Zusammenfassung
Seit der Entdeckung der „,X-Strahlen“, durch Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen im Jahre 1895 basierte die radiologische Darstellung von Gewebsstrukturen über viele Jahrzehnte hindurch ausschließlich auf dem Prinzip des sog. Schattenwurfes. Dieses Prinzip beinhaltet eine Limitierung der Darstellbarkeit minimaler Gewebsdichtedifferenzen. Als limitierende Faktoren sind im wesentlichen die Superposition verschiedener Medien, der relativ hohe Streustrahlenanteil, die Grenzen der Registrierbarkeit und bildlichen Wiedergabe von Absorptionsdifferenzen mittels photographischer Schwärzung oder Röntgenbildschirm und nicht zuletzt der hohe Informationsverlust durch die zweidimensionale Wiedergabe einer dreidimensionalen Information anzuführen. So waren selbst mit den konventionellen Röntgentomographieverfahren in der Größenordnung zwischen 1–2% gelegene Differenzen der Gewebsabsorption nicht erfaßbar. Für die Diagnostik im Bereich des Schädelinnenraumes bedeutete dies, daß sich z.B. die mit Liquor gefüllten Hirnkammern trotz einer Absorptionsdifferenz gegenüber Hirngewebe von ca. 2% im konventionellen Röntgentomo-gramm nicht darstellen ließen.
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Steinhoff, H., Ambrose, J. (1981). Computertomographie des Gehirns. In: Diethelm, L., Wende, S. (eds) Röntgendiagnostik des Zentralnervensystems / Roentgen Diagnosis of the Central Nervous System. Handbuch der Medizinischen Radiologie / Encyclopedia of Medical Radiology, vol 14 / 1 / 1B. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81616-1_7
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