Abstract
A new perspective on lipoprotein metabolism has been gained from the identification and characterisation of Specific high affinity lipoprotein receptors. These are located on cell membranes and serve to facilitate and control the ingress of lipoprotein cholesterol into the cell. They exhibit two important properties. First, they are subject to autoregulation so that when cellular cholesterol requirements rise, the receptors are stimulated to promote lipoprotein assimilation. Conversely, when the cell is replete with the sterol, receptor activity is suppressed. Second, they demonstrate a high degree of ligand specificity which derives from selective interaction between the receptor and apoproteins on the surface of lipoproteins. Two polypeptides, apolipoproteins B and E, have been implicated in this recognition process and two distinct membrane receptor activities have also been identified (1,2,3,4). One seems to be confined to hepatocytes and apparently operates as an efficient mechanism for the cellular assimilation of chylomicron remnants. The other which appears to be identical to the fibroblast receptor of Goldstein and Brown (1) is widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body and plays an important role in the metabolism of low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Goldstein JL, Brown MS (1977) The low density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis. Ann Rev Biochem 46: 897–930
Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1978) General scheme for regulation of cholesterol metabolism in mammalian cells. In: Distrubances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism; editors Dietschy J M, Gotto A M and Ontko J A. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Md, pp 173–180
Mahley RW and Innerarity TL (1978) Properties of lipoproteins responsible for high affinity bind to cell surface receptors of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 109: 99–127
Mahley R W, Hui D Y, Innerarity T L, Weisgraber K H (1981) Two independent lipoprotein receptors on hepatic membranes of dog, swine and man. J Clin Invest 68: 1197–1206
Kovanen P T, Basu S K, Goldstein J L and Brown M S (1979) Low density lipoprotein receptors in bovine adrenal cortex II. Low density lipoprotein binding to membranes prepared from fresh tissue. Endocrinology 104: 610–616
Mahley R W, Innerarity T L, Pitas R E, Weisgraber K H, Brown J H, Gross E (1977) Inhibition of lipoprotein binding to cell surface receptors of fibroblasts following selective modification of arginyl residues in arginine rich and B apoproteins. J Biol Chem 252: 7279–7287
Shepherd J, Bicker S, Lorimer A R, Packard C J (1979) Receptor mediated low density lipoprotein catabolism in man. J Lipid Res 20: 999–1006
Slater H R, Packard C J, Bicker S, Shepherd J (1980) Effects of cholestyramine on receptor mediated plasma clearance and tissue uptake of human low density lipoprotein in the rabbit. J Biol Chem 255: 10210–10213
Slater H R, Packard C J, Shepherd J (1982) Measurement of receptor independent lipoprotein catabolism using 1, 2 cyclohexanedione-modified low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 23: 92–96
Shepherd J, Packard C J, Bicker S, Lawrie T D V, Morgan H G (1980) Cholestyramine promotes receptor mediated low density lipoproteins catabolism. N Engl J Med 302: 1219–1222
Stewart J M, Packard C J, Lorimer A R, Boag D E, Shepherd J (1982) Effects of bezafibrate on receptor mediated and receptor independent low density lipoprotein catabolism in type II hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. Atherosclerosis (in press).
Spengel F A, Jadhav A, Duffield R G M, Wood C B, Thompson G R (1981) Superiority of partialileal bypass over cholestyramine in reducing cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia. Lancet 768–770
Thompson G R,, Soutar A K, Spengel F A, Jadhav A, Gavigan S P, Myant N B (1981) Defects of receptor mediated low density lipoprotein catabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA 78: 2591–2595
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Packard, C.J., Shepherd, J., Slater, H.R. (1983). The Role of Receptors in Apolipoprotein B Metabolism. In: Schettler, F.G., Gotto, A.M., Middelhoff, G., Habenicht, A.J.R., Jurutka, K.R. (eds) Atherosclerosis VI. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81817-2_100
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81817-2_100
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-81819-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-81817-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive