Abstract
There would be little disagreement among water quality modelers with the opinion of Orlob (1983a) that virtually all the significant developments since the (now) classical work of Streeter and Phelps (1925) have occurred within the past two decades. During the 1960s and early 1970s there was a very substantial investment in model-building associated with water quality management projects, particularly in the United States. The main legacy of this initial investment is a well-established interest in the development of progressively larger and more complex simulation models. “Large” is admittedly a rather imprecise description of a model, although a glance at some of the recent literature on water quality modeling will give some impression of the intended meaning (for example, Russell, 1975; Patten, 1975, 1976; Jørgensen and Harleman, 1978; Scavia and Robertson, 1979). There is no doubt that the immense scope for complex system simulation created by the advent of electronic computers has fostered the rapid growth of “large” water quality models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adachi, N. and Ikeda, S. (1978). Stability Analysis of Eutrophication Models. RM-78-53. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19:716–722.
Andrews, J.F. (1977). Dynamics and control of wastewater treatment plants. In J.H. Sherrard (Editor), Fundamental Research Needs for Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems. Proceedings of the NSF/AEEP Conference, Arlington, Virginia, December, pp. 83–92.
Andrews, J.F. and Stenstrom, M.K. (1978). Dynamic models and control strategies for wastewater treatment plants — an overview. In Y. Sawaragi and H. Akashi (Editors), Environmental Systems Planning, Design, and Control, Volume 2. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 443–452.
Argentesi, F. and Olivi, L. (1976). Statistical sensitivity analyses of a simulation model for the biomass–nutrient dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. In the Proceedings of the Summer Computer Simulation Conference, 4th. Simulation Councils, La Jolla, California, pp. 389–393.
Åström, K.J. and Eykhoff, P. (1971). System identification — a survey. Automatica, 7:123–162.
Atherton, R.W., Schainker, R.B., and Ducot, E.R. (1975). On the statistical sensitivity analysis of models for chemical kinetics. AIChE Journal, 21(3) : 441–448.
Battista, J.R. (1977). The holistic paradigm and general system theory. General Systems, XXII: 65–71.
Beck, M.B. (1978a). A Comparative Case Study of Dynamic Models for DO–BOD–Algae Interaction in a Freshwater River. RR-78-19. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Beck, M.B. (1978b). Random signal analysis in an environmental sciences problem. Applied Mathematical Modeling, 2(1):23–29.
Beck, M.B. (1979a). Model structure identification from experimental data. In E. Halfon (Editor), Theoretical Systems Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 259–289.
Beck, M.B. (1979b). System Identification, Estimation and Forecasting of Water Quality — Part 1: Theory. WP-79-31. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Beck, M.B. (1979c). On-line Estimation of Nitrification Dynamics. PP-79-3. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Beck, M.B. (1980). Applications of system identification and parameter estimation in water quality modelling. In the Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Hydrological Forecasting, IAHS– AIHS Publication No. 129, pp. 123–131.
Beck, M.B. (1981). Hard or soft environmental systems? Ecological Modelling, 11:233–251.
Beck, M.B. (1982). The Propagation of Errors and Uncertainty in Forecasting Water Quality, Part II: Some Simple Examples and Case Studies. Working Paper. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. (Forthcoming.)
Beck, M.B. and Young, P.C. (1975). A dynamic model for DO–BOD relationships in a non-tidal stream. Water Research, 9:769–776.
Beck, M.B. and Young, P.C. (1976). Systematic identification of DO–BOD model structure. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 102 (EE5): 902–927.
Beck, M.B., Latten, A., and Tong, R.M. (1978). Modelling and Operational Control of the Activated Sludge Process of Wastewater Treatment. PP-78-10. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Beck, M.B., Halfon, E., and van Straten, G. (1979). The Propagation of Errors and Uncertainty in Forecasting Water Quality, Part I: Method. WP-79-100. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Bedford-Ouse Study (1979). Final Report. Anglian Water Authority, Huntingdon, UK.
Bierman,V.J., Dolan,D.M., Stoermer, E.F., Gannon, J.E., and Smith, V.E. (1980). The Development and Calibration of a Spatially Simplified Multi-Class Phytoplankton Model for Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Contribution No. 33. Great Lakes Environmental Planning Study, US Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse Ile, Michigan.
Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M. (1970). Time-Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day, San Francisco,California.
Burns, J.R. (1975). Error analysis of nonlinear simulations: applications to world dynamics. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 5(3) : 331–340.
Canale, R.P., DePalma, L.M., and Powers, W.F. (1980). Sampling Strategies for Water Quality in the Great Lakes. Report No. EPA-600/3-80-55. US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota.
Chan, C.W., Harris, C.J., and Wellstead, P.E. (1974). An order-testing criterion for mixed autoregressive moving average processes. International Journal of Control, 20:817–834.
Cobelli, C., Lepschy, A., and Romanin-Jacur, G. (1979). Structural identifiability of linear compartmental models of ecosystems. In E. Halfon (Editor), Theoretical Systems Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 237–258.
Di Toro, D.M.. and van Straten, G. (1979). Uncertainty in the Parameters and Predictions of Phytoplankton Models. WP-79-27. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Dobbins, W.E. (1964). BOD and oxygen relationships in streams. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 90:53–78.
Eberhardt, L.L. (1977). Applied systems ecology: models, data, and statistical methods. In G.S. Innis (Editor), New Directions in the Analysis of Ecological Systems. Simulation Council Proceedings Series, 5(1): 43–55.
Eykhoff, P. (1974). System Identification — Parameter and State Estimation. Wiley, Chichester.
Fedra, K., van Straten, G., and Beck, M.B. (1981). Uncertainty and arbitrariness in ecosystems modeling: a lake modeling example. Ecological Modelling, 13:87–110.
Fleming, G. (1979). Total river basin assessment of sediment–erosion–transport–deposition processes by mathematical model. In Pilot Zones for Water Quality Management. Proceedings of a Seminar, Institute for Water Management, Budapest, pp. 262–280.
Gardner, R.H., O’Neill, R.V., Mankin, J.B., and Carney, J.H. (1980a). A Comparison of Sensitivity Analysis and Error Analysis Based on a Stream Ecosystem Model. Technical Report. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Gardner, R.H., O’Neill, R.V., Mankin, J.B., and Kumar, D. (1980b). Comparative error analysis of six predator–prey models. Ecology, 61(2) : 323–332.
Goh, B.S. (1979). Robust stability concepts for ecosystems models. In E. Halfon (Editor), Theoretical Systems Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 467–487.
Gustavsson, I. (1975). Survey of applications of identification in chemical and physical processes. Automatica, 11:3–24.
Halfon, E. (1979a). The effects of data variability in the development and validation of ecosystems models. In B.P. Zeigler, M.S. Elzas, G.J. Klir, and T.I. Ören (Editors), Methodology in Systems Modelling and Simulation. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 335–343.
Halfon, E. (1979b). On the parameter structure of a large-scale ecological model. In G.P. Patil and M.L. Rosenzweig (Editors), Contemporary Quantitative Ecology and Related Econometrics. International Cooperative Publishing House, Fairland, Maryland, pp. 279–293.
Holling, C.S. (Editor) (1978). Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. Wiley, Chichester.
Hornberger, G.M. (1980). Uncertainty in dissolved oxygen prediction due to variability in algal photosynthesis. Water Research, 14:355–361.
Hornberger, G.M. and Spear, R.C. (1980). Eutrophication in Peel Inlet — I. Problem-defining behavior and a mathematical model for the phosphorus scenario. Water Research, 14:29–42.
Hornberger, G.M. and Spear, R.C. (1981). An approach to the preliminary analysis of environmental systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 12(1) : 7–18.
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (1978). Modelling the Water Quality of the Hydrological Cycle. Proceedings of the Baden Symposium. IAHS–AIHS Publication No. 125.
International Association of Hydrological Sciences (1980). Hydrological Forecasting. Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium. IAHS–AIHS Publication No. 129.
Isermann, R. (Editor) (1980). Identification and System Parameter Estimation. Proceedings of the IF AC Symposium, 5 th. Pergamon, Oxford.
Jakeman, A.J. and Young, P.C. (1980). Towards optimal modeling of translocation data from tracer studies. Proceedings of the Biennial Conference of the Simulation Society of Australia, 4th, pp. 248–253.
Jazwinski, A.H. (1970). Stochastic Processes and Filtering Theory. Academic Press, New York.
Jørgensen, S.E. and Harleman, D.R.F. (1978). Hydrophysical and Ecological Modeling of Deep Lakes and Reservoirs. CP-78-7. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Kahlig, P. (1979). One-dimensional transient model for short-term prediction of downstream pollution in rivers. Water Research, 13:1311–1316.
Kempf, J. and van Straten, G. (1980). Applications of Catastrophe Theory to Water Quality Modelling. CP-80-12. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Kossen, N.W.F. (1979). Mathematical modelling of fermentation processes: scope and limitations. In A.T. Bull, D.C. Ellwood, and C. Ratledge (Editors), Microbial Technology: Current State, Future Prospects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 327–357.
Lack, T.J. and Lund, J.W.G. (1974). Observations and experiments on the phytoplankton of Blelham Tarn, English Lake District. Freshwater Biology, 4:399–415.
Leonov, A. (1980). Mathematical Modeling of Phosphorus Transformation in the Lake Balaton Ecosystem. WP-80-149. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Lewandowska, A. (1981). Structural Properties and Frequency Response Analysis of Simplified Water Quality Models: the Case of Time-Invariant Coefficients. WP-81-116. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Lewandowski, A. (1981). Issues in Model Validation. WP-81-32. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Ljung, L. (1979). Asymptotic behavior of the extended Kaiman filter as a parameter estimator for linear systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 24:36–50.
Maciejowski, J.M. (1979). Model discrimination using an algorithmic information criterion. Automatica, 15:579–593.
Maciejowski, J.M. (1980). A Least-Genericity Principle for Model Selection. Report No. 91. Control Theory Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry.
Magee, B. (1973). Popper. Fontana, London.
Mankin, J.B., O’Neill, R.V., Shugart, H.H., and Rust, B.W. (1977). The importance of validation in ecosystem analysis. In G.S. Innis (Editor), New Directions in the Analysis of Ecological Systems. Simulation Council Proceedings Series, 5(1) : 63–72.
Marsili-Libelli, S. (1980). The role of microprocessors in water quality management: problems and prospects. In M.B. Beck (Editor), Real-Time Water Quality Management. CP-80-38. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, pp. 162–183.
McLaughlin, D.B. (1983). Statistical analysis of uncertainty propagation and model accuracy. In M.B. Beck and G. van Straten (Editors), Uncertainty and Forecasting of Water Quality. This volume, pp. 305–319.
Olsson, G. (1980). Estimation and identification problems in wastewater treatment. In E.F. Wood (Editor), Real-Time Forecasting/Control of Water Resource Systems. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 93–108.
O’Neill, R.V. and Gardner, R.H. (1979). Sources of uncertainty in ecological models. In B.P. Zeigler, M.S. Elzas, G.J. Klir, and T.I. Ören (Editors), Methodology in Systems Modelling and Simulation. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 447–463.
Orlob, G.T. (1983a). Introduction. In G.T. Orlob (Editor), Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1–10.
Orlob, G.T. (1983b). Future directions. In G.T. Orlob (Editor), Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 503–509.
Park, R.A., Scavia, D., and Clesceri, N.L. (1975). CLEANER: the Lake George model. In C.S. Russell (Editor), Ecological Modelling in a Resource Management Framework. Working Paper QE-1. Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., pp. 49–81.
Patten, B.C. (Editor) (1975). Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume III. Academic Press, New York, p. 622.
Patten, B.C. (1976). Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, Volume IV. Academic Press, New York, p. 608.
Popper, K.R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson, London.
Reckhow, K.H. (1979). The use of a simple model and uncertainty analysis in lake management. Water Resources Bulletin, 15:601–611.
Russell, C.S. (Editor) (1975). Ecological Modeling in a Resource Management Framework. Working Paper QE-1. Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
Scavia, D. and Robertson, A. (Editors) (1979). Perspectives on Lake Ecosystem Modeling. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Scavia, D., Powers, W.F., Canale, R.P., and Moody, J.L. (1981). Comparison of first-order error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation in time-dependent lake eutrophication models. Water Resources Research, 17(4): 1051–1069.
Shastry, J.S., Fan, L.T., and Erickson, L.E. (1973). Non-linear parameter estimation in water quality modeling. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, 99(EE3):315–331.
Siljak, D.D. (1979). Structure and stability of model ecosystems. In E. Halfon (Editor), Theoretical Systems Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 151–181.
Söderström, T. (1977). On model structure testing in system identification. International Journal of Control, 26:1–18.
Söderström, T., Ljung, L., and Gustavsson, I. (1974). On the Accuracy of Identification and the Design of Identification Experiments. Report 7428. Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
Somlyody, L. (1977). Dispersion measurement on the Danube. Water Research, 11:411–417.
Somlyody, L. (1981). Water Quality Modelling: A Comparison of Transport-Oriented and Biochemistry-Oriented Approaches. WP-81-117. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Spear, R.C. and Hornberger, G.M. (1980). Eutrophication in Peel Inlet — II. Identification of critical uncertainties via generalized sensitivity analysis. Water Research, 14:43–49.
Streeter, H.W. and Phelps, E.B. (1925). A Study of the Pollution and Natural Purification of the Ohio River. Bulletin No. 146. US Public Health Service, Washington, D.C.
Thé, G. (1978). Parameter identification in a model for the conductivity of a river based on noisy measurements at two locations. In G.C. Vansteenkiste (Editor), Modeling, Identification and Control in Environmental Systems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 823–830.
Thomann, R.V., Winfield, R.P., and Segna, J.J. (1979). Verification Analysis of Lake Ontario and Rochester Embayment Three-Dimensional Eutrophication Models. Report EPA-600/3-79-094. US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota.
Tong, R.M., Beck, M.B., and Latten, A. (1980). Fuzzy control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Automatica, 16:659–701.
Ulanowicz, R.E. (1979). Prediction, chaos, and ecological perspective. In E. Halfon (Editor), Theoretical Systems Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 107–117.
Unbehauen, H. and Göhring, B. (1974). Tests for determining model-order in parameter estimation. Automatica, 10:233–244.
van den Boom, A.J.M. and van den Enden, A.W.M. (1974). The determination of the orders of process and noise dynamics. Automatica, 10:245–256.
van Straten, G. (1980). Analysis of Model and Parameter Uncertainty in Simple Phytoplankton Models for Laka Balaton. WP-80-139. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
van Straten, G. (1983). Ḿaximum likelihood estimation of parameters and uncertainty in phytoplankton models. In M.B. Beck and G. van Straten (Editors), Uncertainty and Forecasting of Water Quality. This volume, pp. 157–171.
van Straten, G. and Golbach, G. (1982). Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Analysis of Dispersion in the River Rhine. (In preparation.)
van Straten, G. and Somlyódy, L. (1980). Lake Balaton Eutrophication Study: Present Status and Future Program. WP-80-187. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
van Straten, G., Jolankai, G., and Herodek, S. (1979). Review and Evaluation of Research on the Eutrophication of Lake Balaton — A Background Report for Modeling. CP-79-13. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Vansteenkiste, G.C. (Editor) (1975). Computer Simulation of Water Resources Systems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 686.
Vansteenkiste, G.C. (Editor) (1978). Modeling, Identification and Control in Environmental Systems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p. 1028.
Wellstead, P.E. (1976). Model order testing using an auxiliary system. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 123:1373–1379.
Wellstead, P.E. (1978). An instrumental product moment test for model order estimation. Automatica, 14:89–91.
White, K.E., Lee, P.J., and Belcher, A.S.B. (1980). Time-of-travel and its significance. In M.J. Stiff (Editor), River Pollution Control. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp. 275–288.
Whitehead, P.G. (1979). Application of recursive estimation techniques to time-variable hydrological systems. Journal of Hydrology, 40:1–16.
Whitehead, P.G. (1983). Modeling and forecasting of water quality in non-tidal rivers: the Bedford-Ouse study. In M.B. Beck and G. van Straten (Editors), Uncertainty and Forecasting of Water Quality. This volume, pp. 321–337.
Whitehead, P.G. and Young, P.C. (1979). Water quality in river systems: Monte Carlo analysis. Water Resources Research, 15(2):451–459.
Whitehead, P.G., Young, P.C., and Hornberger, G.M. (1979). A systems model of flow and water quality in the Bedford-Ouse River, Part I: streamflow modelling. Water Research, 13:1155–1169.
Woodside, C.M. (1971). Estimation of the order of linear systems. Automatica, 7:727–733.
Young, P.C. (1974). A recursive approach to time-series analysis. Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, 10:209–224.
Young, P.C. (1978). General theory of modeling for badly defined systems. In G.C. Vansteenkiste (Editor), Modeling, Identification and Control in Environmental Systems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 103–135.
Young, P.C. (1979). Self-adaptive Kaiman filter. Electronics Letters, 15(2):358–360.
Young, P.C. (1983). The validity and credibility of models for badly defined systems. In M.B. Beck and G. van Straten (Editors), Uncertainty and Forecasting of Water Quality. This volume, pp. 69–98.
Young, P.C., Jakeman, A.J., and McMurtrie, R.E. (1980). An instrumental variable method for model order identification. Automatica, 16:281–294.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg/Austria
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beck, M.B. (1983). Uncertainty, System Identification, and the Prediction of Water Quality. In: Beck, M.B., van Straten, G. (eds) Uncertainty and Forecasting of Water Quality. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82054-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82054-0_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82056-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82054-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive