Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Membrane Spectroscopy pp 333–376Cite as

Chemical Relaxation Spectrometry

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology Biochemistry and Biophysics ((MOLECULAR,volume 31))

Abstract

This article essentially deals with the application of chemical relaxation spectrometry to the investigation of membrane processes and includes a section related to some applications of dielectric relaxation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Benz, R., Läuger, P.: Kinetic analysis of carrier-mediated ion transport by the charge-pulse technique. J. Membr. Biol. 27, 171–191 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benz, R., Fröhlich, O., Läuger, P.: Influence of membrane structure on the kinetics of carrier-mediated ion transport through lipid bilayers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 464, 465–481 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, K.: Dielektrische Absorption als Folge chemischer Relaxation. II. Ausführung der Experimente. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 67, 826–832 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, K., Eigen, M., De Maeyer, L.: Dielektrische Absorption als Folge chemischer Relaxation. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 67, 819–826 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boheim, G., Benz, R.: Charge-pulse relaxation studies with lipid bilayer membranes modified by alamethicin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 507, 262–270 (1978)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, W., Jordan, P.C., Stark, G.: Laser-temperature-jump method for the determination of the rate of desorption of hydrophobic ions in lipid membranes. In: Annual Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biophysik. Abstracts of Poster Presentations (eds. Adam, G., Stark, G.), p. 46. Heidelberg: Springer 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunner, J., Skrabal, P., Hauser, H.: Single bilayer vesicles prepared without sonication. Physico-chemical properties. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 455, 322–331 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgermeister, W., Winkler-Oswatitsch, R.: Complex formation of monovalent cations with biofunc-tional ligands. In: Topics in Current Chemistry (ed. Boschke, F.L.), Vol. 69, pp. 91–196. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellan, G.W.: Calculation of the spectrum of chemical relaxation times for a general reaction mechanism. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 67, 898–908 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chock, P.B., Eggers; F., Eigen, M., Winkler, R.: Relaxation studies on complex formation of macro-cyclic and open chain antibiotics with monovalent cations. Biophys. Chem. 6, 239–251 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chong, C.S., Colbow, K.: Light scattering and turbidity measurements on lipid vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 436, 260–282 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, R.M., Elson, E.L., Maxfield, B.W.: A new technique for optical observation of the kinetics of chemical reactions perturbed by small pressure changes. Biopolymers 14, 883–887 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czerlinski, G.H.: Chemical Relaxation. New York: Dekker 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Debye, P.: Reaction rates in ionic solutions. Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 82, 265–272 (1942)

    Google Scholar 

  • De Maeyer, L., Persoons, A.: Electric field methods. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part 2 (ed. Hammes, G.G.), pp. 211–236. New York: Wiley 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • De Maeyer, L., Eigen, M., Suarez, J.: Dielectric dispersion and chemical relaxation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 3157–3161 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggers, F.: Eine Resonatormethode zur Bestimmung von Schall-Geschwindigkeit und Dämpfung an geringen Flüssigkeitsmengen. Acustica 19, 323–329 (1967/68)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggers, F., Funck, Th.: Ultrasonic measurements with milliliter liquid samples in the 0.5–100 MHz range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 44, 969–977 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eggers, F., Funck, Th.: Ultrasonic relaxation spectroscopy in liquids. Naturwissenschaften 13, 280–285 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, M.: Über die Kinetik sehr schnell verlaufender Ionenreaktionen in wässriger Lösung. Z. Phys. Chem. Frankfurt am Main 1, 176–200 (1954)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, M., De Maeyer, L.: Relaxation methods. In: Technique of Organic Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VIII, Part II, pp. 895–1054. New York: Interscience 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, M., De Maeyer, L.: Theoretical basis of relaxation spectrometry. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part II (ed. Hammes, G.G.), pp. 63–146. New York: Wiley 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, M., Kurtze, G., Tamm, K.: Reaktionsmechanismus der Ultraschallabsorption in wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen. Z. Elektrochem. 57, 103–118 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey, P.F., Koppel, D.E., Barak, L.S., Wolf, D.E., Elson, E.L., Webb, W.W.: Lateral diffusion in planar lipid bilayers. Science 195, 305–306 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldberg, S.W., Kissel, G.: Charge pulse studies of transport phenomena in bilayer membranes. J. Membr. Biol. 20, 269–300 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, U.: Die kristallin-flüssig-kristalline Umwandlung von Dimyristoyllecithin in wässriger Dispersion. Optischer Nachweis und Kinetik. Diplomarbeit Techn. Univ. München 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamble, R.C., Schimmel, P.R.: Nanosecond relaxation processes of phospholipid bilayers in the transition zone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 3011–3014 (1978)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genscher, H., Heim, W.: Eine Strömungsmethode mit intepierender Anzeige zur Untersuchung schneller Reaktionen in Lösung. Z. Phys. Chem. Frankfurt am Main 46, 345–352 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, Q.H., Milnes, L.: Apparatus for rapid and sensitive spectrophotometry. Biochem. J. 91, 161–171 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grell, E., Oberbäumer, I.: Dynamic aspects of carrier-mediated cation transport through membranes. In: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. XXIV: Chemical Relaxation in Molecular Biology (eds. Pecht, I., Rigler, R.), pp. 371-413. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Grell, E., Funck, Th., Eggers, F.: Structure and dynamic properties of ion-specific antibiotics. In: Membranes (ed. Eisenman, G.), Vol. III, pp. 1–126. New York: Dekker 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald, B., Blume, A., Watanabe, F.: Kinetic investigations on the phase transition of phospholipid bilayers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 597, 41–52 (1980)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald, B., Frisch, W., Holzwarth, J.F.: Nanosecond relaxation in lipid bilayers. Experienta 36, 722 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünhagen, H.H.: Fast spectrophotometric detection system for coupled physical and chemical field effects in solution. Biophysik 10, 347–354 (1973)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grünhagen, H.H.: A high power square wave pulse generator for the investigation of fast electric field effects in solution. Meßtechnik 19–23 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünhagen, H.H.: Electric field effects in systems of associating amphiphilic electrolytes. Chem. Phys. Lipids 14, 201–210 (1975a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grünhagen, H.H.: Chemical relaxation of cetylpyridinium iodide micelles in high electric fields. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 53, 282–295 (1975b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G.G. (ed.): Investigation of elementary reaction steps in solution and very fast reactions. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part 2. New York: Wiley 1973a

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G.G.: Temperature-jump methods. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part 2 (ed. Hammes, G.G.); pp. 147–186. New York: Wiley 1973b

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G.G., Roberts, P.B.: Ultrasonic attenuation measurements in phospholipid dispersions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 203, 220–227 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G.G., Schimmel, P.R.: Chemical relaxation spectra: Calculation of relaxation times for complex mechanisms. J. Chem. Phys. 70, 2319–2324 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, G.G., Tallmann, D.E.: Application of the temperature-jump technique to the study of phospholipid dispersions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 6042–6046 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, J.E., White, R.D.: An ultrasonic study of the thermotropic transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 552, 450–456 (1979)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, D.H.: Studien der Bindung und des Transportes von Ionen und Molekülen an Phospholipid-Membranen. In: Technische Biochemie; DECHEMA Monographien, Bd. 71 (ed. Rehm, H.J.), pp. 119–133. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, D.H.: Divalent cation-ligand interactions of phospholipid membranes. Equilibria and kinetics. In: Metal-Ligand Interactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Part 2 (eds. Pullmann, B., Goldblum, N.), pp. 189–212. Dodrecht: Reidel 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, D.H., Simkowitz, P.: l-Anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: A fluorescent probe of ion and ionophore transport kinetics and trans-membrane asymmetry. J. Membr. Biol. 33, 63–108 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, D.H., Staerk, H.: l-Anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: A fluorescent probe of membrane surface, structure, composition and mobility. J. Membr. Biol. 17, 313–340 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, D.H., Chiu, V.C.K., Watson, B.: Study of the Ca2+ transport mechanism of X537A in phospholipid membranes using fluorescence and rapid kinetic techniques. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 203, 73–89 (1980)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, U., Kahlweit, M.: On the kinetics of the formation of NaDS micelles. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 77, 1119–1121 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiromi, K.: Kinetics of Fast Enzyme Reactions. New York: Halsted 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, G.W.: A nanosecond temperature-jump apparatus. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 1643–1647 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, J.F., Schmidt, A., Wolff, H., Volk, R.: Nanosecond temperature-jump technique with an iodine laser. J. Phys. Chem. 81, 2300–2301 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C.: Studies on phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Formation and physical characteristics. Biochemistry 8, 344–352 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ilgenfritz, G.: The electric field jump relaxation method. In: Probes of Structure and Function of Macromolecules and Membranes. Vol. 1 (eds. Chance, B., Yonetani, R.), pp. 505–510. New York: Academic Press 1971

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilgenfritz, G.: Theory and simulation of chemical relaxation spectra. In: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. XXIV: Chemical Relaxation in Molecular Biology (eds. Pecht, I., Rigler, R.), pp. 142. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovin, T.M.: Fluorimetric kinetic techniques; chemical relaxation and stopped-flow. In: Biochemical Fluorescence. Concepts (eds. Chen, R.F., Edelhoch, H.), pp. 305–374. New York: Dekker 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaatze, U., Henze, R., Seegers, A., Pottel, R.: Dielectric relaxation in colloidal phospholipid aqueous solutions. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 79, 42–53 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaatze, U., Henze, R., Eibl, H.: Motion of the lengthened zwitterionic head groups of C16-lecithin analogues in aqueous solutions as studied by dielectric relaxation measurements. Biophys. Chem. 10, 351–362 (1979a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaatze, U., Henze, R., Pottel, R.: Dielectric relaxation and molecular motions in C14-lecithin-water systems. Chem. Phys. Lipids 25, 149–177 (1979b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketterer, B., Neumcke, B., Läuger, P.: Transport mechanism of hydrophobic ions through lipid bilayer membranes. J. Membr. Biol. 5, 225–245 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knoche, W.: Pressure-jump methods. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part 2 (ed. Hammes, G.G.), pp. 187–210. New York: Wiley 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, W., Stark, G.: Temperature-jump experiments on thin lipid membranes in the presence of valinomycin. J. Membr. Biol. 37, 13–28 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindner, P., Neumann, E., Rosenheck, K.: Kinetics of permeability changes induced by electric impulses in chromaffin granules. J. Membr. Biol. 32, 231–254 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitaku, S., Ikegami, A., Sakanishi, A.: Ultrasonic studies of lipid büayer. Phase transition in synthetic phosphatidyl-choline liposomes. Biophys. Chem. 8, 295–304 (1978)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L.E., Holt, J.P., Jr., Lindley, B.D.: Laser temperature jump technique for relaxation studies of the ionic conductances in myelinated nerve fibres. Biophys. J. 12, 157–174 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L.E.: Mambrane conductance changes in single nodes of Ranvier, measured by laser-induced temperature-jump experiments. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 375, 115–123 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, P., Rudin, D.O.: Developement of K+-Na+ discrimination in experimental bimolecular lipid membranes by macrocyclic antibiotics. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 26, 398-404 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, E.: Membrane permeability control by the acetylcholine gating system. In: Molecular Mechanism of Biological Recognition (ed. Balaban, M.), pp. 449–463. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, E., Chang, H.W.: Dynamic properties of isolated acetylcholine receptor protein: Kinetics of the binding of acetylcholine and Ca ions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3994–3998 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, E., Rosenheck, K.: Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes. J. Membr. Biol. 10, 279–290 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nolte, H.-J., Rosenberry, T.L., Neumann, E.: Effective charge on acetylcholinesterase active sites determined from the ionic strength dependence of association rate constants with cationic ligands. Biochemistry 19, 3705–3711 (1980)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J.D., Hemmes, P., Eyring, E.M.: Light scattering temperature jump relaxation in mixed solvent suspensions of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 219, 276–282 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, G.D., Margerum, D.W.: Pulsed-flow spectroscopy. Analyt. Chem. 52, 91A–106A (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, G.D., Taylor, R.W., Ridley, T.Y., Margerum, D.W.: Pulsed-flow instrument for measurement of fast reactions in solution. Anal. Chem. 52, 130–138 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pecht, I., Rigler, R. (eds): Chemical Relaxation in Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. XXIV. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Pottel, R., Kaatze, U., Müller, St.: Dielectric relaxation in aqueous solutions of zwitterionic surfactant micelles. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 82, 1086–1093 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabl, C.R.: Relaxationsmeßtechnik. In: Technische Biochemie; DECHEMA Monographien, Bd. 71 (ed. Rehm, H.J.), pp. 187–205. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, R., Ehrenberg, M.: Molecular interactions and structure as analyzed by fluorescence relaxation spectroscopy. Q. Rev. Biophys. 6, 139–199 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rigler, R., Rabl, C.R., Jovin, T.M.: Temperature-jump apparatus for fluorescence measurements. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45, 580–588 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberry, T.L., Neumann, E.: Interaction of ligands with acetylcholinesterase. Use of temperature-jump relaxation kinetics in the binding of specific fluorescent ligands. Biochemistry 16, 3870–3878 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruf, H.: Mechanismus des Carrier-induzierten Protonentransports durch Lipid-Membranen. Diss. Techn. Univ. Braunschweig 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruf, H.: The mechanism of carrier-mediated proton transport across lipid bilayer membranes. I. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the binding of the model compound o-methyl red to liposomes. In prep.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruf, H., Oberbäumer, I., Grell, E.: Chemical relaxation spectrometry: Investigation of mechanisms involved in membrane processes. In: Transport by Proteins (eds. Blauer, G., Sund, H.), pp. 27–44. Berlin: De Gruyter 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Sackmann, E., Träuble, H.: Studies of the crystalline-liquid crystalline phase transition of lipid model membranes. I. Use of spin labels and optical probes as indicators of the phase transition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 4482–4491 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandblom, J., Hägglund, J., Erikson, N.E.: Electrical relaxation processes in black lipid membranes in the presence of a cation-selective ionophore. J. Membr. Biol. 23, 1–19 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seufert, W.D.: Model membranes: Spherical shells bounded by one bimolecular layer of phospholipids. Biophysik 7, 60–73 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smoluchowski, M.v.: Drei Vorträge über Diffusion, Brownsche Molekularbewegung und Koagulation von Kolloidteilchen. Physik. Z. 17, 557–599 (1916)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimmel, P.R.: On the calculation of chemical relaxation amplitudes. J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4136–4137(1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, G.: Kinetic analysis by chemical relaxation methods. Rev. Mod. Phys. 40, 206–218 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, G., Ketterer, B., Benz, R., Läuger, P.: The rate constants of valinomycin-mediated ion transport through thin lipid membranes. Biophys. J. 11, 981–994 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strehlow, H., Knoche, W.: Fundamentals of chemical relaxation. In: Monographs in Modern Chemistry (ed. Ebel, H.F.), Vol. X. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Strehlow, U.: Untersuchungen zur Kinetik des elektrostatisch ausgelösten Phasenüberganges in Modellmembranen. Diss. Univ. Göttingen 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuehr, J.: Ultrasonic methods. In: Techniques of Chemistry (ed. Weissberger, A.), Vol. VI, Part 2 (ed. Hammes, G.G.), pp. 237–284. New York: Wiley 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Thusius, D.: Relaxation amplitudes for systems of two coupled equilibria. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 356–363 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thusius, D., Foucault, G., Guillain, F.: The analysis of chemical relaxation amplitudes and some applications to reactions involving macromolecules. In: Dynamic Aspects of Conformation Changes in Biological Macromolecules (ed. Sadron, C), pp. 271–284. Doodrecht: Reidel 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Träuble, H.: Phasenumwandlungen in Lipiden. Mögliche Schaltprozesse in biologischen Membranen. Naturwissenschaften 58, 277–284 (1971)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Träuble, H., Grell, E.: The formation of asymmetrical spherical lecithin vesicles. Neurosci. Res. Program Bull. 9 (No. 3), 373–380 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsong, T.Y.: Kinetics of the crystalline-liquid crystalline phase transition of dimyristoyl-L-α-lecithin bilayers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 2684–2688 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsong, T.Y., Kanehisa, M.I.: Relaxation phenomena in aqueous dispersions of synthetic lecithins. Biochemistry 16, 2674–2680 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsong, T.Y., Yang, C.S.: Rapid conformational changes of cytochrome P-450: Effect of dimyristoyllecithin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 5955–5959 (1978)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsong, T.Y., Tsong, T.-T., Kingsley, E., Siliciano, R.: Relaxation phenomena in human erythrocyte suspensions. Biophys. J. 16, 1091–1104 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tümmler, B., Maass, G., Weber, E., Wehner, W., Vögtle, F.: Noncyclic crown-type polyethers, pyri-dinophane cryptands, and their alkali metal ion complexes: Synthesis, complex stability, and kinetics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 4683-4690 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tümmler, B., Maass, G., Vögtle, F., Sieger, H., Heimann, U., Weber, E.: Open-chain polyethers. Influence of aromatic donor end groups on thermodynamics and kinetics of alkali metal ion complex formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 2588–2598 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Umberger, J.K., La Mer, V.K.: The kinetics of diffusion controlled molecular and ionic reactions in solution as determined by measurements of the quenching of fluorescence. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 67, 1099–1109 (1945)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiler, A.: Eine verallgemeinerte Theorie diffussionsbestimmter Reaktionen und ihre Anwendung auf die Fluoreszenzlöschung. Z. Phys. Chem. Frankfurt am Main 13, 335–352 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, R.: Kinetik und Mechanismus der Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallkomplexbildung in Methanol. Diss. Techn. Univ. Wien 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, R.: Kinetics and mechanism of alkali ion complex formation in solution. In: Structure and Binding, Vol. X, pp. 1–24. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler-Oswatitsch, R., Eigen, M.: Die Kunst zu Titrieren. Angew. Chemie 91, 20–51 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolley, P.: The binding of a neutral aromatic molecule to a negatively-charged lipid membrane. I. Thermodynamics and mode of binding. Biophys. Chem. 10, 289–303 (1979)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolley, P., Diebler, H.: The binding of a neutral aromatic molecule to a negatively-charged lipid membrane. II. Kinetics and mechanism. Biophys. Chem. 10, 305–318 (1979)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Heinr. Hoffmannstr. 7, 6000, Frankfurt 71, Germany

    H. Ruf & E. Grell

Authors
  1. H. Ruf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. Grell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 7, 6000, Frankfurt 71, Germany

    Ernst Grell

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ruf, H., Grell, E. (1981). Chemical Relaxation Spectrometry. In: Grell, E. (eds) Membrane Spectroscopy. Molecular Biology Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81537-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81537-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-81539-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-81537-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation