Abstract
The visible parts of Herbig-Haro objects (Herbig, 1951; Haro, 1950,1952) appear as small nebulae with characteristic but rather unusual spectra. The fact that they occur only in regions in which T Tauri stars are present (cf. Herbig, 1969,1974) leads to the belief that the appearance of Herbig-Haro objects is somehow connected with the very early phases of stellar evolution (cf. Herbig, 1957; Strom, Grasdalen and Strom, 1974). The additional fact that Herbig-Haro objects have a spectrum almost identical to the spectrum of the small nebulae surrounding T Tauri (Herbig, 1950; Schwartz, 1973, 1974a,b) makes it even more probable that they are related to very young stars (or protostars). From this point of view it seems justified to include a discussion of Herbig-Haro objects and T Tauri nebulae in a volume on stellar envelopes. In fact, Strom, Grasdalen and Strom (1974) have suggested than the line and continuous spectrum of Herbig-Haro objects is formed in envelopes of pre-T Tauri stars. However, we have to admit that in certain respects the Herbig-Haro (HH) objects are different from other known stellar envelopes:
-
1)
It is very improbable that they are excited by the ultraviolet radiation of a normal star (Böhm, 1956; Osterbrock, 1958; Böhm, Perry and Schwartz, 1973).
-
2)
They are variable (cf. Herbig, 1957,1969) by several magnitudes with a typical time scale of the order of 5 to 10 years (or less?). This typical time is almost comparable to the characteristic recombination time in these nebulae.
-
3)
Though they are sometimes associated with a star (e.g. Burnham’s nebula surrounding T Tauri) the objects which we usually call HH-objects do not show such a close association with a T Tauri star.
-
4)
Their masses (∼10-3 M⊙) and apparent sizes (diameters ∼2000 — 5000 a.u.) are fairly large for a stellar envelope.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aller, L.H., Liller, W.: In: Nebulae and Interstellar Matter (Ed. Middelhurst, B.M., Aller, L.H.), p. 483. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1968.
Ambarzumian, V.A.: Comm. Burakan Obs. no. 13 (1954).
Anderson, L., Kuhi, L.V.: In: Non-Periodic Phenomena in Variable Stars (Ed. Detre, L.). Dordrecht: Reidel 1969.
Bohm, D., Aller, L.H.: Astrophys. J. 105, 131 (1947).
Böhm, K.H.: Astrophys. J. 123, 379 (1956).
Böhm, K.H.: Z. Astrophys. 43, 245 (1957).
Böhm, K.H., Perry, J.F., Schwartz R.D.: Astrophys. J. 179, 149 (1973).
Böhm, K.H., Schwartz, R.D.: Bull. A. A. S. 5, 437 (1973).
Böhm, K.H., Schwartz, R.D., Siegmund, W.A.: Astrophys. J. 193, 353 (1974a).
Böhm, K.H., Schwartz, R.D., Siegmund, W.A.: In preparation (1974b).
Burnham, S.W.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 51, 94 (1890).
Burnham, S.W.: Publ. Lick Obs. 2, 175 (1894).
Carrasco, L., Strom, S.E., Strom, K.M.: Astrophys. J. 182, 95 (1973).
Cox, D.P.: Astrophys. J. 178, 143 (1972).
Frank, I.M.: Usp. Fis. Nauk 87, 189 (1965).
Garibyan, G.M.: Soviet Phys. JETP 37, 527 (1959).
Goodson, W.L.: Z. Astrophys. 66, 118 (1967).
Gurzadyan, G.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 28, 147 (1973).
Gurzadyan, G.A.: Astron. Astrophys. 33, 307 (1974).
Haro, G.: Astron. J. 55, 72 (1950).
Haro, G.: Astrophys. J. 115, 572 (1952).
Haro, G., Herbig, G.H.: Bol. Obs. Tonantzintla Tacubaya, no. 12 (1955).
Haro, G., Minkowski, R.: Astron. J. 65, 490 (1960).
Hebb, M.H., Menzel, D.H.: Astrophys. J. 92, 408 (1940).
Herbig, G.H.: Astrophys. J. 111, 11 (1950).
Herbig, G.H.: Astrophys. J. 113, 697 (1951).
Herbig, G.H.: In: Non-stable Stars (Ed. Herbig, G.H.), p. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1957
Herbig, G.H.: Astron. J. 67, 645 (1962a).
Herbig, G.H.: Adv. Astron. Astrophys. 1, 75 (1962b).
Herbig, G.H.: In: Nonperiodic Phenomena in Variable Stars (Ed. Detre, L.), p. 75. Dordrecht: Reidel 1969.
Herbig, G.H.: Comm. 27, IAU Inf. Bull. Var. Stars no. 832 (1973).
Herbig, G.H.: Lick Obs. Bull., No. 658 (1974).
Herbig, G.H., Schwartz, R.D.: Personal Communication (1974).
Hummer, D.G., Seaton, M.J.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 125, 431 (1963).
Hummer, D.G., Seaton, M.J.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 127, 217 (1964).
Kuhi, L.V.: Astrophys. J. 140, 1409 (1964).
Larson, R.B.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 145, 271 (1969a).
Larson, R.B.: Monthly Notices roy. Astron. Soc. 145, 297 (1969b).
Larson, R.B.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 157, 121 (1972).
Magnan, C., Schatzman, E.: Compt. Rend. 260, 6289 (1965).
Mendoza, E.E.: Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci., Cinq. Ser. 19, 305 (1970) (discussion remark).
Menzel, D.H.: Selected Papers on Physical Processes in Ionized Plasmas, New York: Dover 1962.
Miller, J.S.: Astrophys. J. 154, L 57 (1968).
Osterbrock, D.E.: Publ. Soc. Astron. Pacific 70, 399 (1958).
Osterbrock, D.E., Dufour, R.J.: Astrophys. J. 185, 441 (1973).
Osterbrock, D.E., Schwartz, R.D.: Personal Communication 1974.
Schwartz, R.D.: Ph. D. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle 1973.
Schwartz, R.D.: Astrophys. J. 191, 419 (1974).
Schwartz, R.D.: Astrophys. J. 195, 631 (1975).
Seaton, M.J.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 114, 154 (1954).
Seaton, M.J.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 30, 979 (1958).
Seaton, M.J.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 132, 113 (1966).
Strom, K.M., Strom, S.E., Grasdalen, G.L.: Astrophys. J. 187, 83 (1974).
Strom, K.M., Strom, S.E., Kinman, T.D.: Astrophys. J. (Letters) 191, L 93 (1974).
Strom, S.E., Grasdalen, G.L., Strom, K.M.: Astrophys. J. (in press) (1974).
Thackeray, A.D.: Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 135, 51 (1967).
Unsöld, A.: Physik der Sternatmosphären. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1955, 1968.
Whitford, A.E.: Astron. J. 63, 201 (1958).
Wurm, K.: Die planetarischen Nebel. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1951.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Böhm, KH. (1975). Herbig-Haro Objects and T Tauri Nebulae. In: Baschek, B., Kegel, W.H., Traving, G. (eds) Problems in Stellar Atmospheres and Envelopes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80919-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80919-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80921-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80919-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive