Abstract
The mammary gland arises in the ventral ectoderm in embryonic life. Similarities in mammary gland development, structure and function between monotremes, marsupials and eutherian mammals suggest a common ancestry and support the possibility that the therapsid reptilian ancestors of the mammals were milk producing (see Morriss, 1975).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Acritopoulou, S., Haresign, W., Foster, J.P., Lamming, G.E.: Plasma progesterone and LH concentrations in ewes just after injection of an analogue of prostaglandin F2 J. Reprod. Fert. 49, 337340 (1977)
Aedo, A.-R., Landgren, B.-M., Cekan, Z., Diczfalusy, E.: Studies on the pattern of circulating steroids in the normal menstrual cycle. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 82, 600–616 (1976)
Agathe, O., Kolm, H.P.: Oestrogen and progesterone levels in the blood plasma of cows with normal parturition or with a retained placenta. J. Reprod. Fert. 43, 163–166 (1975)
Albrecht, E.D., Townsley, J.D.: Serum progesterone in the pregnant baboon (Papio papio). Biol. Reprod. 14, 610–612 (1976)
Albrecht, E.D., Townsley, J.D.: Serum estradiol in mid and late gestation and estradiol/progesterone ratio in baboons near parturition. Biol Reprod. 18, 247–250 (1978)
Allais, C., Martinet, L.: Relation between daylight ratio, plasma progesterone levels and timing of nidation in mink (Mustela vison) J. Reprod. Fert. 54, 133–136 (1978)
Amenomori, Y., Chen, C.L., Meites, J.: Serum prolactin levels in rats during different reproductive states. Endocrinology 86, 506–510 (1970)
Anderson, R.R.: Endocrinological control. In: Lactation. Larson, B.L., Smith, V.R. (eds.). Vol 1, pp. 97140. New York, London: Academic Press 1974
Anderson, R.R.: Mammary gland growth in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 41, 118–123 (1975a)
Anderson, R.R.: Mammary gland growth in the hypophysectomized pregnant rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 148, 283–287 (1975b)
Anderson, R.R.: Embryonic and fetal development of the mammary apparatus. In: Lactation. Larson, B.L. (ed.). Vol 4, pp. 3–40. New York, London: Academic Press 1978
Asdell, S.A.: Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction, 2nd ed. London: Constable 1965
Ash, R.W., Heap., R.B.: Oestrogen, progesterone and corticosteroid concentrations in peripheral plasma of sows during pregnancy, parturition, lactation and after weaning. J. Endocrinol. 64, 141–154 (1975)
Aso, T., Tominaga, T., Oshima, K., Matsubayashi, K.: Seasonal changes of plasma estradiol and progesterone in the Japanese monkey (Macaca Juscata fiiscata). Endocrinology 100. 745–750 (1977)
Atkinson, L.E., Hotchkiss, J., Fritz, G.R., Surve, A.H., Neill, J.D., Knobil, E.: Circulating levels of steroids and chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey, with special attention to the rescue of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 12, 335–345 (1975)
Aubert, M.L., Grumbach, M.M., Kaplan, S.L.: The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. 3. Prolactin. J. Clin. Invest. 56, 155–164 (1975)
Baldwin, D.M., Stahenfeldt, G.H.: Endocrine changes in the pig during late pregnancy, parturition and lactation. Biol. Reprod. 12, 508–515 (1975)
Baldwin, R.L.: Enzymatic activities in mammary glands of several species. J. Dairy Sci. 49, 1533–1542 (1966)
Balinsky, B.I.: On the prenatal growth of the mammary gland rudiment in the mouse. J. Anat. 84, 227–235 (1950a)
Balinsky, B.I.: On the development processes in mammary glands and other epidermal structures. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh 62, 1–31 (1950b)
Banerjee, M.R.: Responses of mammary cells to hormones. Int. Rev. Cytol. 47, 1–97 (1976)
Banerjee, M.R., Wagner. J.E.. Kinder, D.L.: DNA synthesis in the absence of cell reproduction during functional differentiation of mouse mammary gland. Life Sci. 10 867–877 (1971)
Baranczuk, R., Greenwald, G.S.: Plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone in pregnant and lactating hamsters. J. Endocrinol. 63. 125–135 (1974)
Barkley, M.S., Michael, S.D., Geschwind, I.I., Bradford, G.E.: Plasma testosterone during pregnancy in the mouse. Endocrinology 100 1472–1475 (1977)
Barkley, M.S., Bradford, G.E.; Geshwind, 1.1.: The pattern of plasma prolactin during the first half of mouse gestation. Biol. Reprod. 19, 291–296 (1978)
Barlow, S.M., Morrison, P.J., Sullivan, F.M.: Plasma corticosterone levels during pregnancy in the mouse: the relative contributions of the adrenal glands and foeto-placental units. J. Endocrinol. 60, 473–483 (1974)
Barnes, R.J., Comline, R.S., Silver, M.: Foetal and maternal plasma progesterone concentrations in the sow. J. Endocrinol. 62 419–420 (1974)
Barone, R., Monnet, C.: Les mammelles des üquidüs domestiques. Bull. Soc. Sci. Vüt. Müd. Comp. Lyon 57, 73–92 (1955)
Bartholomeusz, R.K., Bruce, N.W., Martin, C.E., Hartmann, P.E.: Serial measurement of arterial plasma progesterone levels throughout gestation and parturition in individual rats. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 82 436–443 (1976)
Bassett, J.M., Hinks, N.T.: Microdetermination of corticosteroids in ovine peripheral plasma: effects of venipuncture, corticotrophin, insulin and glucose. J. Endocrinol. 44 387–403 (1969)
Bassett, J.M., Thorburn, G.D.: Circulating levels of progesterone and corticosteroids in the pregnant ewe and its foetus. In: The Endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. Pierrepoint, C.G. (ed.), pp. 126140. Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha 1973
Bassett, J.M., Oxborrow, T.J., Smith, 1.D., Thorburn, G.D.: The concentration of progesterone in the peripheral plasma of the pregnant ewe. J. Endocrinol. 45 449–457 (1969)
Bassett, J.M., Thorburn, G.D., Wallace, A.L.C.: The plasma growth hormone concentration of the foetal lamb. J. Endocrinol. 48 251–263 (1970)
Bast, J.D., Greenwald, G.S.: Serum profiles of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin during the estrous cycle of the hamster. Endocrinology 94 1295–1299 (1974)
Beck, J. S.: Time of appearance of human placental lactogen in the embryo. N. Engl. J. Med. 283. 189–190 (1970)
Beck, P.: Lactogenic activity of human chorionic somatomammotropin in rhesus monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 140 183–187 (1972)
Bedford, C.A., Harrison, F.A., Heap, R.B.: The kinetics of progesterone metabolism in the pregnant sheep. In: The Endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. Pierrepoint, C.G. (ed.), pp. 83–93. Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha 1973
Bedwani, J.R., Marley, P.B.: Effect of ovariectomy and of various hormones on the synthesis of progesterone by the guinea-pig placenta in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert. 26, 343–349 (1971)
Belanger, C., Shome, B., Friesen, H., Myers, R.E.: Studies of the secretion of monkey placental lactogen. J. Clin. Invest. 50. 2660–2667 (1971)
Beling, C.: Estrogens. In: Endocrinology of pregnancy. Fuchs, F., Klopper, A. (eds.), 2nd ed., pp. 76–98. New York: Harper & Row, 1977
Bel Isle, D.M., Swanson, L.: Effect of calf contact on hormonally induced lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 509512 (1978)
Benson, G.K., Cowie. A.T., Cox, C.P., Flux, D.S., Folley, S.J.: Studies on the hormonal induction of mammary growth and lactation in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 13, 46–58 (1955)
Benson, G.K., Cowie, A.T., Cox, C.P., Folley, S.J., Hosking, Z.D.: Relative efficiency of hexoestrol and progesterone as oily solutions and as crystalline suspensions in inducing mammary growth and lactation in early and late ovariectomized goats. J. Endocrinol. 31, 157–167 (1965)
Bern, H.A., Jones, L.A., Mills, K.T., Kohrman, A., Mori, T.: Use of the neonatal mouse in studying longterm effects of early exposure to hormones and other agents. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health [Suppl. 1] 103–106 (1976)
Bevers, M.M., Willemse, A.H., Kruip, T.A.M.: Plasma prolactin levels in the sow during lactation and the postweaning period as measured by radioimmunoassay. Biol. Reprod. 19 628–634 (1978)
Bielert, C., Czaja, J.A., Eisele, S., Scheffler, G., Robinson, J.A., Goy, R.W.: Mating in the rhesus monkey (Macaw mulatto) after conception and its relationship to oestradiol and progesterone levels throughout pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fert. 46, 179–187 (1976)
Bjersing, L., Hay, M.F., Kann, G., Moor, R.M., Naftolin, F., Scaramuzzi, R.J., Short, R.V., Younglai, E.V.: Changes in gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids, and follicular morphology in sheep at oestrus. J. Endocrinol. 52 465–479 (1972)
Blatchley, F.R., Donovan, B.T., Ter Haar, M.B.: Plasma progesterone and gonadotrophin levels during the estrous cycle of the guinea-pig. Biol. Reprod. 15, 29–38 (1976)
Blom, A.K., Hove, K., Nedkvitne, J.J.: Plasma insulin and growth hormone concentrations in pregnant sheep. II. Post-absorptive levels in mid-and late pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 82 553–560 (1976)
Bolander, F.F., Fellows, R.E.: The purification and characterization of rabbit placental lactogen. Biochem. J. 159, 775–782 (1976a)
Bolander, F.F., Fellows, R.E.: Purification and characterization of bovine placental lactogen. J. Biol. Chem. 251 2703–2708 (1976b)
Bolander, F.F., Ulberg, L.C., Fellows, R.E.: Circulating placental lactogen levels in dairy and beef cattle. Endocrinology 99, 1273–1278 (1976)
Bonnin, M., Mondain-Monval, M., Dutournü, B.: Oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood in pregnant red foxes (Vulpes Pulpes) J. Reprod. Fert. 54 37–41 (1978)
Bosu, W.T.K., Johansson, E.D.B., Gemzell, C.: Peripheral plasma levels of oestrone, oestradiol-17ß and progesterone during ovulatory menstrual cycles in the rhesus monkey with specific reference to the onset of menstruation. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 74 732–742 (1973a)
Bosu, W.T.K., Johansson, E.D.B., Gemzell, C.: Patterns of circulating oestrone, oestradiol-17ß and progesterone during pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 74 743–755 (1973b)
Bousquet, M., Flüchon, J.E., Denamur, R.: Aspects ultrastructuraux de la glande mammaire de lapine pendant la lactogünese. Z. Zellf. Mikroskop. Anat. 96,418–436 (1969)
Boyar, R.M., Finkelstein, J.W., Kapen, S., Hellman, L.: Twenty-four hour prolactin (PRL) secretory patterns during pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 40 1117–1120 (1975)
Bresciani, F.: Ovarian steroid control of cell proliferation in the mammary gland and cancer. In: Basic actions of sex steroids on target organs. Hubinont, P.O., Leroy, F., Galand, P. (eds.), pp. 130–159. Basel: Karger 1971
Brinkley, H.J., Wilfinger, W.W., Young, E.P.: Plasma PRL in the estrous cycle of the pig. J. Anim. Sci. 37, 303 (1973)
Brown, R.E.: Relactation: an overview. Pediatrics 60, 116–120 (1977)
Brown, R.E.: Relactation with reference to application in developing countries. Clin. Pediatr. 17 333–337 (1978)
Bryant, G.D., Chamley, W.A.: Plasma relaxin and prolactin immunoactivities in pregnancy and at parturition in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 48 201–204 (1976)
Bullough, W.S.: Mitotic control in adult mammalian tissues. Biol. Rev. 50 99–127 (1975)
Burd, L.I., Lemons, J.A., Makowski, E.L., Meschia, G., Niswender, G.: Mammary blood flow and endocrine changes during parturition in the ewe. Endocrinology 98, 748–754 (1976)
Burke, C.W., Roulet, F.: Increased exposure of tissues to cortisol in late pregnancy. Br. Med. J. i, 657–659 (1970)
Burns, J.M., Easley, R.G.: Hormonal control of delayed development in the Californian leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus. III. Changes in plasma progesterone during pregnancy. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 32 163–166 (1977)
Burns, J. M., Wallace, W.E.: Hormonal control of delayed development in Macrotus waterhousii. Il. Radioimmunoassay of plasma estrone and estradiol-17ß during pregnancy. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 25 529–533 (1975)
Butcher, R.L., Collins, W.E., Fugo, N.W.: Plasma concentration of LH, FSH, prolactin, progesterone and estradiol-17ß throughout the 4-day estrous cycle of the rat. Endocrinology 94, 1704–1708 (1974)
Butcher, R.L., Fugo, N.W., Collins, W.E.: Semicircadian rhythm in plasma levels of prolactin during early gestation in the rat. Endocrinology 90 1125–1127 (1972)
Butler, W.R., Krey, L.C., Lu, K.-H., Peckham, W.D., Knobil, E.: Surgical disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary function in the rhesus monkey. IV. Prolactin secretion. Endocrinology 96, 1099–1105 (1975)
Buttle, H.L.: Seasonal variation of prolactin in plasma of male goats. J. Reprod. Fert. 37, 95–99 (1974)
Buttle, H.L.: The maintenance of pregnancy in hypophysectomized goats. J. Reprod. Fert. 52 255–260 (1978)
Buttle, H.L., Forsyth, I.A.: Placental lactogen in the cow. J. Endocrinol. 68, 141–146 (1976)
Buttle, H.L., Forsyth, I.A., Knaggs, G.S.: Plasma prolactin measured by radioimmunoassay and bioassay in pregnant and lactating goats and the occurrence of a placental lactogen. J. Endocrinol. 53 483–491 (1972)
Buttle, H.L., Cowie, A.T., Jones, E.A., Turvey, A.: Mammary growth during pregnancy in hypophysectomized or bromocriptine-treated goats. J. Endocrinol. 80 343–351 (1979)
Caillol, M., Martinet, L.: Preliminary results on plasma progesterone levels during pregnancy and superfetation in the hare, Lepus europaeus. J. Reprod. Fert. 46, 61–64 (1976)
Carrick, F. N., Drinan, J.P., Cox, R.I.: Progestagens and oestrogens in peripheral plasma of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. J. Reprod. Fert. 43 375–376 (1975)
Catchpole, H.R.: Hormonal mechanisms in pregnancy and parturition. In: Reproduction in domestic animals. Cole, H.H., Cupps, P.T. (eds.), 3rd ed., pp. 341–368. New York, San Francisco, London: Academic Press 1977
Ceriani, R.L.: Synthesis of casein-like material by rat mammary gland anlagen under hormonal stimulation in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 44 457–458 (1969)
Ceriani, R.L.: Fetal mammary gland differentiation in vitro in response to hormones. I. Morphological findings. Dev. Biol. 21 506–529 (1970a)
Ceriani, R.L.: Fetal mammary gland differentiation in vitro in response to hormones. II. Biochemical findings. Dev. Biol. 21 530–546 (1970b)
Ceriani, R.L.: Hormones and other factors controlling growth in the mammary gland: A review. J. Invest. Dermatol. 63, 93–108 (1974)
Ceriani, R., Pitelka, D.R., Bern, H.A., Colley, V.B.: Ultrastructure of rat mammary-gland anlagen in vivo and after culture with hormones. J. Exp. Zool. 174 79–99 (1970)
Chakriyarat, S., Head, H.H., Thatcher, W.W., Neal, F.C., Wilcox, C.J.: Induction of lactation: Lactational, physiological, and hormonal responses in the bovine. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 1715–1724 (1978)
Challis, J.R.G.: Sharp increase in free circulating oestrogens immediately before parturition in sheep.Nature 229 208 (1971)
Challis, J.R.G., Linzell, J.L.: The concentration of total unconjugated oestrogens in the plasma of pregnant goats. J. Reprod. Fert. 26, 401–404 (1971)
Challis, J.R.G., Thorburn, G.D.: Prenatal endocrine function and the initiation of parturition. Br. Med. Bull. 31, 57–61 (1975)
Challis, J.R.G., Heap, R.B., Illingworth, V.: Concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma of non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating guinea-pigs. J. Endocrinol. 51, 333–345 (1971)
Challis, J.R.G., Davies, I.J., Ryan, K.J.: The concentration of progesterone, estrone and estradiol-17ß in the plasma of pregnant rabbits. Endocrinology 93, 971–976 (1973a)
Challis, J.R.G., Harrison, F.A., Heap, R.B.: The kinetics of oestrogen metabolism in the pregnant sheep. In: The endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. Pierrepoint, C.G. (ed.), pp. 73–82. Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha 1973 b
Challis, J.R.G., Kendall, J.Z., Robinson, J.S., Thorburn, G.D.: The regulation of corticosteroids during late pregnancy and their role in parturition. Biol. Reprod. 16, 57–69 (1977)
Chamley, W.A., Buckmaster, J.M., Cerini, M.E., Cumming, I.A., Goding, J.R., Obst, J.M., Williams, A., Winfield, C.: Changes in the levels of progesterone, corticosteroids, estrone, estradiol-l7ß, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in the peripheral plasma of the ewe during late pregnancy and at parturition. Biol. Reprod. 9, 30–35 (1973)
Chan, J.S.D., Robertson, H.A., Friesen, H.G.: Maternal and fetal concentrations of ovine placental lactogen measured by radioimmunoassay. Endocrinology 102 1606–1613 (1978)
Chard, T.: Monitoring the fetoplacental unit the placenta. Postgrad. Med. J. 51, 221–226 (1975)
Chatterton, R.T.: Progesterone and mammary gland development. In: The sex steroids. Molecular mechanisms. McKerns, K.W. (ed.), pp. 345–382. New York: Meredith 1971
Chew, P.C.T., Ratnam, S.S.: Serial levels of plasma oestradiol-17ß at the approach of labour. J. Endocrinol. 71, 267–268 (1976)
Clements, A.S., Newsome H.H., Jr.: Assay of cortisol, corticosterone, and 1 1-deoxycortisol and cortisone in ovine peripheral and adrenal venous plasma. J. Endocrinol. 56, 413–419 (1973)
Cohen, R.: Breast feeding without pregnancy. Pediatrics 48 996–997 (1971)
Collier, R.J., Bauman, D.E., Hays, R.L.: Milk production and reproductive performance of cows hormonally induced into lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 58 1524–1527 (1975)
Collier, R.J., Croom, W.J., Bauman, D.E., Hays, R.L., Nelson, D.R.: Cellular studies of mammary tissue from cows hormonally induced into lactation: lactose and fatty acid synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 59,1226–1231 (1976)
Collier, R.J., Bauman, D.E., Hays, R.L.: Effects of reserpine on milk production and serum prolactin of cows hormonally induced into lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 60, 896–901 (1977)
Comline, R.S., Hall, L.W., Lavelle, R.B., Nathanielsz, P.W., Silver, M.: Parturition in the cow: endocrine changes in animals with chronically implanted catheters in the foetal and maternal circulations. J. Endocrinol. 63, 451–472 (1974)
Concannon, P.W., Hansel, W., Visek, W.J.: The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma oestrogen, LH and progesterone. Biol. Reprod. 13. 112–121 (1975)
Concannon, P.W., Powers, M.E., Holder, W., Hansel, W.: Pregnancy and parturition in the bitch. Biol. Reprod. 16, 517–526 (1977)
Concannon, P.W., Butler, W.R., Hansel, W.. Knight, P.J., Hamilton, J.M.: Parturition and lactation in the bitch: serum progesterone, cortisol and prolactin. Biol. Reprod. 19, 1113–1118 (1978)
Cooper, A.P.: On the anatomy of the breast. London: Longman, Orme, Green, Brown Longman 1840
Cowie, A.T.: Pregnancy diagnosis tests: A review. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Joint Publication, No. 13, Great Britain, 1948
Cowie, A.T.: The relative growth of the mammary gland in normal, gonadectomized and adrenalectomized rats. J. Endocrinol. 6, 145–157 (1949)
Cowie, A.T.: The hormonal control of milk secretion. In: Milk: The mammary gland and its secretion.Kon, S.K., Cowie, A.T. (eds.), pp. 163–203. New York, London: Academic Press 1961
Cowie, A.T.: Influences of hormones on mammary growth and milk secretion. In: Lactation. Falconer, I.E. (ed.), pp. 123–140. London: Butterworths 1971
Cowie, A.T.: Backward glances. In: Physiology of mammary glands. Yokoyama, A., Mizuno, H., Nagasawa, H. (eds.), pp. 43–68. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press; Baltimore: University Press 1978
Cowie, A.T., Tindal, J.S., Yokoyama, A.: The induction of mammary growth in the hypophysectomized goat. J. Endocrinol. 34, 185–195 (1966)
Cowie, A.T., Tindal, J.S.: The physiology of lactation. London: Arnold 1971
Cowie, A.T., Folley, S.J., Malpress, F.H., Richardson, K.C.: Studies on the hormonal induction of mammary growth and lactation in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 8 64–88 (1952)
Cowie, A.T., Cox, C.P., Folley, S.J., Hosking, Z.D., Tindal, J.S.: Relative efficiency of crystalline suspensions of hexoestrol and of oestradiol monobenzoate in inducing mammary development and lactation in the goat; and effects of relaxion on mammogenesis and lactation. J. Endocrinol. 31 165–172 (1965a)
Cowie, A.T., Cox, C.P., Folley, S.J., Hosking, Z.D., Naito, M., Tindal, J.S.: The effects of the duration of treatments with oestrogen and progesterone on the hormonal induction of mammary growth and lactation in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 32 129–139 (1965b)
Cowie, A.T., Knaggs, G.S., Tindal, J.S., Turvey, A.: The milking stimulus and mammary growth in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 40 243–252 (1968)
Cross, B.A., Goodwin, R.F.W., Silver, I.A.: A histological and functional study of the mammary gland in normal and agalactie sows. J. Endocrinol. 17 63–74 (1958)
Csapo, A.I., Wiest, W.G.: An examination of the quantitative relationship between progesterone and the maintenance of pregnancy. Endocrinology 85 735–746 (1969)
Currie, W.B., Thorburn, G.D.: Parturition in goats. J. Endocrinol. 73, 263–278 (1977)
Currie, W.B., Wong, M.S.F., Cox, R.I., Thorburn, G.D.: Spontaneous or dexamethasone-induced parturition in sheep and goats: changes in plasma concentrations of maternal prostaglandin F and foetal oestrogen sulphate. Mem. Soc. Endocrinol. 20 95–118 (1973)
Currie, W.B., Kelly, P.A., Friesen, H.G., Thorburn, G.D.: Caprine placental lactogen: levels of prolactinlike and growth hormone-like activities in the circulation of pregnant goats determined by radioreceptor assays. J. Endocrinol. 73, 215–226 (1977)
Czaja, J.A., Robinson, J.A., Eisele, S.G., Scheffler, G., Goy, R.W.: Relationship between sexual skin colour of female rhesus monkeys and mid-cycle plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone. J. Reprod. Fert. 49, 147–150 (1977)
Dalle, M., Deldst, P.: Plasma and adrenal cortisol concentrations in foetal, newborn and mother guinea-pigs during the perinatal period. J. Endocrinol. 70. 207–214 (1976)
Daniel, J.C., Jr.: Circulating levels of oestradiol-17ß during early pregnancy in the Alaskan fur seal showing an oestrogen surge preceding implantation. J. Reprod. Fert. 37, 425–428 (1974)
Davis, S.L., Reichert, L.E., Niswender, G.D.: Serum levels of prolactin in sheep as measured by radioimmunoassay. Biol. Reprod. 4 145–153 (1971)
Deanesly, R., Parkes, A.S.: Lactation: can we learn from primitive peoples? Colloq. Int. C. N. R. S. 32 173–180 (1951)
De Hertogh, R., Thomas, K.. Bietlot, Y., Vanderheyden, I., Ferin, J.: Plasma levels of unconjugated estrone, estradiol and estriol and of HCS throughout pregnancy in normal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40 93–101 (1975)
Delouis, C., Combaud, M.-L.: Lack of mitotic effects of insulin during synthesis of casein induced by prolactin in pseudopregnant rabbit mamary gland organ cultures. J. Endocrinol. 72 393–394 (1977)
Delouis, C., Djiane, J., Kann, G., Terqui, M., Head, H.H.: Induced lactation in cows and heifers by shortterm treatment with steroid hormones. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys. 18 721–734 (1978)
Denamur, R.: Les acides nuclüiques de la glande mammaire pendant la gestation et la lactation de la lapine. C. R. Acad. Sci. [D] (Paris) 256,4748–4750 (1963)
Denamur, R.: Les acides nuclüiques et les nuclüotides libre de la glande mammaire pendant la lactogenese et la galactopoi¨¨se. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 83 Part 1,434–462 (1965)
Denamur, R.: Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Physiology. Hormonal control of lactogenesis. J. Dairy Res. 38 237–264 (1971)
Denamur, R., Delouis, C.: Effects of progesterone and prolactin on the secretory activity and the nucleic acid content of the mammary gland of pregnant rabbits. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 70 603–618 (1972)
Denamur, R., Martinet, J.: Effects de l’hypophysectomie et de la section dc la tige pituitaire sur la gestation de la brebis. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 22 755–759 (1961)
Desjardins, C. Paape, M, J., Tucker, H.A.: Contribution of pregnancy, fetuses, fetal placentas and deciduomas to mammary gland and uterine development. Endocrinology 83, 907–910 (1968)
Dickerman, E., Dickerman, S., Meites, J.: Influence of age, sex and estrous cycle on pituitary and plasma GH levels in rats. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 244 252–260. (1972)
Diczfalusy, E.: Reproductive endocrinology and the merry post-war period. J. Endocrinol. 79,3P–17P (1978)
Dilley, W.G., Nandi, S.: Rat mammary gland differentiation in vitro in the absence of steroids. Science (New York) 161, 59–60 (1968)
Djiane, J., Kann, G.: Mise en üvidence de l’activitü lactogüne et mesure dans le sürum de l’activitü prolactinique du placenta chez la brebis au cours de la gestation. C. R. Acad. Sci. [D] (Paris) 280 2785–2788 (1975)
Dobson, H., Dean, P.D.G.: Radioimmunoassay of oestrone, oestradiol-17a and -17/3 in bovine plasma during the oestrous cycle and last stages of pregnancy. J. Endocrinol. 61, 479–486 (1974)
Dodds, E.C.: Possibilities in the realm of synthetic estrogens. Vitam. Horm. 3 229–235 (1945)
Döhler, K.D., Wuttke, W.: Changes with age in levels of serum gonadotropins, prolactin and gonadal steroids in prepubertal male and female rats. Endocrinology 97, 898–907 (1975)
Drews, U., Drews, U.: Regression of mouse mammary gland anlagen in recombinants of Tfin and wild-type tissues: testosterone acts via the mesenchyme. Cell 10 401–404 (1977)
Drife, J.O., McClelland, D.B.L., Pryde, A., Roberts, M.M., Smith, I.I.: Immunoglobulin synthesis in the “resting” breast. Br. Med. J. ii 503–506 (1976)
Driver, P.M., Brown, W.B., Scanes, C.G., Forbes, J.M.: Serum growth hormone levels in growing lambs at two daylengths and two levels of feeding. J. Endocrinol. 69, 44P (1976)
Drost, M., Kumagai, L.F., Guzman, M.: Sequential foetal-maternal cortisol levels in sheep. J. Endocrinol. 56, 483–492 (1973)
Dupon, C., Kim, M.H.: Peripheral plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, and oestradiol during the rat oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 59, 653–654 (1973)
Durand, P., Djiane, J.: Lactogenic activity in the serum of rabbits during pregnancy and early lactation. J. Endocrinol. 75, 33–42 (1977)
Echternkamp, S.E., Hansel, W.: Concurrent changes in bovine plasma hormone levels prior to and during the first postpartum estrous cycle. J. Anim. Sei. 37 1362–1370 (1973)
Eden, S., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Isaksson, O.: Plasma levels of growth hormone in female rats of different ages. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 88 676–690 (1978)
Edgerton, L.A., Hafs, H.D.: Serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin, glucocorticoid, and progestin in dairy cows from calving to gestation. J. Dairy Sci. 56, 451–458 (1973)
Edqvist, L.-E., Ekman, L., Gustafsson, B., Johansson, E.D.B.: Peripheral plasma levels of oestrogens and progesterone during late bovine pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 72 81–88 (1973a)
Edqvist, L.-E., Ekman, L., Gustafsson, B., Lindell, J.-O.: Peripheral plasma levels of estrone and progesterone after oäphorectomy in the pregnant cow. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) [Suppl. 177], 43 (1973b)
Edqvist, L.-E., Ekman, L., Gustafsson, B., Lindell, J.-O.: Estrone and progesterone plasma levels of normal cows and cows with parturient paresis. Acta Vet. Scand. 15 587–596 (1974)
Ehara, Y., Yen, S.S.C., Siler, T.M.: Serum prolactin levels during puberty. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121 995–997 (1975)
El Etreby, M.F.: Immunohistological localization of antigens related to human chorionic gonadotrophin and human placental lactogen in the uterus of pregnant beagle dogs. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 79, 157–163 (1975)
Elias, J.J.: Effect of insulin and cortisol on organ cultures of adult mouse mammary gland. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 101 500–502 (1959)
Emady, M., Hadley, J.C., Noakes, D.E.. Arthur, G.H.: Progesterone level in the peripheral blood of pregnant ewes. Vet. Rec. 95, 168–169 (1974)
Erb, R.E., Malven, P.V., Monk, E.L., Smith, K.L., Schanbacher, F.L., Willett, L.B.: Hormone induced lactation in the cow. IV. Relationships between lactational performance and hormone concentrations in blood plasma. J. Dairy Sci. 59, 1420–1428 (1976a)
Erb, R.E, Monk, E.L, Mollett, T.A., Malven, P.V, Callahan, C.J.: Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and other changes associated with bovine lactation induced with oestradiol-l7ß and progesterone. J. Anim. Sci. 42 644–654 (1976b)
Evans, M.J., Irvine, C.H.G.: Serum concentrations of FSH, LH and progesterone during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 193–200 (1975)
Fanger, H., Ree, H.J.: Cyclic changes of human mammary gland epithelium in relation to menstrual cycle an ultrastructural study. Cancer 34 574–585 (1974)
Fürreri, L.F., Griffiths, D.R.: Inhibition of experimental lactational mammary gland growth in the rat with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 155, 429–432 (1977)
Fevre, J., Lüglise, P.-C., Rombauts, P.: Du rôle de l’hypophyse et des ovaries dans la biosynth¨¨se des oestrog¨¨nes au cours de la gestation chez la truie. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys. 8 225–233 (1968)
F¨¨vre, J., Lüglise, P.-C., Reynaud, O.: Rôle des surrünales maternelles dans la production d’oestrog¨¨nes par la truie gravide. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys. 12 559–567 (1972)
Field, D.E., Gow, C.B., McDowell, G.H., Gooden, J.M.: Artificial induction of lactation with prostaglandin F„. Theriogenology 8 133 (1977)
Fieser, L.F., Fieser, M.: Steroids. New York: Reinhold; London: Chapman Hall 1959
Fleet, I.R., Peaker, M.: Mammary function and its control at the cessation of lactation in the goat. J. Physiol. 279, 491–507 (1978)
Fleet, I.R., Goode, J.A., Hamon, M.H., Laurie, M.S., Linzell, J.L., Peaker, M.: Secretory activity of goat mammary glands during pregnancy and the onset of lactation. J. Physiol. 251. 763–773 (1975)
Flint, A.P.F., Goodson, J.D., Turnbull. A.C.: Increased concentrations of 17x, 20x-dihydroxypregn-4-en3-one in maternal and foetal plasma near parturition in sheep. J. Endocrinol. 67, 89–97 (1975)
Flint, A.P.F., Kingston, E.J., Robinson, J.S., Thorburn, G.D.: Mechanism by which foetal cortisol induces parturition in goats. J. Physiol. 271. 62P–63P (1977)
Flint, A.P.F., Kingston, E.J., Robinson, J.S., Thorburn, G.D.: Initiation of parturition in the goat: Evidence for control by foetal glucocorticoid through activation of placental C21-steroid 17vhydroxylase. J. Endocrinol. 78. 367–378 (1978)
Flood, P.F., Marrable, A.W.: A histochemical study of steroid metabolism in the equine fetus and placenta. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 569–573 (1975)
Florensa, E, Harrison, R, Johnson, M, Youssefnejadian, E.: Plasma 20x-dihydroxyprogesterone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in normal human pregnancy. Acta-Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86, 634–640 (1977)
Flux, D.S.: Growth of the mammary duct system in intact and ovariectomized mice of the CHI strain. J. Endocrinol. 11 223–237 (1954)
Folley, S.J.: Lactation. In: Marshall’s physiology of reproduction. Parkes, A.S., (ed.), 3rd ed. vol. 2, pp. 525–649 London: Longmans, Green 1952
Folley, S.J.: The physiology and biochemistry of lactation. Edinburgh, London: Oliver Boyd 1956 Folley, S.J., Guthkelch, A.N.. Zuckerman. S.: The mammary gland of the rhesus monkey under normal and experimental conditions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 126 469–491 (1939)
Folley, S.J., Scott Watson, H.M., Bottomley, A.C.: Induction of lactation in goats with diethylstilboestrol dipropionate. J. Physiol. 98,15P–16P (1940)
Folley, S.J., Scott Watson, H.M., Bottomley, A.C.: Studies on experimental teat and mammary development and lactation in the goat. J. Dairy Res. 12. 241–264 (1941a)
Folley, S.J., Scott Watson, H.M., Bottomley, A.C.: Initiation of lactation in nulliparous heifers by diüthylstilboestrol. J. Physiol. 100 7P (1941b)
Forbes, J.M., Driver, P.M, El Shahat, A.A., Boaz, T.G., Scanes, C.G.: The effect of daylength and level of feeding on serum prolactin in growing lambs. J. Endocrinol. 64, 549–554 (1975)
Forbes, T.R.: Witch’s milk and witches’ marks. Yale J. Biol. Med. 22. 219–225 (1950)
Forsyth, I.A.: Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Organ culture techniques and the study of hormone effects on the mammary gland. J. Dairy Res. 38 419–444 (1971)
Forsyth, l.A.: Secretion of a prolactin-like hormone by the placenta in ruminants. In: Le corps jaune. Denamur, R., Netter, A. (eds.), pp. 239–255. Paris: Masson 1973
Forsyth, LA.: The comparative study of placental lactogenic hormones. A review. In: Lactogenic hormones, fetal nutrition and lactation. Josimovich, J.B., Reynolds, M., Cobo, E. (eds.), pp. 49–67. New York: Wiley 1974
Forsyth, LA., Hayden, T.J.: Comparative endocrinology of mammary growth and lactation. In: Comparative aspects of lactation. Peaker. M. (ed.), 135–163. London: Zoological Society of London 1977
Forsyth, 1. A., Jones, E. A.: Organ culture of mammary gland and placenta in the study of hormone action and placental lactogen secretion. In: Organ culture in biomedical research. Balls, M., Monnickendam, M.A., (eds.), pp. 201–221. Cambridge: University Press 1976,: Studies on milk composition and lactogenic hormones in the mare. J. Reprod. Fcrt. [Suppl. 23], 631–635 (1975)
Foss, G.L., Short, D.: Abnormal lactation. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 58 35–46 (1950)
Freeman, M.E., Smith, M.S., Nazian, S.J., Neill, J.D.: Ovarian and hypothalamic control of the daily surges of prolactin secretion during pseudopregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 94, 875–882 (1974)
Fremcry, P. de: On the influence of different hormones on lactation. J. Physiol. 87 50P–5I P (1936)
Friesen, H., Hwang, P., Guyda, H., Tolls, G., Tyson, J., Myers, R: A radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. In: Prolactin and Carcinogenesis. Boyns, A.R., Griffiths, K. (eds.), pp. 64–80. Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha 1972a
Friesen, H.. Shome. B, Belanger, C, Hwang. P, Guyda. H, Myers, R.: The synthesis and secretion of human and monkey placental lactogen (HPL and MPL) and pituitary prolactin (HPr and MPr). Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 244, 224–238 (1972b)
Fujii, K., Hoshino, K., Shimizu, A., lchinomiya, K., Uruta, Y.: Initiation of lactation in castrated women and sterile women with or without secondary amenorrhoea by priming with estrogen and luteoid and treating with prolactin. Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ. 6. 1–8 (1959)
Fulkerson, W.J.: Artificial induction of lactation in maiden heifers. Theriogenology 8, 136 (1977)
Fulkerson, W.J.: Artificial induction of lactation: a comparative study in heifers. Aust. J. Biol. Sei. 31, 6571 (1978)
Fulkerson, W.J., McDowell, G.H.: Artificial induction of lactation in ewes. J. Endocrinol. 63, 167–173 (1974)
Fulkerson, W.J., McDowell, G.H.: Artificial induction of lactation in cattle by use of dexamethasone trimethylacctate. Aust. J. Biol. Sei. 28 183–187 (1975)
Fulkerson, W.J., McDowell, G.H., Hooley, R.D., Fell, L.R.: Artificial induction of lactation in ewes: the use of prostaglandin. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 30 573–576 (1977)
Fylling, P.: The effect of pregnancy, ovariectomy and parturition on plasma progesterone level in sheep. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 65, 273–283 (1970)
Ganjam, V.K., Kenney, R.M., Flickinger, G.: Plasma progestagens in cyclic, pregnant and post-partum mares. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 441–447 (1975)
Garcia, J.F., Geschwind, 1.I.: Investigation of growth hormone secretion in selected mammalian species. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 158 267–291 (1968)
Garverick, H.A., Erb, R.E., Niswender, G.D., Callahan, C.J.: Reproductive steroids in the bovine. III. Changes during the estrous cycle. J. Anim. Sci. 32 946–956 (1971)
Gelato, M.C., Meites, J., Wuttke, W.: Adrenal involvement in the timing of puberty in female rats: interaction with serum prolactin levels. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 89, 590–598 (1978)
Gleeson, A. R., Thorburn, G.D.: Selected factors that affect the measurement of plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant ewes. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 27 659–669 (1974)
Glencross, R.G.: The concentrations of oestrogens and progesterone in the jugular vein blood of female domestic cattle (Bos taurus) in various physiological states. PhD Dissertation, University of Reading 1978
Glencross, R.G., Munro, LB., Senior, B.E., Pope, G.S.: Concentrations of oestradiol-17/3, oestrone and progesterone in jugular venous plasma of cows during the oestrous cycle and in early pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 73, 374–384 (1973)
Goldman, A.S., Shapiro, B.H., Neumann, F.: Role of testosterone and its metabolites in the differentiation of the mammary gland in rats. Endocrinology 99, 1490–1495 (1976)
Goncharov, N., Aso. T.. Cekan. Z., Pachalia, N., Diczfalusy, E.: Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle of the baboon (Papio hamadrva.). Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 82 396–412 (1976)
Gonzalez, R., Verly, W.G.: Isolation of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis specific for normal and malignant mammary cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73. 2196–2200 (1976)
Gonzalez, R., Verly, W.G.: Purification of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis in mammary cells. Eur. J. Cancer 14 689–697 (1978)
Gorski, J., Erb, R.E.: Characterization of estrogens in the bovine. Endocrinology 64. 707–712 (1959)
Grachev, 1.1., Galantsev, V.P.: Fiziologiya laktatsii, obshchaya i sravnitel’naya. Leningrad: Nauka 1973
Gräf, K.-J.: Serum oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin concentrations in cyclic, pregnant and lactating beagle dogs. J. Reprod. Fert. 52 9–14 (1978)
Greenwald, G.S., Bast, J.D.: Hormone patterns in pregnant or pseudopregnant hamsters after unilateral ovariectomy or hysterectomy. Biol. Reprod. 18 658–662 (1978)
Griffith, D.R., Turner, C.W.: Experimental “lactational” mammary gland growth in the rat as measured by DNA. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 112 424–427 (1963)
Griffiths, M., Elliott, M.A., Leckie, R.M.C., Schoefl, G.H.: Observations on the comparative anatomy and ultrastructure of mammary glands and on the fatty acids of the triglycerides in platypus and echidna milk fats. J. Zool. (Lund.) 169, 255–279 (1973)
Grishchenko, l.l., Grishchenko, M.P.: Redkii sluchai poyavleniya laktatsii vne beremennosti i poslerodovogo perioda. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya 43 No 1. 66–67 (1967)
Grumbach, M.M., Kaplan. S.L., Vinik, A.: Clinical evaluation of hormonal excess and deficiency: role of HCS in pregnancy. In: Methods in investigative and diagnostic endocrinology. Berson, B.A. (ed.). Vol. 2B, pp. 810–814. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co 1973
Guerrero, R., Aso, T., Brenner, P.F., Cekan, Z., Landgren, B.-M., Hagenfeldt, K., Diczfalusy, E.: Studies on the pattern of circulating steroids in the normal menstrual cycle. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 81, 133149 (1976)
Guthrie, H.D., Henricks, D.M., Handlin, D.L.: Plasma oestrogen, progesterone and luteinizing hormone prior to estrus and during early pregnancy in pigs. Endocrinology 91, 675–679 (1972)
Guyda, H.J., Friesen, H.G.: Serum prolactin levels in humans from birth to adult life. Pediatr. Res. 7, 534–540 (1973)
Hacker, R.R., Hill, D.L.: Nucleic acid content of mammary glands of virgin and pregnant gilts. J. Dairy Sci. 55 1295–1299 (1972)
Hadley, J.C.: Total unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in peripheral blood during the oestrous cycle of the dog. J. Reprod. Fert. 44 445–451 (1975)
Haller, A. von: Elementa physiologiae corporis humane, 2nd ed., Vol. 7, part 2, book 28, section 1: Mammae. Lausanna: Societas Typographica, 1778
Hammond, J.: The Physiology of reproduction in the cow. Cambridge: University Press 1927
Halban, J.: Die innere Sekretion von Ovarium and Placenta and ihre Bedeutung für die Funktion der Milchdrüse. Arch. Gynäkol. 75, 353–441 (1905)
Handwerger, S., Crenshaw, C., Maurer, W.F., Barrett, J., Hurley. T.W., Golander, A., Fellows, R.E.: Studies on ovine placental lactogen secretion by homologous radioimmunoassay. J. Endocrinol. 72 27–34 (1977)
Hansel, W., Concannon, P.W., Lukaszewska, J.H.: Corpora lutea of the large domestic animals. Biol. Reprod. 8 222–245 (1973)
Harness, J.R., Anderson, R.R.: Effect of relaxin on mammary gland growth and lactation in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 148 933–936 (1975)
Harness, J.R., Anderson, R.R.: Effect of relaxin and somatotropin in combination with ovarian steroids on mammary glands in rats. Biol. Reprod. 17, 599–603 (1977)
Harness, J.R., Anderson, R.R., Thompson, L.J., Early, D.M., Younis, A.K.: Induction of lactation by two techniques: Success rate, milk composition, estrogen and progesterone in serum and milk, and ovarian effects. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 1725–1735 (1978)
Harrington, F.E., Rothermel, J.D.: Daily changes in peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. Life Sci. 20 1333–1340 (1977)
Hart, I C.: The relationship between lactation and the release of prolactin and growth hormone in the goat. J. Reprod. Fert. 39, 485–499 (1974)
Hart, I.C.: Seasonal factors affecting the release of prolactin in goats in response to milking. J. Endocrinol. 64, 313–322 (1975)
Hart, I.C.: Prolactin, growth hormone, insulin and thyroxine: their possible roles in steroid-induced mammary growth and lactation in the goat. J. Endocrinol. 71 41P–42P (1976)
Hartmann, P.E.: Changes in the composition and yield of the mammary secretion of cows during the initiation of lactation. J. Endocrinol. 59,231–247 (1973)
Hartmann, P.E., Kulski, J.K.: Changes in the composition of the mammary secretion of women after abrupt termination of breast feeding. J. Physiol. 275, 1–11 (1978)
Hartmann, P.E., Trevethan, P., Shelton, J.N.: Progesterone and oestrogen and the initiation of lactation in ewes. J. Endocrinol. 59,249–259 (1973)
Hauger, R.L., Karsch, F.J., Foster, D.L.: A new concept for control of the estrous cycle of the ewe based on the temporal relationships between luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone in peripheral serum and evidence that progesterone inhibits tonic LH secretion. Endocrinology 101 807–817 (1977)
Hayden, T.J., Forsyth, I.A.: Bovine placental lactogen: purification and characterization. J. Endocrinol. 80 68P (1979)
Hayden, T.J., Bonney. R.C., Forsyth, I.A.: Ontogeny and control of prolactin receptors in the mammary gland and liver of virgin, pregnant and lactating rats. J. Endocrinol. 80 259–269 (1979a)
Hayden, T.J., Thomas, C.R., Forsyth, I.A.: Effect of number of young born (litter size) on milk yield of goats: role for placental lactogen. J. Dairy Sci. 62 53–57 (1979b)
Heap, R.B., Hammond Jr, J.,: Plasma progesterone levels in pregnant and pseudopregnant ferrets. J. Reprod. Fert. 39, 149–152 (1974)
Henderson, S.R., Baker. C.. Fink. G.: Oestradiol-l7ß and pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in the rat: a study using rectangular pulses of oestradiol-17/3 monitored by nonchromatographic radioimmunoassay. J. Endocrinol. 73, 441–453 (1977)
Henricks, D.M., Guthrie, H.D., Handlin, D.L.: Plasma estrogen, progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels during the estrous cycle in pigs. Biol. Reprod. 6, 210–218 (1972)
Herbst, A.L., Scully, R.E., Robboy, S.J., Poskanzer, D.C., Ulfeder, H.: Stilbestrol-induced abnormalities of the genital tract in young women. In: Progress in gynecology. Taymor, S.L., Green, T.H., Jr, (eds.), Vol. VI, pp. 647–668. New York: Grune Stratton 1975
Hiba, J., Del Pozo, E., Genazzani, A., Pusterla, E., Lancranjan, I., Sidiropoulos, D., Gunti, J.: Hormonal mechanism of milk secretion in the newborn. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 44 973–976 (1977)
Hoffmann, B.: Vorkommen and Bedeutung von Hormonen in der Milch. Milchwissenschaft 32,477–482 (1977)
Hoffmann, B., Schams, D., Gimünez, T., Ender, M.L., Herrmann, C., Karg, H.: Changes of progesterone, total oestrogens, corticosteroids, prolactin and LH in bovine peripheral plasma around parturition with special reference to the effect of exogenous corticoids and a prolactin inhibitor respectively. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 73 385–395 (1973)
Hoffmann, B., Schams, D., Bopp, R., Ender, M.L., Gimünez, T., Karg, H.: Luteotrophic factors in the cow: evidence for LH rather than prolactin. J. Reprod. Fert. 40 77–85 (1974)
Hoffmann, B., Wagner, W.C., Gimünez, T.: Free and conjugated steroids in internal and fetal plasma in the cow near term. Biol. Reprod. 15 126–133 (1976)
Hoffmann, B., Barth, D., Karg, H.: Progesterone and estrogen levels in peripheral plasma of the pregnant and nonpregnant roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Biol. Reprod. 19, 931–935 (1978)
Holtan, D.W., Nett, T.M., Estergreen, V.L.: Plasma progestins in pregnant, postpartum and cycling mares. J. Anim. Sci. 40 251–260 (1975)
Horrell, E., Major, P.W., Kilpatrick, R., Smith, B.M.: Progestational steroids during pseudopregnancy in the rabbit. J. Endocrinol. 55, 89–96 (1972)
Houck, J.C., Hunt, C.V.: Critique. In: Chalones. Houck, J.C. (ed.), pp. 483–491. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1976
Hove, K., Blom, A.K.: Plasma insulin and growth hormone concentrations in pregnant sheep. I. Diurnal variations in mid-and late pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 82 544–552 (1976)
Howe, J.E., Heald, C.W., Bibb, T.L.: Histology of induced bovine lactogenesis. J. Dairy Sci. 58 853–860 (1975)
Hudson, S., Mullford, M., Whittlestone, W.G., Payne, E.: Bovine plasma corticoids during parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 59, 744–746 (1976)
Hughes, E.S.R.: The development of the mammary gland. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 6, 99–119 (1950)
Hunter, J.T., Fairclough, R.J., Peterson, A.J., Welch, R.A.S.: Foetal and maternal hormonal changes preceding normal bovine parturition. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 84 653–662 (1977)
Illingworth, D.V., Challis, J.R.G., Ackland, N., Burton, A.M., Heap, R.B., Perry, J.S.: Parturition in the guinea-pig; plasma levels of steroid hormones, steroid-binding proteins, and oxytocin, and the effect of corticosteroids, prostaglandins and adrenocorticotrophin. J. Endocrinol. 63, 557–570 (1974)
Ingalls, W.G., Convey, E.M., Hafs, H.D.: Bovine serum LH, GH and prolactin during late pregnancy, parturition and early lactation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 143, 161–164 (1973)
Irving, G., Jones, D.E., Knifton, A.: Progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma of pregnant goats. J. Endocrinol. 53,447–452 (1972a)
Irving, G., Jones, D.E., Knifton, A.: Progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma of pregnant goats after ovariectomy and replacement therapy. Res. Vet. Sci. 13 301–303 (1972b)
Jacobs, L.S., Mariz, I.K., Daughaday, W.H.: A mixed heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 34 484–490 (1972)
Jaffe, R.B., Yuen, B.H., Keye, W.R., Midgley, A.R.: Physiologic and pathologic profiles of circulating human prolactin. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117 757–773 (1973)
Jean, C.: Action de deux hormones hypophysaires (prolactine et hormone somatotrope) sur la diffürenciation et le düveloppement embryonnaire de la glande mammaire de la souris. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 32 629–637 (1971)
Jean, C., Jean, C.: Croissance pürinatale des übauches mammaires chez la souris. C. R. Soc. Biol. 167. 1382–1385 (1973)
Jean, C., Jean, C., Veyssi¨¨re, G.: La croissance des übauches mammaires du foetus de souris. Influence du sexe, du stade de la gestation et de la position de l’übauche. Arch. Sci. Physiol. 26, 229–256 (1972)
Jean-Faucher, C., Berger, M., Turckheim, M. de., Veyssi¨¨re, G., Jean C.: Effects of an antioestrogen (MER 25) on sexual and mammary gland morphogenesis of the mouse fetus. J. Reprod. Fert. 51 481–482 (1977)
Jones, D.E., Knifton, A.: Progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma of goats during the oestrous cycle. Res. Vet. Sci. 13 193–195 (1972)
Jones, E.A.: Changes in the activity of lactose synthetase in the goat udder during pregnancy. J. Dairy Res. 46,35–40 (1978)
Jones, G.E., Boyns, A.R., Cameron, E.H.D., Bell, E.T., Christie, D.W., Parkes, M.F.: Plasma oestradiol, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone during pregnancy in the beagle bitch. J. Reprod. Fert. 35, 187–189 (1973)
Jones, G.E., Brownstone, A.D., Boyns, A.R.: Isolation of canine prolactin by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 82 691–705 (1976)
Jones, L.A., Bern, H.A.: Long-term effects of neonatal treatment with progesterone, alone or in combination with estrogen, on the mammary gland and reproductive tract of female BALB/cfC3H mice. Cancer Res. 37, 67–75 (1977)
Joshi, H.S., Watson, D.J., Labhsetwar, A.P.: Ovarian secretion of oestradiol, oestrone, 20-dihydroprogesterone and progesterone during the oestrous cycle of the guinea-pig. J. Reprod. Fert. 35, 177–181 (1973)
Kanchev, L.N.: Determination of the binding percentage of 17/3-oestradiol, progesterone, and testosterone to plasma proteins in cattle. Proceedings of VIII International Congress in Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Krakow, 3, 141–143 (1976)
Kann, G.: Variations de concentrations plasmatiques de l’hormone lutüinisante et la prolactine au cours du cycle oestrien de la brebis. C. R. Acad. Sci. D 272 2934–2937 (1971)
Kann, G., Denamur, R.: Possible rôle of prolactin during the oestrous cycle and gestation in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 39, 473–483 (1974)
Kann, G., Martinet, J.: Prolactin levels and duration of postpartum anoestrus in lactating ewes. Nature 257 63 (1975)
Kann, G., Martinet, J., Schirar, A.: Impairment of luteinising-hormone release following oestrogen administration in hyperprolactinaemic ewes. Nature 264 465–466 (1976)
Kaplan, S.L., Grumbach, M.M.: Effects of primate chorionic somatomammotropin on maternal and fetal metabolism. In: Lactogenic hormones, fetal nutrition, and lactation. Josimovich, J.B., Reynolds, M., Cobo, E. (eds.), pp. 183–191. New York: Wiley 1974
Kaplan, S.L., Grumbach, M.M., Shephard, T.H.: The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. I. Growth hormone and insulin. J. Clin. Invest. 51, 3080–3093 (1972)
Karg, H., Schams, D.: Prolactin release in cattle. J. Reprod. Fert. 39, 463–472 (1974)
Kelly, P.A., Robertson, H.A., Friesen, H.G.: Temporal patterns of placental lactogen and progesterone secretion in sheep. Nature 248 435–437 (1974)
Kelly, P.A., Tsushima, T., Shiu, R.P.C., Friesen, H.G.: Lactogenic and growth hormone-like activities in pregnancy determined by radioreceptor assays. Endocrinology 99, 765–774 (1976)
Killian, D.B., Garverick, H.A., Day, B.N.: Peripheral plasma progesterone and cortical levels at parturition in the sow. J. Anim. Sci. 37, 1371–1375 (1973)
Klopper, A.: Gonadal steroids. In: Scientific foundations of obstetrics and gynaecology. Philipp, E.E., Barnes, J. Newton, M. (eds.), 2nd ed., pp. 649–658. London: Heinemann Medical Books 1977
Klopper, A., Fuchs, F.: Progestagens. In: Endocrinology of pregnancy, Fuchs, F., Klopper. A. (eds.), 2nd ed. pp. 99–122. New York, Evanston, London: Harper Row 1977
Knight, J.W., Bazer, F.W., Thatcher, W.W., Franke, D.E., Wallace, H.D.: Conceptus development in intact and unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized gilts: interrelations among hormonal status, placental development, fetal fluids and fetal growth. J. Anim. Sci. 44 620–637 (1977 a)
Knight, P.J., Hamilton, J.M., Hiddleston, W.A.: Serum prolactin during pregnancy and lactation in the beagle bitch. Vet. Rec. 101,202–203 (1977b)
Knott, J.: Abnormal lactation: in the virgin; in the old woman; in the male; in the newborn of either sex (“witches’ milk”). Am. Med. 13, 373–378 (1907)
Koprowski, J.A., Tucker, H.A.: Serum prolactin during various physiological states and its relationship to milk production in the bovine. Endocrinology 92 1480–1487 (1973)
Kratochwil, K.: Organ specificity in mesenchymal induction demonstrated in the embryonic development of the mammary gland of the mouse. Dev. Biol. 20 46–71 (1969)
Kratochwil, K.: In vitro analysis of the hormonal basis for the sexual dimorphism in the embryonic development of the mouse mammary gland. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 25 141–153 (1971)
Kratochwil, K.: Experimental analysis of the prenatal development of the mammary gland. Mod. Prob. Paediatr. 15 1–15 (1975)
Kratochwil, K.: Development and loss of androgen responsiveness in the embryonic rudiment of the mouse mammary gland. Dev. Biol. 61, 358–365 (1977)
Kratochwil, K., Schwartz, P.: Tissue interaction in androgen response of embryonic mammary rudiment of mouse - identification of target tissue for testosterone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 4041–4044 (1976)
Kulski, J.K., Smith, M., Hartmann, P.E.: Perinatal concentrations of progesterone, lactose and a-lactalbumin in the mammary secretion of women. J. Endocrinol. 74, 509–510 (1977)
Kwong, F.J.: A histological study of the mammary gland of the cow during pregnancy. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 46 36–40 (1940)
Landeghem, A.A.J. van, Wiel, D.F.M. van de: Radioimmunoassay for porcine prolactin: plasma levels during lactation, suckling and weaning and after TRH administration. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 88 653–667 (1978)
Lascelles, A.K., Lee, C.S.: Involution of the mammary gland. In: Lactation. Larson, B.L. (ed.), Vol. 4, pp. 115–177. New York, London: Academic Press 1978
Lasfargues, E.Y., Murray, M.R.: Hormonal influences on the differentiation and growth of embryonic mouse mammary glands in organ culture. Dev. Biol. 1 413–435 (1959)
Lasley, B., Hendrickx, A.G., Stabenfeldt, G.H.: Estradiol levels near the time of ovulation in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). Biol. Reprod. 11 237–244 (1974)
Lauzon, S. de, Urich, F., Vandel, S., Cittanova, N., Jayle, M.F.: Determination of progesterone and of free and conjugated estrogens in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. Steroids 24 31–40 (1974)
Lemon, M.: Peripheral plasma progesterone during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). J. Endocrinol. 55, 63–71 (1972)
Lewis, A.A., Turner, C.W.: Effect of stilbestrol on the mammary gland of the mouse, rabbit and goat. J. Dairy Sci. 24 845–860 (1941)
Liang-Tang, L.K., Soloff, M.S.: Characterization of a binding protein specific for 17/3-estradiol and estrone in rat pregnancy plasma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 263, 753–763 (1972)
Loriaux, D.L., Ruder, H.J., Knab, D.R., Lipsett, M.B.: Estrone sulfate, estrone, estradiol and estriol plasma levels in human pregnancy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 35, 887–891 (1972)
Lotz, W., Krause, R.: Correlation between the effects of neuroleptics on prolactin release, mammary stimulation and the vaginal cycle in rats. J. Endocrinol. 76, 507–515 (1978)
Louw, B.P., Lishman, A.W., Botha, W.A., Baumgartner, J.P.: Failure to demonstrate a role for the acute release of prolactin at oestrus in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 40 455–458 (1974)
Lovell, J.D., Stabenfeldt, G.H., Hughes, J.P., Evans, J.W.: Endocrine patterns of the mare at term. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 449–456 (1975)
Lu, M.-H., Anderson, R.R.: Growth of the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation in the rabbit. Biol. Reprod. 9, 538–543 (1973)
Lyons, W.R.: Hormonal synergism in mammary growth. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 149 303–325 (1958)
Macadam, W.R., Eberhart, R.J.: Diurnal variation in plasma corticosteroid concentration in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 55,1792–1795 (1972). See also correction in J. Dairy Sci. 56, 487 (1973)
MacKinnon, P.C.B., Puig-Duran, E., Laynes, R.: Reflections on the attainment of puberty in the rat: have circadian signals a role to play in its onset? J. Reprod. Fert. 52 401–412 (1978)
Marta!, J., Lacroix, M.C.: Production ofchorionic somatomammotropin (oCS), fetal growth and growth of the placenta and the corpus luteum in ewes treated with 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine. Endocrinology 103 193–199 (1978)
Martin, C.E., Hartmann, P.E., Gooneratne, A.: Progesterone and corticosteroids in the initiation of lactation in the sow. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 31 517–526 (1978)
Martinet, L.: Embryologie de la mamelle chez le mouton. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys. 2 175–184 (1962)
Masters, J.R.W., Drife, J.O., Scarisbrick, J.J.: Cyclic variation of DNA synthesis in human breast epithelium. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 1263–1265 (1977)
McCormack, J.T., Greenwald, G.S.: Progesterone and oestradiol-17ß concentrations in the peripheral plasma during pregnancy in the mouse. J. Endocrinol. 62, 101–107 (1974)
McIntyre, H.B., Odell, W.D., Reichert, L.E.: Radioimmunoassay of rabbit growth hormone. Endocrinology 94, 1568–1576 (1974)
McNatty, K.P., Revfeim, K.J.A., Young, A.: Peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations in sheep during the oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 58 219–225 (1973)
McNeilly, A.S., Friesen, H.G.: Heterologous radioimmunoassay for rabbit prolactin. Endocrinology 102 1539–1547 (1978a)
McNeilly, A.S., Friesen, H.G.: Prolactin during pregnancy and lactation in the rabbit. Endocrinology 102 1548–1554 (1978b)
McNeilly, J.R.: Observations on the pattern of prolactin release during suckling in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 31 487–488 (1972)
Mead, R.A., Eik-Nes, K.B.: Seasonal variation in plasma levels of progesterone in western forms of the spotted skunk. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 6], 397–403 (1969)
Meier, A.H.: Chronophysiology of prolactin in the lower vertebrates. Am. Zool. 15 905–916 (1975)
Meijs-Roelofs, H.M.A., Vilenbroek, J.T.J., Jong, F.H. de, Welschen, R.: Plasma oestradiol-17/3 and its relationship with serum follicle-stimulating hormone in immature female rats. J. Endocrinol. 59, 295–304 (1973)
Meijs-Roelofs, H.M.A., Vilenbroek, J.T.J., Greef, W.J. de, Jong, F.H. de, Kramer, P.: Gonadotrophin and steroid levels around the time of first ovulation in the rat. J. Endocrinol. 67, 275–282 (1975)
Meisenheimer, S.L., Friend, J.P.: Ultrastructural alterations in somatotrophic cells by elimination of adrenal estrogen in neonatal rats. Anat. Rec. 184 477–478 (1976)
Meites, J.: Farm animals: hormonal induction of lactation and galactopoiesis. In: Milk: the mammary gland and its secretion. Kon, S.K., Cowie, A.T. (eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 321–367. New York, London: Academic Press 1961
Mellenberger, R.W., Bauman, D.E.: Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Lactose synthesis in rabbit mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem. J. 141 659–665 (1974a)
Mellenberger, R.W., Bauman, D.E.: Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid synthesis in rabbit mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem. J. 138 373–379 (1974b)
Mellenberger, R.W., Bauman, D.E., Nelson, D.R.: Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid and lactose synthesis in cow mammary tissue. Biochem. J. 136, 741–748 (1973)
Mesnil du Buisson, F. du, Dauzier, L.: Influence de l’ovariectomie chez la truie pendant la gestation. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 151 311–313 (1957)
Milewich, L., Gomez-Sanchez, C., Crowley, G., Porter, J.C., Madden, J.D., MacDonald, P.C.: Progesterone and 5a-pregnane-3,20-dione in peripheral blood of normal young women. Daily measurements throughout the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 45 617–622 (1977)
Milligan, D., Drife, J.O., Short, R.V.: Changes in breast volume during normal menstrual cycle and after oral contraceptives. Br. Med. J. 4, 494–496 (1975)
Milmore, J.E.: Influence of ovarian hormones on prolactin release in the rhesus monkey. Biol. Reprod. 19, 593–596 (1978)
Mintz, D.H., Chez, R.A., Horger, E.O.: Fetal insulin and growth hormone metabolism in the subhuman primate. J. Clin. Invest. 48. 176–186 (1969)
Mixner, J.P., Turner, C.W.: The mammogenic hormones of the anterior pituitary. Il. The lobule-alveolar growth factor. Research Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Missouri No. 378 (1943)
Mobbs, G.A., Babbage, N.F.: Breast feeding adopted children. Med. J. Aust. 2, 436–437 (1971)
M¢ller, O. M.: The progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of the mink (Mustela vison) during pregnancy. J. Endocrinol. 56, 121–132 (1973a)
Wier, O.M.: Progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of the blue fox (Alone“(lagopus) during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 59, 429–438 (1973b)
Molokwu, E.C.I., Wagner, W.C.: Endocrine physiology of the pregnant sow. J. Anim. Sci. 36, 1158–1163 (1973)
Monk, E.L., Erb, R.E., Mollett, T.A.: Relationships between immunoreactive estrone and estradiol in milk, blood, and urine of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 58 34–40 (1975)
Moon, R.C.: Mammary growth in rats treated with somatotropin during pregnancy and/or lactation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 118 181–183 (1965)
Moore, N.W., Barrett, S., Brown, J.B.: Progesterone concentrations in maternal and foetal blood plasma of ewes. J. Endocrinol. 53, 187–194 (1972)
Morera, A.M., Audi, L., Bertrand, J., Saez, J.M.: Estrogen-like compounds and progesterone in male and female rats before puberty. 1. Pattern and origin. J. Steroid Biochem. 9, 623–629 (1978)
Morishige, W.K., Pepe, G.J., Rothchild, I.: Serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin and progesterone levels during pregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 92, 1527–1530 (1973)
Morriss, G.: Placental evolution and embryonic nutrition. In: Comparative placentation. Steven, D.H. (ed.), pp. 87–107. London: Academic Press 1975
Mukherjee, A.S., Washburn, L.L., Banerjee, M.R.: Role of insulin as a “permissive” hormone in mammary gland development. Nature 246 159–160 (1973)
Mulay, S., Giannopoulos, G., Solomon, S.: Corticosteroid levels in the mother and fetus of the rabbit during gestation. Endocrinology 93, 1342–1348 (1973)
Munford, R.E.: A review of anatomical and biochemical changes in the mammary gland with particular reference to quantitative methods of assessing mammary development. Dairy Sci. Abstr. 26, 293–304 (1964)
Murr, S.M., Stabenfeldt, G.H., Bradford, G.E., Geschwind, 1.1.: Plasma progesterone during pregnancy in the mouse. Endocrinology 94, 1209–1211 (1974)
Nagasawa, H.: Functional changes of the mammary glands of the guinea pig in vitro during late pregnancy and lactation. Jap. J. Zootech. Sci. 33 350–355 (1962)
Nagasawa, H., Yanai, R.: Quantiative participation of placental mammotropic hormones in mammary development during pregnancy of mice. Endocrinol. Jap. 18 507–510 (1971)
Nagasawa, H., Yanai, R.: Normal and abnormal growth of the mammary gland. In: Physiology of mammary glands. Yokoyama, A., Mizuno, H., Nagasawa, H. (eds.), pp. 121–159. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press; Baltimore: University Park Press 1978
Naito, M.: Oxygen consumption and lactose synthesis rates of mammary gland slices from lactating guinea-pigs. J. Dairy Res. 25 17–23 (1958a)
Naito, M.: Histological changes in the mammary gland of guinea-pigs during lactation. J. Dairy Res. 25 392–396 (1958b)
Nalbandov, A.: Control of luteal function in mammals. In: Handbook of physiology. Greep, R.O., Astwood, E.B. (eds.), Sect. 7, Vol. 2, Part 1, pp. 153–167. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society 1973
Nandi, S.: Hormonal control of mammogenesis and lactogenesis in the C3H/He Crgl mouse. Univ. Calif. Berkeley Publ. Zool. 65, 1–128 (1959)
Narendran, R., Hacker, R.R., Batra, T.R., Burnside, E.B.: Hormonal induction of lactation in the bovine: mammary gland histology and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 57, 1334–1340 (1974)
Neill, J.D.: Prolactin: its secretion and control. In: Handbook of physiology, Greep, R.O., Astwood, E.B. (eds.), Sect. 7, Vol. 4, part 2, pp. 469–488. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society 1974
Nelson, L.W., Kelly, W.A.: Changes in canine mammary gland histology during the estrous cycle. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 27 113–122 (1974)
Nelson, W.L., Heytler, P.G., Ciaccio, E.I.: Guinea pig mammary gland growth changes in weight, nitrogen and nucleic acids. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109 373–375 (1962)
Nett, T.M., Holtan, D.W., Estergreen, V.L.: Plasma oestrogens in pregnant and postpartum mares. J. Anim. Sci. 37, 962–970 (1973)
Nett, T.M., Akbar, A.M., Phemister, R.D., Holst, P.A., Reichert, L.E., Jr., Niswender, G.D.: Levels of luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone in serum during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in the beagle bitch. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 148 134–139 (1975a)
Nett, T.M., Holtan, D.W., Estergreen, V.L.: Levels of LH, prolactin and oestrogens in the serum of postpartum mares. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 201–206 (1975b)
Nett, T.M., Holtan, D.W., Estergreen, V.L.: Oestrogens, LH, PM SG and prolactin in serum of pregnant mares. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 457–462 (1975c)
Nett, T.M., Pickett, B.W., Seidel, G.E., Jr., Voss, J.L.: Levels of luteinizing hormone and progesterone during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in mares. Biol. Reprod. 14 412–415 (1976)
Noden, P.A., Oxender, W.D., Hafs, H.D.: The cycle of oestrus, ovulation and plasma levels of hormones in the mare. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 189–192 (1975)
Noden, P.A., Oxender, W.D., Hafs, H.D.: Plasma luteinizing hormone, progestogens, and estrogens in mares during gestation, parturition, and first postpartum estrus (foal estrus). Am. J. Vet. Res. 39, 1964–1967 (1978)
Noel, G.L., Suh, H.K., Stone, G., Frantz, A.G.: Human prolactin and growth hormone release during surgery and other conditions of stress. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 35, 840–851 (1972)
Norgren, A.: Modifications of mammary development of rabbits injected with ovarian hormones. Acta Univ. Lund. Sect.2, 4, l-41 (1968)
Nunez, A., Aedo, A.-R., Landgren, B.-M., Cekan, S.Z., Diczfalusy, E.: Studies on the pattern of circulating steroids in the normal menstrual cycle. 6. Levels of oestrone sulphate and oestradiol sulphate. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86, 621–633 (1977)
Ogle, T.F., Kitay, J.I.: Ovarian and adrenal steroids during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle in the rat. J. Endocrinol. 74 89–98 (1977)
O’Grady, J.E., Alam, M., Anderson, F.B., Cooke, B.A., Hissey, P., Martin, B., Watson, J.: Plasma and pituitary hormone levels during early stages of pregnancy in the rat. J. Endocrinol. 61 xv-xvi (1974)
Ojeda, S.R., Tameson, H.E.: Developmental patterns of plasma and pituitary growth hormone (GH) in the female rat. Endocrinology 100 881–889 (1977)
Ojeda, S.R., Wheaton, J.E., Jameson, H.E., McCann, S.M.: The onset of puberty in the female rat: changes in plasma prolactin, gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and hypothalamic LHRH content. Endocrinology 98, 630–644 (1976)
Oka, T., Sakai, T., Lundgren, D.W., Perry, J.W.: Polyamines in growth and development of mammary gland. In: Hormones, receptors and breast cancer. McGuire, E.L. (ed.), pp. 301–323. New York: Raven Press 1978
Oxender, W.D., Hafs, H.D., Ingalls, W.G.: Serum growth hormone, LH and prolactin in the bovine fetus and neonate. J. Anim. Sci. 35, 56–61 (1972)
Ozzello, L.: Electron microscopic study of functional and dysfunctional human mammary gland. J. Invest. Dermatol. 63, 19–26 (1974)
Paape, M.J., Kral, A.J., Miller, R.H.: Collagen of rat mammary glands during post-lactational involution. J. Dairy Sci. 55, 1185–1187 (1972)
Paape, S.R., Shille, V.M., Seto, H., Stabenfeldt, G.H.: Luteal activity in the pseudopregnant cat. Biol. Reprod. 13 470–474 (1975)
Pant, H.C., Hopkinson, C.R.V., Fitzpatrick, R.J.: Concentration of oestradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the jugular venous plasma of ewes during the oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 73, 247–255 (1977)
Parker, D.C., Rossman, L.G., Vanderlaan, E.F.: Relation of sleep-entrained human prolactin release to REM-nonREM cycles. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 38 646–651 (1974)
Parvizi, N., Elsaesser, F., Smidt, D., Ellendorff, F.: Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the adult female pig during the oestrous cycle, late pregnancy and lactation, and after ovariectom and pentobarbitone treatment. J. Endocrinol. 69, 193–203 (1976)
Pattison, M.L., Chen, C.L., Kelly, S.T., Brandt, G.W.: Luteinizing hormone and estradiol in peripheral blood of mares during estrous cycle. Biol. Reprod. 11 245–250 (1974)
Peaker, M.: Ion and water transport in the mammary gland. In: Lactation. Larson, B.L.(ed.), Vol. 4, pp. 437–462. New York: Academic Press 1978
Peaker, M., Taylor, J.C.: Milk secretion in the rabbit: changes during lactation and the mechanism of ion transport. J. Physiol. 253. 527–545 (1975)
Peaker, M., Jones, C.D.R., Goode, J.A., Linzell, J.L.: Changes in milk composition during lactation in the guinea-pig, and the effect of prolactin. J. Endocrinol. 67, 307–308 (1975)
Peaker, M., Rossdale, P.D., Forsyth, I.A., Falk, M.: Changes in mammary development and the composition of secretion during late pregnancy in the mare. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 27], 555–561 (1979)
Peel, C.J., Taylor, J.W., Robinson, LB.. McGowan, A.A., Hooley, R.D., Findlay, J.K.: The importance of prolactin and the milking stimulus in the artificial induction of lactation in cows. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 31 187–195 (1978)
Pelletier, J. : Evidence for photoperiodic control of prolactin release in rams. J. Reprod. Fert. 35, 143–147 (1973)
Pepe, G.J., Rothchild, I.: A comparative study of serum progesterone levels in pregnancy and in various types of pseudopregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 95,275–279 (1974)
Peters, R.R., Tucker, H.A.: Prolactin and growth hormone responses to photoperiod in heifers. Endocrinology 103 229–234 (1978)
Peterson, A.J., Hunter, J.T., Welch, R.A.S., Fairclough, R.J.: Oestrogens in bovine fetal and maternal plasma near term. J. Reprod. Fert. 43 179–181 (1975)
Peterson, R.E.: Cortisol. In: Endocrinology of pregnancy. Fuchs, F., Klopper, A. (eds.), 2nd ed., pp. 157176. New York, Evanston, London: Harper Row 1977
Pierce, G.B., Nakane, P.K., Martin-Hernandez, A., Ward, J.M.: Ultrastructural comparison of differentiation of stem cells of murine adenocarcinomas of colon and breast with their normal counterparts. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 1329–1345 (1977)
Pierrepoint, C.G., Anderson, A.B.M., Turnbull, A.C., Griffiths, K.: In-vivo and in-vitro studies of steroid metabolism by the sheep placenta. In: The endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition. Pierrepoint, C.G. (ed.), pp. 40–53. Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha 1973
Pitkow, H.S., Reece, R.P., Waszilcsak, G. l.: The integrity of mammary alveolar cells in two consecutive lactations. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 139, 845–850 (1972)
Ploss, H.H., Bartels, M., Bartels, P.: Woman, an historical, gynaecological and anthropological compendium. Vol. 3, pp. 173–216, 233–244. London: Heinemann 1935
Plotka, E.D., Seal, V.S., Schobert, E.E., Schmoller, G.C.: Serum progesterone and estrogens in elephants. Endocrinology 97, 485–487 (1975)
Plotka, E.D., Seal, V.S., Verme, L.J., Ozogo, J.J.: Reproductive steroids in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis). II. Progesterone and estrogen levels in peripheral plasma during pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 17. 78–83 (1977)
Polkowska, J., Wolinska, E., Domanski, E.: Cyclic activity of the pituitary prolactin cells and plasma prolactin levels in the oestrous cycle of the ewe. J. Reprod. Fert. 46 295–298 (1976)
Pope, G.S., Jones, H.E.H., Waynforth, H.B.: Oestrogens in the blood of the cow. J. Endocrinol. 33,385–395 (1965)
Pope, G.S., Gupta, S.K., Munro, LB.: Progesterone levels in the systemic plasma of pregnant, cycling and ovariectomized cows. J. Reprod. Fert. 20 369–381 (1969)
Porter, D.G., Amoroso, E.C.: The endocrine functions of the placenta. In: Scientific foundations of obstetrics and gynaecology. Philipp, E.E., Barnes, J., Newton, M. (eds.), 2nd ed. pp. 675–712. London: Heinemann 1977
Propper, A.: Relations üpidermo-müsodermiques dans la diffürentiation de l’übauche mammaire d’embryon de lapin. Ann. Embryol. Morphogen¨¨se 1, 151–160 (1968)
Propper, A.: Étude expürimentale des premiers stades de la morphogen¨¨se mammaire. Annüe Biol. 9, 267–274 (1970)
Propper, A.Y.: Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between developing chick epidermis and rabbit embryo mammary mesenchyme. In: Extracellular matrix influences on gene expression. Slavkin, H.C. (ed.), pp. 541–547. New York: Academic Press 1975
Purnell, D.M., Kopen, P.: A quantitative histotopologic analysis of the variation in lobulo-alveolar mitotic activity in the Lewis/Mai rat mammary gland during the estrous cycle. Anat. Rec. 186 39–48 (1976)
Purnell, D.M., Saggers, G.C.: Topologic assessment by use of whole mounts of mitotic activity in the hamster mammary gland during the estrous cycle. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 825–828 (1974)
Purnell, D.M., Combs, J.W., Saggers, G.C.: Cell proliferation in mammary epithelium and correlated histochemical fluctuations in mast cells during the estrous cycle. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 1691–1697 (1974)
Quadri, S.K., Spies, H.G.: Cyclic and diurnal patterns of serum prolactin in the rhesus monkey. Biol. Reprod. 14 495–501 (1976)
Radnor, C.J.P.: Myoepithelium in the prelactating and lactating mammary glands of the rat. J. Anat. 112 337–353 (1972a)
Radnor, C.J.P.: Myoepithelium in involuting mammary glands of the rat J. Anat. 112 355–365 (1972b)
Raeside, J.I.: Urinary oestrogen excretion in the pig during pregnancy and parturition. J. Reprod. Fert. 6, 427–431 (1963)
Ramaley, J.A.: The development of daily changes in serum corticosterone in pre-weaning rats. Steroids 21 433–442 (1973)
Randel, R.D., Erb, R.E.: Reproductive steroids in the bovine. Vi. Changes and interrelationships from 0 to 260 days of pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 33 115–123 (1971)
Ravault, J.P.: Prolactin in the ram: seasonal variations in the concentration of blood plasma from birth until 3 years old. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 83 720–725 (1976)
Raynaud, A.: Foetal development of the mammary gland and hormonal effects on its morphogenesis. In: Lactation. Falconer, I.R. (ed.), pp. 3–29. London: Butterworths 1971
Raynaud, A., Raynaud, J., Dobrovolskaia, N., Rudali, G., Adamoff, N., Defoort, J.: Sur l’ütat de düveloppement des übauches mammaires et mamelonnaires chez des souris nouveau-nües appartenant ¨¤ cinq lignües sülectionnües ülevües a l’Institut du Radium de Paris. Bull. Cancer (Paris) 57 447–476 (1970)
Reece, R.P.: Initiation and maintenance of lactation in dairy heifers by hormone administration. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 52 145–146 (1943)
Reichlin, S.: Regulation of somatotrophic hormone secretion. In: Handbook of physiology. Greep, R.O., Astwood, E.B. (eds.), Sect. 7, Vol. 4, Part 2, pp. 405–447. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society 1974
Reimers, T.J., Phemister, R.D., Niswender, G.D.: Radioimmunological measurement of follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin in the dog. Biol. Reprod. 19, 673–679 (1978)
Reineke, E.P., Meites, J., Cairy, C.F., Huffman, C.F.: Hormonal induction of lactation in sterile cows. Proc. Annu. Meet. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1952, 325–328 (1952)
Reyes, F.I., Winter, J.S.D., Faiman, C., Hobson, W.C.: Serial serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and sex steroids in the nonpregnant and pregnant chimpanzee. Endocrinology 96, 1447–1455 (1975)
Richards, R.C., Benson, G.K.: Ultrastructural changes accompanying involution of the mammary gland in the albino rat. J. Endocrinol. 51 127–135 (1971a)
Richards, R.C., Benson, G.K.: Structural changes associated with inhibition of involution of the mammary gland in the albino rat. J. Endocrinol. 51 137–148 (1971b)
Richards, R.C., Benson, G.K.: Involvement of the macrophage system in the involution of the mammary gland in the albino rat. J. Endocrinol. 51 149–156 (1971c)
Richardson, K.C.: Measurement of the total area of secretory epithelium in the lactating mammary gland of the goat. J. Endocrinol. 9,170–184 (1953)
Rimoin, D.L., Holtzman, G.B., Merimee, T.J., Rabinowitz, D., Barnes, A.C., Tyson, J.E.A., McKusick, V.A.: Lactation in the absence of human growth hormone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 28, 1183–1188 (1968)
Roberts, J.S.: Cyclical fluctuations in reflexive oxytocin release during the estrous cycle of the goat. Biol. Reprod. 13 314–317 (1975)
Robertson, H.A.: Changes in the concentration of unconjugated oestrone, oestradiol-17x and oestradiol-17ß in the maternal plasma of the pregnant cow in relation to the initiation of parturition and lactation. J. Reprod. Fert. 36, 1–7 (1974)
Robertson, H.A., King, G.J.: Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrone, oestradiol-17ß and of oestrone sulphate in the pig at implantation, during pregnancy and at parturition. J. Reprod. Fert. 40 133–141 (1974)
Robertson, H.A., Sarda, I.R.: A very early pregnancy test for mammals: its application to the cow, ewe and sow. J. Endocrinol. 49, 407–419 (1971)
Robertson, H.A., King, G.J., Dyck, G.W.: The appearance of oestrone sulphate in the peripheral plasma of the pig early in pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fert. 52 337–338 (1978)
Robyn, C., Delvoye, P., Exter, C. van, Vekemans, M., Caufriez, A., Nayer, P. de. Delogne- Desnoeck, J., l’Hermite, M.: Physiological and pharmacological factors influencing prolactin secretion and their relation to human reproduction. In: Prolactin and human reproduction. Crosignani, P.G., Robyn, C. (eds.), pp. 71–96. London: Academic Press 1977
Rosen, J.M., Woo, S.L.C., Comstock, J.P.: Regulation of casein messenger RNA during the development of the rat mammary gland. Biochemistry 14 2895–2903 (1975)
Rosenberg, M., Herz, Z., Davidson, M.. Folman, Y.: Seasonal variations in post-partum plasma progesterone levels and conception in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. J. Reprod. Fert. 51 363–367 (1977)
Russell, D.H., McVicker, T.A.: Polyamine biogenesis in the rat mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem. J. 130 71–76 (1972)
Saba, N.: Plasma cortisol levels in pregnant ewes. J. Agric. Sci. 64,11–14 (1965)
Sadovsky, E., Weinstein, D., Ben-David, M., Polishuk, W.Z.: Serum prolactin in normal and pathologic pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 50 559–561 (1977)
Sakai, T., Lundgren, D.W., Oka, T.: Polyamine biosynthesis and DNA synthesis in cultured mammary gland explants from virgin mice. J. Cell Physiol. 95, 259–268 (1978)
Sakakura, T., Nishizuka, Y., Dawe, C.J.: Mesenchyme-dependent morphogenesis and epithelial-specific cytodifferentiation in mouse mammary gland. Science (N.Y.) 194 1439–1441 (1976)
Salazar, H., Tobon, H.: Morphologic changes of the mammary gland during development, pregnancy and lactation. In: Lactogenic hormones, fetal nutrition and lactation. Josimovich, J.B., Reynolds, M., Cobo, E. (eds.), pp. 221–277. New York: Wiley 1974
Sato, K.: Diskriminanz-Analyse über den Progesteron-und Östrogenspiegel im Serum von Stuten in Beziehung zur Frühdiagnose der Trächtigkeit. Zuchthygiene 12 165–171 (1977)
Schalch, D.S., Reichlin, S.: Plasma growth hormone concentration in the rat determined by radioimmunoassay: influence of sex, pregnancy. lactation, anesthesia, hypophysectomy and extrasellar pituitary transplants. Endocrinology 79, 275–280 (1966)
Schams, D.: Prolactin levels in bovine blood, influenced by milking manipulation, genital stimulation and oxytocin administration with specific consideration of the seasonal variations. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 71 684–696 (1972)
Schams, D., Karg, H.: Untersuchungen über Prolaktin im Rinderblut mit einer radioimmunologischen Bestimmungsmethode. Zentralbl. Veterinärmed. [A] 17 193–212 (1970)
Schams, D., Reinhardt, V.: Influence of season on plasma prolactin level in cattle from birth to maturity. Horm Res. 5 217–226 (1974)
Schams, D., Hoffmann, B., Fischer, S., Marz, E., Karg, H.: Simultaneous determination of LH and progesterone in peripheral bovine blood during pregnancy, normal and corticoid-induced parturition and the post-partum period. J. Reprod. Fert. 29, 37–48 (1972)
Schams, D., Schallenberger, E., Hoffmann, B., Karg, H.: The oestrous cycle of the cow: hormonal parameters and time relationships concerning oestrus, ovulation and electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86, 180–192 (1977)
Schoot, P. van der Greef, W.J. de: Dioestrous progesterone and pro-oestrous luteinizing hormone in 4-and 5-day cycles of female rats. J. Endocrinol. 70 61–68 (1976)
Schuster, R.C., Houdebine, L.-M., Gaye, P.: Studies on the synthesis of casein messenger RNA during pregnancy in the rabbit. Eur. J. Biochem. 71 193–199 (1976)
Schwalm, J.W., Tucker, H.A.: Glucocorticoids in mammary secretions and blood serum during reproduction and lactation and distribution of glucocorticoids, progesterone and estrogens in fractions of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 61 550–560 (1978)
Seren, E., Bono, G., Bolelli, G.: Peripheral plasma levels of oestrone, oestradiol-17ß, oestradiol-17e and oestriol in the bovine during oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Arch. Vet. Ital. 27 155–166 (1976)
Shearer, I.J., Purvis, K., Jenkin, G., Haynes, N.B.: Peripheral plasma progesterone and oestradiol-l7ß before and after puberty in gilts. J. Reprod. Fert. 30 347–360 (1972)
Shemesh, M., Ayalon, N., Lindner, H.R.: Oestradiol levels in the peripheral blood of cows during the oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 55, 73–78 (1972)
Sherwood, O.D., Chang, C.C., Bevier, G.W., Dziuk, P.J.: Radioimmunoassay of plasma relaxin levels throughout pregnancy and at parturition in the pig. Endocrinology 97, 834–837 (1975)
Shinde, Y.: Role of milking in initiation and maintenance of lactation in the dairy animals. In: Physiology of mammary glands. Yokoyama, A., Mizuno, H., Nagasawa, H. (eds.), pp. 347–360. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press; Baltimore: University Park Press 1978
Shiu, R.P.C., Kelly, P.A., Friesen, H.G.: Radioreceptor assay for prolactin and other lactogenic hormones. Science (N.Y.) 180 968–971 (1973)
Sinha, Y.N., Tucker, H.A.: Mammary gland growth of rats between 10 and 100 days of age. Am. J. Physiol. 210 601–605 (1966)
Sinha, Y.N., Tucker, H.A.: Mammary development and pituitary prolactin level of heifers from birth through puberty and during the estrous cycle. J. Dairy Sci. 52 507–512 (1969)
Sinha, K.N., Anderson, R.R., Turner, C.W.: Growth of the mammary glands of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Biol. Reprod. 2 185–188 (1970)
Sinha„ Y.N., Selby, F.W., Lewis, U.J., Vanderlaan, W.P.: Studies of GH secretion in mice by a homologous radioimmunoassay for mouse GH. Endocrinology 91, 784–792 (1972)
Sinha, Y.N., Salocks, C.B., Vanderlaan, W.P.: Prolactin and growth hormone levels in different inbred strains of mice: patterns in association with estrous cycle, time of day, and perphenazine stimulation. Endocrinology 97, 1112–1122 (1975)
Sirbasku, D.: Estrogen induction of growth factors specific for hormone-responsive mammary, pituitary, and kidney tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 3786–3790 (1978)
Skarda, T., Urbanovd, E., Bilek, J.: Studies on DNA synthesis in goat mammary gland organ culture under the influence of various hormones. Endocrinol. Exp. (Bratisl.) 11 105–113 (1977)
Slome, C.: Nonpuerperal lactation in grandmothers. J. Pediatr. 49, 550–552 (1956)
Smith, A., Wheelock, J.V., Dodd, F.H.: Effect of milking throughout pregnancy on milk yield in the succeeding lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 49, 895–896 (1966)
Smith, I.D.: Progesterone concentrations in the peripheral plasma of the mare during pregnancy. Res. Vet. Sci. 16 114–116 (1974)
Smith, K.L., Schanbacher, F.L.: Hormone induced lactation in the bovine. 1. Lactational performance following injections of 17ß-estradiol and progesterone. J. Dairy Sci. 56, 738–743 (1973)
Smith, K.L., Schanbacher, F.L.: Hormone induced lactation in the bovine. II. Response of nulligravida heifers to modified estrogen-progesterone treatment. J. Dairy Sci. 57, 296–303 (1974)
Smith, K.L., Muir, L.A., Ferguson, L.C., Conrad, H.R.: Selective transport of IgGI into the mammary gland: role of estrogen and progesterone. J. Dairy Sci. 54, 1886–1894 (1971)
Smith, M.S., Neill, J.D.: Termination at midpregnancy of the two daily surges of plasma prolactin initiated by mating in the rat. Endocrinology 98 696–701 (1976)
Smith, V.G., Edgerton, L.A., Hafs, H.D., Convey, E.M.: Bovine serum estrogens, progestins and glucocorticoids during late pregnancy, parturition and early lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 36, 391–396 (1973)
Sonstegard, K.S.: The foetal mammary gland in cattle: normal development and response to hormones in vitro. PhD Dissertation University of Guelph 1972
Speert, H.: Cyclic changes in the mammary gland of the rhesus monkey. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 73,388–390 (1941)
Speert, H.: The normal and experimental development of the mammary gland of the rhesus monkey, with some pathological correlations. Contrib. Embryol. 32 9–65 (1948)
Spellacy, W.N.: Immunoassay of human placental lactogen: physiological studies in normal and abnormal pregnancy. In: Lactogenic hormones. Wolstenholme, G.E.W., Knight, J. (eds.), pp. 223235. Edinburgh, London: Churchill Livingstone 1972
Spellacy, W.N., Buhi, W.C.: Pituitary growth hormone and placental lactogen levels measured in normal term pregnancy and at the early and late postpartum periods. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol. 105 888–896 (1969)
Spincemaille, J., Coryn, M., Vandeplassche, M.: Oestrogens and progesterone in the peripheral blood of the cow before, during and after parturition. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 36, 119 (1975)
Spooner, B.S., Wessells, N.K.: An analysis of salivary gland morphogenesis: role of cytoplasmic microfilaments and microtubules. Dev. Biol. 27 38–54 (1972)
Stabenfeldt, G.H., Shille, V.M.: Reproduction in the dog and cat. In: Reproduction in domestic animals. Cole, H.H., Cupps, P.T. (eds.), 3rd ed., pp. 499–527. New York, San Francisco, London: Academic Press 1977
Stabenfeldt, G.H., Drost, M., Franti, C.E.: Peripheral plasma progesterone levels in the ewe during pregnancy and parturition. Endocrinology 90 144–150 (1972)
Stavy, M., Terkel, J., Kohen, F.: Plasma progesterone levels during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the hare (Lepus europaeus syriacus). J. Reprod. Fert. 54 9–14 (1978)
Stoudemire, G.A., Stumpf, W.E., Sar, M.: Synergism between prolactin and ovarian hormones on DNA synthesis in rat mammary gland. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 149 189–192 (1975)
Strong, C.R., Dils, R.: Fatty acid biosynthesis in rabbit mammary gland during pregnancy and early lactation. Biochem. J. 128 1303–1309 (1972)
Strott, C.A., Sundel, H., Stahlman, M.T.: Maternal and fetal plasma progesterone, cortisol, testosterone and 17ß-estradiol in preparturient sheep: response to fetal ACTH infusion. Endocrinology 95,1327–1339 (1974)
Sud, S.C.: Importance of insulin for mammary growth. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 9, 307–311 (1971)
Sud, S.C.: Induction of lactation in intact and ovariectomized heifers with 9-fluoroprednisolone acetate (Predef). Indian J. Exp. Biol. 10 265–267 (1972)
Sud, S.C., Tucker, H.A., Meites, J.: Estrogen-progesterone requirements for udder development in ovariectomized heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 51 210–214 (1968)
Swanson, E.W., Poffenbarger, J.I.: Mammary gland development of dairy heifers during their first gestation. J. Dairy Sci. 62 702–714 (1979)
Swanson, L.V., Hafs, H.D.: LH and prolactin in blood serum from estrus to ovulation in Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 33, 1038–1041 (1971)
Swanson, L.V., Hafs, H.D., Morrow, D.A.: Ovarian characteristics and serum LH, prolactin, progesterone and glucocorticoid from first estrus to breeding size in Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 34 284–293 (1972)
Symons, A.M.: Levels of oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma of the cow during the last month of pregnancy. J. Endocrinol. 56, 327–328 (1973)
Talamantes, F.: Comparative study of the occurrence of placental prolactin among mammals. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 27 115–121 (1975)
Talwalker, P.K., Meites,J.: Mammary lobulo-alveolar growth induced by anterior pituitary hormones in adreno-ovariectomized and adreno-ovariectomized-hypophysectomized rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 107 880–883 (1961)
Tam, W.H.: Progesterone levels during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the cuis, Galea musteloides. J. Reprod. Fert. 35, 105–114 (1973)
Tannenbaum, G.S., Martin, J.B.: Evidence for an endogenous ultradian rhythm governing growth hormone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology 98 562–570 (1976)
Thau, R.B., Lanman, J.T.: Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and production rates (PR) of plasma progesterone in pregnant and pseudopregnant rabbits. Endocrinology 97, 454–457 (1975)
Thibier, M., Saumande, J.: Concentrations plasmatiques de la 17x-hydroxyprogestürone et de la progestürone au cours de la phase folliculaire de la vache. Etude par prül¨¨vements früquents. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 168 1186–1190 (1974)
Thomas, C.M.G., Corbey, R.S., Rolland, R.: Assessment of unconjugated oestradiol and progesterone serum levels throughout pregnancy in normal women and in women with hyperprolactinaemia, who conceived after bromocriptine treatment. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh.) 86 405–414 (1977a)
Thomas, C.R., Forsyth, I.A., Hart, I.C.: Goat placental lactogen: levels through pregnancy and variation over 24h periods. J. Endocrinol. 75, 51P–52P (1977b)
Thomas, C.R.: Studies on ruminant placental lactogen. Ph D Dissertation, University of Reading 1978 Thompson, F.N., Wagner, W.C.: Fetal-maternal corticosteroid relationships in sheep during late pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fert. 41 49–56 (1974 a)
Thompson, F.N., Wagner, W.C.: Plasma progesterone and oestrogens in sheep during late pregnancy: contribution of the maternal adrenal and ovary. J. Reprod. Fert. 41 57–66 (1974b)
Thorburn, G.D., Schneider, W.: The progesterone concentration in the plasma of the goat during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. J. Endocrinol. 52 23–36 (1972)
Thorburn, G.D., Cox, R.I., Shorey, C.D.: Ovarian steroid secretion rates in the marsupial (Trichosurus vulpecula). J. Reprod. Fert. 24 139 (1971)
Thorburn, G.D., Nicol, D.H., Bassett, J.M., Shutt, D.A., Cox, R.I.: Parturition in the goat and sheep: changes in corticosteroids, progesterone, oestrogens and prostaglandin F. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 16], 61–84 (1972)
Thorburn, G.D., Bassett, J.M., Smith, I.D.: Progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma of sheep during the oestrous cycle. J. Endocrinol. 45, 459–469 (1969)
Thorburn, G.D., Challis, J.R., Currie, W.B.: Control of parturition in domestic animals. Biol. Reprod. 16 18–27 (1977)
Thornley, A.L., Lawrence, E.B.: The present state of biochemical research on chalones. Int. J. Biochem. 6, 313–320 (1975)
Tillson, S.A., Erb, R.E., Niswender, G.D.: Comparison of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in blood and metabolites of progesterone in urine of domestic sows during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 30 795–805 (1970)
Tindal, J.S., Knaggs, G.S., Hart, I.C., Blake, L.A.: Release of growth hormone in lactating and non-lactating goats in relation to behaviour, stages of sleep, electroencephalograms, environmental stimuli and levels of prolactin, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in the circulation. J. Endocrinol. 76, 333–346 (1978)
Tobon, H., Salazar, H.: Ultrastructure of the human mammary gland I. Development of the fetal gland throughout gestation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 39, 443–456 (1974)
Topper, Y.J.: Multiple hormone interactions related to the growth and differentiation of mammary gland in vitro. Trans. NY Acad. Sci. 30 869–874 (1968)
Topper, Y.J., Oka, T.: Some aspects of mammary gland development in the mature mouse. In: Lactation, a comprehensive treatise. Larson, B.L., Smith, V.R. (eds.). Vol. 1. pp. 327–348. New York: Academic Press 1974
Traurig, H.H.: Cell proliferation in the mammary gland during late pregnancy and lactation. Anat. Rec. 157 489–504 (1967)
Trowel], O.A.: The culture of mature organs in a synthetic medium. Exp. Cell Res. 16, 118–147 (1959)
Tsushima, T., Inc.i M., Sakuma, M.: Radioimmunoassay for canine growth hormone. Endocrinology 89, 685–693 (1971)
Tucker, H.A.: Factors affecting mammary gland cell numbers. J. Dairy Sci. 52 720–729 (1969)
Tucker, H.A., Meites, J.: Induction of lactation in pregnant heifers with 9-fluoroprednisolone acetate. J. Dairy Sci. 48 403–405 (1965)
Tucker, H.A., Wettemann, R.P.: Effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on serum prolactin and growth hormone in heifers. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 151 623–626 (1976)
Turnbull, A.C., Anderson, A.B.M., Flint, A.P.F., Jeremy, J.Y., Keirse, M.J.N.C., Mitchell, M.D.: Human parturition. Ciba Foundation Symposium 47 427–452 (1977)
Turner, C.W.: The comparative anatomy of the mammary glands. Columbia, Missouri: University Cooperative Store 1939
Turner, C.W.: The Mammary Gland. 1. The anatomy of the udder of cattle and domestic animals. Columbia. Missouri: Lucas Brothers 1952
Turner, C.W., Gomez, E.T.: The development of the mammary gland of the goat. Res. Bull. Mo agric. Exp. St. 240 (1936)
Turner, C.W., Yamamoto, H., Ruppert, H.L, Jr.; The experimental induction of growth of the cow’s udder and the initiation of milk secretion. J. Dairy Sci. 39, 1717–1729 (1956)
Tyndale-Biscoe, H.: Life of Marsupials. London: Edward Arnold 1973
Tyson, J.E., Hwang, P., Guyda, H., Friesen, H.: Studies of prolactin secretion in human pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 113 14–20 (1972)
Tyson, J.E., Khojandi, M., Huth, J., Andreassen, B.: The influence of prolactin secretion on human lactation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40 764–773 (1975)
Umo, I., Fitzpatrick, R.J., Ward, W.R.: Parturition in the goat: plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F and steroid hormones and uterine activity during late pregnancy and parturition. J. Endocrinol. 68, 383–389 (1976)
Van Niekerk, C.H., Morgenthal, J.C., Gerneke, W.H.: Relationship between the morphology of and progesterone production by the corpus luteum of the mare. J. Reprod. Fert. [Suppl. 23], 171–175 (1975)
Van Rensburg, S.J.: Reproductive physiology and endocrinology of normal and habitually aborting goats. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 38 1–62 (1971)
Varavudhi, P., Meites, J.: Serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels during the estrous cycle in the hamster. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 145, 571–573 (1974)
Varma, S.K., Sonksen, P.H., Varma, K., Soeldner, J.S., Selenkow, H.A.: Measurement of human growth hormone in pregnancy and correlation with human placental lactogen. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 32 328–332 (1971)
Vekemans, M., Delvoye, P., L’Hermite, M., Robyn, C.: Serum prolactin levels during the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 44, 989–993 (1977)
Verhage, H.G., Beamer, N.B., Brenner, R.M.: Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone in the cat during polyestrus, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 14 579–585 (1976)
Veyssi¨¨re, G., Jean, C., Jean, C.: Evaluation quantitative de la croissance des übauches mammaires des foetus de souris apr¨¨s injection de testostürone, de dihydrotestostürone et d’acütate de cyprotürone ¨¤ la m¨¨re gravide. Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. 63, 63–78 (1974)
Virgo, B.B., Bellward, G.D.: Serum progesterone levels in the pregnant and postpartum laboratory mouse. Endocrinology 95, 1486–1490 (1974)
Voogt, J.L., Chen, C.L.. Meites, J.: Serum and pituitary prolactin levels before, during and after puberty in female rats. Am. J. Physiol. 218 396–399 (1970)
Vorherr, H.: The Breast. Morphology, physiology and lactation. New York: Academic Press 1974 Vorherr, H.: Human lactation and breast feeding. In: Lactation. Larson, B.L. (ed.), Vol. 4 pp. 182–280. New York: Academic Press 1978
Walker, F.M.M., Peaker, M.: Production of oestradiol-17(3 by the goat mammary gland during late pregnancy in relation to lactogenesis. J. Physiol. 284 71P–72P (1978)
Walker, S.M., Stanley, A.J.: Effect of diethylstilbestrol dipropionate on mammary development and lactation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 48. 50–53 (1941)
Wallace, C.: Observations on mammary development in calves and lambs. J. Agric. Sci. 43 413–421 (1953)
Walsh, S.W., Wolf, R.C., Meyer, R.K., Aubert, M.L., Friesen, H.G.: Chorionic gonadotropin, chorionic somatomammotropin, and prolactin in the uterine vein and peripheral plasma of pregnant rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 100 851–855 (1977)
Walton, J.S., McNeilly, J.R., McNeilly, A.S., Cunningham, F.J.: Changes in concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin and progesterone in the plasma of ewes during the transition from anoestrous to breeding activity. J. Endocrinol. 75, 127–136 (1977)
Warner, M.R.M.: Mammary gland morphology of female beagle dogs. Studies in vivo and in vitro. PhD Dissertation University of California, Davis 1972
Warner, M.R.: Effect of perinatal oestrogen on pretreatment required for mouse mammary lobular formation in vitro. J. Endocrinol. 77, 1–10 (1978a)
Warner, M.R.: Effects of perinatal progesterone on mouse mammary differentiation in vitro. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60, 465–467 (1978b)
Warner, M.R., Warner, R.L.: Effects of exposure of neonatal mice to 17ß-estradiol on subsequent age-incidence and morphology of carcinogen-induced mammary dysplasia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55, 289298 (1975)
Waterston, J.W. Ill, Mills, T.M.: Peripheral blood steroid concentrations in the preovulatory rabbit. J. Steroid Biochem. 7 15–17 (1976)
Weiss, G., Butler, W.R., Hotchkiss, J., Dierschke, D.J., Knobil, E.: Preparturitional serum concentrations of prolactin, the gonadotropins and the gonadal hormones in the rhesus monkey. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 151, 113–116 (1976)
Welschen, R., Osman, P., Dullaart, J., de Greef, W.J., Uilenbroek, J.T.J., de Jong, F.H.: Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. luteinizing hormone, oestradiol-17ß and progesterone, and follicular growth in the pseudopregnant rat. J. Endocrinol. 64 37–47 (1975)
Westphal, U., Stroupe, S.D., Cheng, S.-L.: Progesterone binding to serum proteins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 286 10–27 (1977)
Wettemann, R.P., Tucker, H.A.: Relationship of ambient temperature to prolactin in heifers. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 146, 908–911 (1974)
Wheelock, J.V., Smith, A., Dodd, F.H., Lyster, R.L.J.: Changes in the quantity and composition of mammary gland secretion in the dry period between lactations. I. The beginning of the dry period. J. Dairy Res. 34 1–12 (1967)
Willett, L.B., Smith, K.L., Schanbacher, F.L., Erb, R.E., Malven, P.V.: Hormone induced lactation in the bovine. Ill. Dynamics of injected and endogenous hormones. J. Dairy Sei. 59, 504–514 (1976)
Wolf, R.C., O’Connor, R.F., Robinson, J.A.: Cyclic changes in plasma progestins and estrogens in squirrel monkeys. Biol. Reprod. 17 228–231 (1977)
Yuthasastrakosol, P., Palmer, W.M., Howland, B.E.: Luteinizing hormone, oestrogen and progesterone levels in peripheral serum of anoestrous and cyclic ewes as determined by radioimmunoassay. J. Reprod. Fert. 43 57–65 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cowie, A.T., Forsyth, I.A., Hart, I.C. (1980). Growth and Development of the Mammary Gland. In: Hormonal Control of Lactation. Monographs on Endocrinology, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81389-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81389-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-81391-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-81389-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive