peristaltic Waves of Tubicolous Worms and the Problem of Irrigation in Sabella pavonina,” Journal of Zoology, London, Vol. 158, pp. 341–356.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gray, James, “Nemertines,” Animal Locomotion, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1968, pp. 411–420.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Clark, R. B. and Cowey, J. B., “Factors Controlling the Change of Shape of Certain Nemertean and Turbellarian Worms,” Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 35, 1958, pp. 731–748.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wainwright, S. A., “Design in Hydraulic Organisms,” Die Naturwis-senschaften, Vol. 57, July, 1970, pp. 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kier, W. M., “The Functional Morphology of the Musculature of Squid (Loliginidae) Arms and Tentacles,” Journal of Morphology, Vol. 172, pp. 179–192, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Colasanti, G., “Anatomische und Physiologische Untersuchungen uber die Arme de Cephalopoden,” Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenchaftliche Medicin, 1876, pp. 480–500.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Guerin, J., “Contribution a l’etude des systemes cutane musculaire et nerveux de l’appareil tentaculaire des Cephalopodes,” Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., Vol. 8, 1908, pp. 1–178.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Graziadei, P., “The Nervous System of the Arms,” in Young, J. Z., The Anatomy of the Nervous System of Octopus vulgaris, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

Secondary References

  • Alexander, R., Animal Mechanics, Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, G., “The hydrostatic skeleton in the Invertebrates,” Biological Review, Vol. 33, 1958, pp. 338–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manton, S. M., “Hydrostatic Pressure and Leg Extension in Arthropods, with Special Reference to Arachnids,” Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 1, 1958, pp. 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snodgrass, R. E., A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy, Comstock Co., Ithaca, NY, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wainwright, S. A., “Design in Hydraulic Organisms,” Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 57, 1970, pp. 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wainwright, S. A., Biggs, W. D., Currey, J. D. and Gosline, J. M., Mechanical Design in Organisms, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wilson, J.F. (1984). Robotic Mechanics and Animal Morphology. In: Brady, M., Gerhardt, L.A., Davidson, H.F. (eds) Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. NATO ASI Series, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82153-0_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82153-0_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82155-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82153-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics