Abstract
Bio-assay methods for the study of prolactin and GH activity in body fluids have many limitations at present. They are generally not sensitive enough to measure basal levels of the hormones, they are time-consuming and it is practicable to handle only limited numbers of samples. Bio-assays may also be subject to non-specific interference by serum or plasma factors and their precision does not approach that of radio-immunoassays (RIA) or radioreceptor assays (RRA).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asawaroengchai, H., Nicoll, C.S.: Metabolism of purified and secreted rat prolactin. Fed. Proc. 34, 342 (1975)
Asawaroengchai, H., Nicoll, C.S.: Relationships among bioassay, radioimmunoassay and disc electrophoretic assay methods of measuring rat prolactin in pituitary tissue and incubation medium. J. Endocrinol. 73, 301–308 (1977)
Asawaroengchai, H., Nichols, C.W., Nicoll, C.S.: Comparison of bioassay (BA), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and disc electrophoresis (DE) methods of prolactin (PRE) estimation. Fed. Proc. 33, 278 (1974)
Asawaroengchai, H., Russell, S.M., Nicoll, C.S.: Electrophoretically separable forms of rat prolactin with different bioassay and radioimmunoassay activities. Endocrinology 102, 407–414 (1978)
Berson, S.A., Yalow, R.S., Glick, S.M., Roth, J.: Immunoassay of protein and peptide hormones. Metabolism 13, 1135–1153 (1964)
Birkinshaw, M., Falconer, I.R.: The localization of prolactin labelled with radioactive iodine in rabbit mammary tissue. J. Endocrinol. 55, 323–334 (1972)
Bryant, G.D., Greenwood, F.C.: The concentrations of human prolactin in plasma measured by radioimmunoassay: experimental and physiological modifications. In: Lactogenic hormones. Wolstenholme, G.E.W., Knight, J. (eds.), pp. 197–206. A Ciba Foundation Symposium. Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone 1972
Bryant, G.D., Hunter, M., Greenwood, F.C.: Immuno-reactive fragments of endogenous protein hormone in plasma. In: Proteins and polypeptides. Margoulies, M. (ed.), pp. 26–27. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation 1969
Bullough, W.A., Wallis, M.: Iodinated bovine prolactin. Characterization and binding to mammary gland cells. Horm. Res. 8, 37–50 (1977)
Chen, H.J., Mueller, G.P., Meites, J.: Effects of L-dopa and somatostatin on suckling-induced release of prolactin and GH. Endocr. Res. Commun. 1, 283–291 (1974)
Cotes, P.M., Das, R.E.G.: An international collaborative study of the assay of human placental lactogen: establishment of WHO international reference preparation of human placental lactogen. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 85, 451–459 (1978)
Cuatrecasas, P., Hollenberg, M.D.: Membrane receptors and hormone action. In: Advances in protein chemistry. Anfinsen, C.B., Edsall, J.T., Richards, F.M. (eds.), vol. 30, pp. 251–451. New York, San Francisco, London: Academic Press 1976
Daughaday, W.H., Peake, G.T., Birge, C.A., Mariz, T.K.: Influence of endocrine factors on the concentration of growth hormone in rat pituitary. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 158, 238–252 (1968)
Dickerman, E., Negro-Vilar, A., Meites, J.: Effects of starvation on plasma GH and GH-RF levels in the rat. Endocrinology 84, 814–819 (1969)
Doneen, B.A.: Biological activities of mammalian and teleostean prolactins and growth hormones on mouse mammary gland and teleost urinary bladder. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 30, 34–42 (1976)
Ellis, S.: Studies on the nature of bioassayable growth promoting activity in plasma. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 85, [Suppl. 212], 21 (1977)
Ellis, S., Grindeland, R.E.: Dichotomy between bio-and immunoassayable growth hormone. In: Advances in growth hormone research. Raiti, S. (ed.), pp. 409–424. U.S. GPOPNo. (NIH) 74–612, 1974
Ellis, S., Grindeland, R.E., Reilly, T.J., Yang, S.H.: Studies on the nature of plasma growth hormone. In: Growth hormone and related peptides. Pecile, A., Müller, E.E. (eds.), pp. 75–83. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1976
Ellis, S., Vodian, M.A., Grindeland, R.E.: Studies on the bioassayable growth hormone-like activity of plasma. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 34, 213–238 (1978)
Etzrodt, H., Musch, K.A., Schleyer, M., Pfeiffer, E.F.: Growth hormone radioligand assay unresponsive to human prolactin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42, 1184–1187 (1976)
Forsyth, I.A., Myres, R.P.: Human prolactin. Evidence obtained by the bioassay of human plasma. J. Endocrinol. 51, 157–168 (1971)
Forsyth, I.A., Parke, L.: The bioassay of human prolactin. In: Human prolactin. Pasteels, J.L., Robyn, C., Ebling, F.J.G. (eds.), pp. 71–81. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1973
Forsyth, I.A., Buntin, J.D., Nicoll, C.S.: A pigeon crop sac radioreceptor assay for prolactin. J. Endocrinol. 79, 349–356 (1978)
Frantz, W.L., Turkington, R.W.: Formation of biologically active 1251-prolactin by enzymatic radioiodination. Endocrinology 91, 1545–1549 (1972)
Frantz, A.G., Kleinberg, D.L., Noel, G.L.: Studies on prolactin in man. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 28, 527–590 (1972)
Gala, R.R., Singhakowinta, A., Brennan, M.J.: Studies on prolactin in human serum, urine and milk. Horm. Res. 6, 310–320 (1975)
Garcia, J.F., Geschwind, I.I.: Investigation of growth hormone secretion in selected mammalian species. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 158, 267–291 (1968)
Gamier, P.E., Job, J.: Correlative study of radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay of serum growth hormone in children: normal children and HGH-treated pituitary dwarfs. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86, 50–59 (1977)
Green, M.R., Pastewka, J.Y., Peacock, A.C.: Bioassay for prolactin: Densitometric analysis on polyacrylamide gels of milk protein production by mammary explants in vitro. Endocrinology 101, 1784–1791 (1977)
Greenwood, F.C., Hunter, W.M., Glover, J.S.: The preparation of 31 1-labelled growth hormone of high specific radioactivity. Biochem. J. 89, 114–123 (1963)
Grosvenor, C.E., Whitworth, N.S.: Incorporation of rat prolactin into rat milk in vivo’ and `in vitro’. J. Endocrinol. 70, 1–9 (1976)
Grosvenor, C.E., Krulich, L., McCann, S.M.: Depletion of pituitary concentration of growth hormone as a result of suckling in the lactating rat. Endocrinology 82, 617–619 (1968)
Hart, I.C., Flux, D.S.: The release of growth hormone in response to milking in the goat during early and late lactation. J. Endocrinol. 57, 177–178 (1973)
Herington, A.C., Jacobs, L.S., Daughaday, W.H.: Radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay quantitation of human growth hormone in acromegalic serum: overestimation by immunoassay and systematic differences between antisera. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 39, 257–262 (1974)
Jacobs, L.S., Sneid, D.S., Garland, J.T., Laron, Z., Daughaday, W.H.: Receptor and active growth hormone in Laron Dwarfism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 42, 403–406 (1976)
Kleinberg, D.L., Frantz, A.G.: Human prolactin: measurement in plasma by in vitro bioassay. J. Clin. Invest. 50, 1557–1568 (1971)
Kostyo, J.L., Wilhelmi, A.E.: Conference on the structure-function relationships of pituitary growth hormone: a report. Metabolism 25, 105–124 (1976)
Lefkowitz, R.J., Roth, J., Pastan, I.: Radioreceptor assay of adrenocorticotropic hormone: new approach to assay of polypeptide hormones in plasma. Science 170, 633–635 (1970)
Lesniak, M.A., Roth, J., Gorden, P., Gavin, J.R.: Growth hormone-radioreceptor assay using cultured human lymphocytes. Nature (New Biology) 241, 20–22 (1973)
Leung, F.C., Russell, S.M., Nicoll, C.S.: Relationship between bioassay and radioimmunoassay estimates of prolactin in rat serum. Endocrinology 103, 1619–1628 (1978)
Li, C.H.: Bioassay of pituitary growth hormone. In: Hormonal proteins and peptides. Vol. 4: Growth hormone and related proteins. Li, C.H. (ed.), pp. 1–41. New York: Academic Press 1977
Li, C.H., Lyons, W.R., Evans, H.M.: Studies on pituitary lactogenic hormone. V. Reaction with iodine. J. Biol. Chem. 139, 43–45 (1941)
Malven, P.V.: Prolactin and other protein hormones in milk. J. Anim. Sci. 45, 609–616 (1977)
Malven, P.V., McMurtry, J.P.: Presence of immunoreactive prolactin in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 55, 715 (1972)
Malven, P.V., McMurtry, J.P.: Measurement of prolactin in milk by radioimmunoassay. J. Dairy Sci. 57, 411–415 (1974)
Martal, J.: Effects of hand-milking on growth hormone levels in the ewe and in the goat. C. R. Acad. Sci. [D] (Paris) 280, 197–200 (1975)
McMurtry, J.P., Malven, P.V.: Radioimmunoassay of endogenous and exogenous prolactin in milk of rats. J. Endocrinol. 61, 211–217 (1974a)
McMurtry, J.P., Malven, P.V.: Experimental alterations of prolactin levels in goat milk and blood plasma. Endocrinology 95, 559–564 (1974b)
McMurtry, J.P., Malven, P.V., Arave, C.W., Erb, R.E., Harrington, R.B.: Environmental and lactational variables affecting prolactin concentrations in bovine milk. J. Dairy Sci. 58, 181–189 (1975)
Morrison, N., Bayse, G.S.: Catalysis of iodination by lactoperoxidase. Biochemistry 9, 2995–3000 (1970)
Müller, E.E., Giustina, G., Miedico, D., Pecile, A., Cocchi, D., King, F.W.: Circadian pattern of bioassayable and radioimmunoassayable growth hormone in the pituitary of female rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 135, 934–939 (1970)
Neill, J.D., Reichert, L.E.: Development of a radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin and evaluation of the NIAMD rat prolactin radioimmunoassay. Endocrinology 88, 548–555 (1971)
Nicoll, C.S.: Radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assays for prolactin and growth-hormone. Am. Zool. 15, 881–903 (1975)
Nicoll, C.S., Mena, F., Nichols, C.W., Green, S.J., Tai, M., Russell, S.M.: Analysis of suckling-induced changes in adenohypophyseal prolactin concentration in the lactating rat by three assay methods. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 83, 512–521 (1976)
Niswender, G.D., Chen, C.L., Midgley, A.R., Meites, J., Ellis, S.: Radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 130, 793–797 (1969)
Nolin, J.M., Witorsch, R.J.: Detection of endogenous immunoreactive prolactin in rat mammary epithelial cells during lactation. Endocrinology 99, 949–958 (1976)
Parke, L., Forsyth, I.A.: Assay of lactogenic hormones using receptors isolated from rabbit liver. Endocr. Res. Commun. 2, 137–149 (1975)
Raud, H.R., Odell, W.D.: Studies of the measurement of bovine and porcine prolactin by radioimmunoassay and by systemic pigeon crop-sac bioassay. Endocrinology 88, 991–1002 (1971)
Reichlin, S., Schalch, D.S.: Growth hormone releasing factor. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 1 84, 584–594 (1969)
Reynaert, R., Peeters, G.: Influence of handmilking on the growth hormone levels in the blood of lactating cows. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Thér. 197, 207–208 (1972)
Rogol, A.D., Chrambach, A.: Radioiodinated human pituitary and amniotic fluid prolactins with preserved molecular integrity. Endocrinology 97, 406–417 (1975)
Rogol, A.D., Rosen, S.W.: Alteration of human and bovine prolactins by a Chloramine T radioiodination: comparison with lactoperoxidase-iodinated prolactins. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 39, 379–382 (1974)
Roth, J.: Peptide hormone binding to receptors: a review of direct studies in vitro. Metabolism 22, 1059–1073 (1973)
Sar, M., Meites, J.: Effects of suckling on pituitary release of prolactin, GH, and TSH in postpartum lactating rats. Neuroendocrinology 4, 25–31 (1969)
Schally, A.V., Sawano, S., Müller, E.E., Arimura, A., Bowers, C.Y., Redding, T.W., Steelman, S.L.: Hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH). Purification and in vivo and in vitro studies. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 158, 185–203 (1968)
Schally, A.V., Arimura, A., Wakabayashi, I., Redding, T.W., Dickerman, E., Meites, J.: Biological activity of a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to the proposed growth hormone releasing hormone. Experientia 28, 205–206 (1972)
Schleusener, A.: Methodological aspects for radioligand receptor assay for prolactin. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 82, [Suppl. 202], 69–71 (1976)
Shani, J., Givant, Y., Sulman, F.G., Eshkol, A., Lunenfeld, B.: Uptake of ‘I-labelled prolactin by rat mammary gland and pigeon crop mucosa. J. Endocrinol. 52, 397–398 (1972)
Shiu, R.P.C., Kelly, P.A., Friesen, H.G.: Radioreceptor assay for prolactin and other lactogenic hormones. Science 180, 968–971 (1973)
Singh, R.N.P., Seavey, B.K., Rice, V.P., Lindsey, T.T., Lewis, U.J.: Modified forms of human growth hormone with enhanced biological activities. Endocrinology 94, 883–891 (1974)
Sinha, Y.N., Salocks, C.B., Lewis, U.J., Vanderlaan, W.P.: Influence of nursing on the release of prolactin and GH in mice with high and low incidence of mammary tumors. Endocrinology 95, 947–954 (1974)
Sneid, D.S., Jacobs, L.S., Weldon, V.V., Trivedi, B.L., Daughaday, W.H.: Radioreceptor-inactive growth hormone associated with stimulated secretion in normal subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41, 471–474 (1975)
Tsushima, T., Friesen, H.G.: Radioreceptor assay for growth hormone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 37, 334–337 (1973)
Tsushima, T., Irie, M., Sakuma, M.: Radioimmunoassay for canine growth hormone. Endocrinology 89, 685–693 (1971)
Tucker, H.A.: Hormonal response to milking. J. Anim. Sci. 32, 137–141 (1971)
Vescovi, G., Boller, F., Belleville, F., Nabet, P., Paysant, P.: Hétérogénèité de la prolactine ovine après marquage à l’iode 125: intérêt de marquage à la lactoperoxydase. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 170, 1269–1276 (1976)
Vodian, M.A., Nicoll, C.S.: Comparisons among pituitary, secreted and circulating forms of rat growth hormone. Fed. Proc. 35, 783 (1976)
Vodian, M.A., Nicoll, C.S.: Growth hormone releasing factor and the bioassay-radioimmunoassay paradox revisited. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86, 71–80 (1977)
Vodian, M.A., Nicoll, C.S.: Evidence to suggest that rat growth hormone is modified when secreted by the pituitary gland. J. Endocrinol. 80, 69–81 (1979)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cowie, A.T., Forsyth, I.A., Hart, I.C. (1980). Hormone Assay Techniques Used in the Study of Lactation. In: Hormonal Control of Lactation. Monographs on Endocrinology, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81389-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81389-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-81391-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-81389-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive