Abstract
Antibiotics interfering with the transcription of DNA can at present be subdivided into two classes:
-
1.
those interacting with the DNA template
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2.
those which specifically affect either prokaryotic or eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Chapter II is concerned with the inhibitors of the DNA template; Chapter III deals with the specific inhibitors of prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase.
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References
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TEMIN, H.M., MIZUTANI, S.: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 226, 1211–1213 (1970).
THOMPSON, E.B., GRANNER, D.K., TOMKINS, G.M.: Superinduction of tyrosine aminotransferase by actinomycin D in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. J. molec. Biol. 51, 159–175 (1970).
WAKSMAN, S.A., WOODRUFF, H.B.: Bacteriostatic and bactericidal substances produced by a soil Actinomyces. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 45, 609–614 (1940).
WEISSBACH, H., KATZ, E.: Studies on the biosynthesis of actinomycin: Enzymic synthesis of the phenoxazone chromophore. J. biol. Chem. 236, PC16-PC18 (1961).
WEISSBACH, H., REDFIELD, B., BEAVEN, V., KATZ, E.: A4-Methyl-3-hydro~ xyanthranilic acid, an intermediate in actinomycin biosynthesis. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 119, 524–530 (1965).
WELLS, R.D.: Actinomycin binding to DNA: Inability of a DNA-containing guanine to bind actinomycin D. Science 165, 75–76 (1969).
WELLS, R.D., LARSON, J.E.: Studies on the binding of actinomycin D to DNA and DNA model polymers. J. molec. Biol. 45, 319–342 (1970).
YAMAOKA, K., ZIFFER, H.: The optical properties of actinomycin D. II. Optical activity of the deoxyribonucleic acid complex. Biochemistry 7, 1001–1008 (1968).
ZIFFER, H., YAMAOKA, K., MAUGER, A.B.: Optical properties of actinomycin D. I. Influence of the lactone rings on its optical activity. Biochemistry 1, 996–1001 (1968).
ZIPPER, P., KRATKY, O., BUNEMANN, H., MILLER, W.: A small-angle X-ray scattering study on the interaction of actinomycin C3 with deoxyribonucleic acid from calf thymus. FEBS Letters 25, 123–126 (1972).
B. Anthracyclines
AKASAKA, K., SAKODA, M., HIROMI, K.: Kinetic studies on acridine or- ange-DNA interaction by fluorescence stopped-flow method. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 40, 1239–1245 (1970).
AKTIPIS, S., KINDELIS, A.: Optical properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid-ethidium bromide complex. Effect of salt. Biochemistry 12, 1213–1221 (1973).
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ARCAMONE, F., FRANCESCHI, G., OREZZI, P., CASSINELLI, G., BARBIERI, W., MONDELLI, R.: Daunomycin. I. The structure of daunomycinone. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 86, 5334–5335 (1964a).
ARCAMONE, F., CASSINELLI, G., OREZZI, P., FRANCESCHI, G., MONDELLI, R.: Daunomycin. II. The structure and stereochemistry of daunosamine. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 86, 5335–5336 (1964b).
ARCAMONE, F., FRANCESCHI, G., PENCO, S., SELVA, A.: Adriamycin (14- hydroxy daunorubicin) a novel antitumour antibiotic. Tetrahedron Letters pp. 1007–1010 (1969).
BARTHELEMY-CLAVEY, V., MAURIZOT, J.-C., SICARD, P.J.: Etude spectro- photometrique du complexe DNA-daunorubicine. Biochimie 55, 859–868 (1973).
BAUER, W., VINOGRAD, J.: The interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes. I. The superhelix density of SV 4o DNA in the presence and absence of dye. J. molec. Biol. 33, 141–171 (1968).
BAUER, W., VINOGRAD, J.: The interaction of closed circular DNA with intercalative dyes. II. The free energy of superhelix formation, in SV 40 DNA. J. molec. Biol. 147, 419–435 (1970).
BAUER, W., VINOGRAD, J.: The use of intercalative dyes in the study of closed circular DNA. In: Progr. molec. subcell. Biol. (F.E. HAHN, Ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 181–215. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.
BHUYAN, B.K.: Phleomycin, xanthomycin, streptonigrin, nogalamycin and aurantin. In: D. GOTTLIEB, P.D. SHAW (Eds.): Antibiotics, Vol. I: Mechanism of Action, pp. 173–180. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.
BHUYAN, B.K., DIETZ, A.D.: Fermentation, taxonomic and biological studies of nogalamycin. Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 1965, 836–844 (1965).
BHUYAN, B.K., REUSSER, F.: Comparative biological activity of nogalamycin and its analogs. Cancer Res. 30, 984–989 (1970).
BHUYAN, B.K., SMITH, C.G.: Differential interaction of nogalamycin with DNA of varying base composition. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 54, 566–572 (1965).
BITTMANN, R.: Studies of the binding of ethidium bromide to transfer ribonucleic acid: absorption, fluorescence, ultracentrifugation and kinetic investigations. J. molec. Biol. 46, 251–268 (1969).
BLAKE, A., PEACOCKE, A.R.: The interaction of aminoacridines with nucleic acids. Biopolymers 1L, 1225–1253 (1968).
BORISOVA, O.F., MINYAT, E.E.: Complexes of deoxynucleoprotein with acridine orange dye. Mol. Biol. SSSRJ., 758–767 (1969).
BRADLEY, D.F., LIFSON, S.: Statistical mechanical analysis of binding of acridines to DNA. In: B. PULLMAN (Ed.): Molecular Association in Biology, pp. 261–270. New York-London: Academic Press 1968.
BRADLEY, D.F., WOLF, M.K.: Aggregation of dyes bound to polyanions. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 45, 944–952 (1959).
BRAZHNIKOVA, M.G., ZBARSKY, V.B., KUDINOVA, M.-K., MURAVIEVA, L.I., PONAMARENKO, V.I., POTAPOVA, N.P.: Carminomycin, a new antitumor anthracycline. Antibiotiki 18 678–681 (1973a).
BRAZHNIKOVA, M.G., ZBARSKY, V.B., POTAPOVA, N.P., SHEINKER, Yu.N., VLASOVA, T.F., ROZYNOV, B.V.: Structure of aglycone of carminomycin, an antitumour antibiotic. Antibiotiki 18, 1059–1063 (1973b).
BREMERSKOV, V., LINNEMANN, R.: Some effects of daunomycin on the nucleic acid synthesis in synchronized L-cells. Europ. J. Cancer 5, 317–330 (1969).
BROCKMANN, H., BOLDT, P., NIEMEYER, J.: Beta-rhodomycinon and gammarhodomycinon. Chem. Ber. 16, 1356–1372 (1963).
CALENDI, E., DMARCO, A., REGGIANI, M., SCARPINATO, B., VALENTINI, L.: On physico-chemical interactions between daunomycin and nucleic acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 103, 25–49 (1965).
CANTOR, C.R., BEARDSLEY, K., NELSON, J., TAO, T., CHIN, K.W.: Studies on tRNA structure using covalently and noncovalently bound fluorescent dyes. In: Progr. molec. subcell. Biol. (F.E. HAHN, Ed.), Vol.2, pp. 297–315. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.
CHAN, E.W., BALL, J.K.: Interaction of DNA with three dimethyl derivatives of benz(c)acridines. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 238, 31–45 (1971).
CHURCHICH, J.E.: Fluorescence studies on soluble ribonucleic acid labelled with acriflavine. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 75, 274–276 (1963).
COHEN, G., EISENBERG, H.: Viscosity and sedimentation study of sonicated DNA-proflavine complexes. Biopolymers 8, 45–56 (1969).
COHEN, A., HARLEY, E.H., REES, K.R.: Antiviral effect of daunomycin. Nature 222, 36–38 (1969).
CRAWFORD, L.V., WARING, M.J.: Supercoiling of polyoma virus DNA measured by its interaction with ethidium bromide. J. molec. Biol. 25, 23–30 (1967).
CROOK, L.E., REES, K.R., COHEN, A.: Effect of daunomycin on HeLa cell nucleic acid synthesis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21, 281–286 (1972).
DALGLEISH, D.G., FEY, G., KERSTEN, W.: Circular dichroism spectroscopy of complexes of the antibiotics daunomycin, nogalamycin, chromomycin and mithramycin with DNA. Submitted for publication 1973.
DANO, K.: Development of resistance to adriamycin (NSC-123127) in Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo. Cancer Chemother. Rep. Pt. 156, 321–326 (1972).
Di MARCO, A.: Daunomycin and related antibiotics. In: D. GOTTLIEB, P.D. SHAW (Eds.): Antibiotics, Vol. I: Mechanism of Action, pp. 190 to 210. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.
Di MARCO, A., SILVESTRINI, R., Di MARCO, S., DASDIA, T.: Inhibiting effect of the new cytotoxic antibiotic, daunomycin, on nucleic acids and mitotic activity of HeLa cells. J. Cell Biol. 27, 545–550 (1965).
DUBOST, M., GANTER, P., MARAL, R., NINET, L., PINNERT, S., PRENDHOMME, J., WERNER, G.-H.: Rubidomycin: a new antibiotic with cytostatic properties. Cancer Chemother. Rep. 151, 35–36 (1964).
DOSKOÔIL, J., FRIÔ, I.: Complex formation of daunomycin with double- stranded RNA. FEBS Letters 31, 55–58 (1973).
DOURLENT, M., HÉLÈNE, C.: A quantitative analysis of proflavine binding to polyadenylic acid, polyuridylic acid, and transfer RNA. Europ. J. Biochem. 23, 86–95 (1971).
DUBOST, M., GANTER, P., MARAL, R., NINET, L., PINNERT, S., PREUDHOMME, J., WERNER, G.-H.: Rubidomycin: a new antibiotic with cytostatic properties. Cancer Chemother. Rep. 41, 35–36 (1964).
ELLEM, K.A.O., RHODE III, S.L.: Selective inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis in HeLa cells by nogalamycin, a dA:dT binding antibiotic. Biochem. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 109, 415–424 (1970).
ETTLINGER, L., GÂUMANN, E., HÎÎTTÉR, R., KELLERSCHIERLEIN, W., KRADOLFER, F., NEIPP, L., PRELOG, V., REUSSER, P., ZÂHNER, H.: Stoffwech- selprodukte von Actinomyceten. XVI. Cinerubine. Chem. Ber. 92, 1867–1879 (1959).
EVANS, I., LINSTEAD, D., RHODES, P.M., WILKIE, D.: Inhibition of RNA synthesis in mitochondria by daunomycin. Biochim. biophys. Acta 312, 323–326 (1973).
FELSTED, R.L., GEE, M., BACHUR, N.R.: Rat liver daunorubicin reductase an aldo-keto reductase. J. biol. Chem. 249, 3672–3679 (1974)
FEY, G.: Circulardichrographische Untersuchungen an DNA-Antibiotika-Komplexen. Diss. Nat.Fak. Erlangen-Niirnberg 1973.
FINKELSTEIN, T., WEINSTEIN, I.B.: Proflavine binding to transfer ribonucleic acid, synthetic ribonucleic acids, and deoxyribonucleic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3763–3768 (1967).
FULLER W. WARING, M.J.: Molecular mode for the interaction of ethidium bromide with deoxyribonucleic acid. Ber. Bunsengesellsch. Phys. Chem. 68, 805–808 (1964).
GAUE, G.F., SVESHNIKOVA, M.A., UKHOLINA, R.S., GAVRILINA, G.V., FILICHEVA, V.A., GLADKIKH, E.G.: Production of antitumor antibiotic carminomycin by Actinomadura carminate sp. nov. Antibiotiki 18, 675–678 (1973).
GRAY, G.D., CAMIENER, G.W., BHUYAN, B.K.: Nogalamycin effects in rat liver: Inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase induction and nucleic acid biosynthesis. Cancer Res. 26, 2419–2424 (1966).
GREIN, A., SPALLA, C., DMARCO, A., CANEVAZZI, G.: Descrizione e classificazione di un attinomicete (Streptomyces peucetius sp. nova) produttore di una sostanze ad attività antitumorale: la daunomycina. Giorn. Microbiol. 11, 109–118 (1963).
GROSJEAN, H., WÊRENNE, J., CHANTRENNE, H.: The binding of proflavine to transfer ribonucleic acid: Dependence on secondary structure. Biochim. biophys. Acta 166, 616–627 (1968).
HAHN, F.E. (Ed.): Complexes of biological active substances with nucleic acids and their modes of action. Progr. molec. subcell. Biol., Vol. 2. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.
HULTIN, T.: Effects of aminoacridines and related compounds on the conformation of rat liver ribosomes. Chem.-Biol. Interactions 2, 61–77 (1970).
INAGAKI, A., KAGEYAMA, M.: Interaction of antibiotics with deoxyribonucleic acid. II. DNA-cellulose chromatography of antibiotics and related compounds. J. Biochem. 68, 187–192 (1970).
IWAMOTO, R.H., LIM, P., BHACCA, N.S.: The structure of daunomycin. Tetrahedron Letters 3891–3894 (1968).
KELLER-SCHIERLEIN, W., RICHLE, W.: Metabolic products of microorganisms. LXXXVI. Structure of cinerubine A. Antimicr. Agents Chemother. 410, 68–77 (1970).
KERSTEN, H., KERSTEN, W.: The failure of bacteria to control nucleic acid metabolism in the presence of sublethal doses of antibiotics. Proc. Congr. on Antibiotics, Prague 1964 (H. MILOS, G. ZDENEK, Eds.) pp. 645–650. London: Butterworths 1966.
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Die Bindung von Daunomycin, Cinerubin und Chromomycin A3 an Nucleinsäuren. Biochem. Z. 341, 174–183 (1965).
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Reaktionen verschiedener Antibiotika mit Nukleinsäuren und ihre Wirkung auf den Nukleinsäurestoffwechsel. Int. Symp. über Wirkungsmechanismen von Fungiziden und Antibiotika, S. 177–196. Berlin: Academie-Verlag 1967.
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Interaction of antibiotics with nucleic acids. In: B. PULLMAN (Ed.): Molecular Associations in Biology, pp. 289–298. New York-London: Academic Press 1968.
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H., SZYBALSKI, W.: Physicochemical properties of complexes between deoxyribonucleic acid and antibiotics which affect ribonucleic synthesis (actinomycin, daunomycin, cinerubine, nogalamycin, chromomycin, mithramycin and olivomycin). Biochemistry 5, 236–244 (1966).
KIM, J.H., GELBARD, A.S., DJORDJEVIC, B., KIM, S.H., PEREZ, A.G.: Action of daunomycin on the nucleic acid metabolism and viability of HeLa cells. Cancer Res. 28, 2437–2442 (1968).
KOSCHEL, K., HARTMANN, G., KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Die Wirkung des Chromomycins und einiger Anthracyclinantibiotika auf die DNA-abhängige Nukleinsäure-Synthese. Biochem. Z. 344, 76–86 (1966).
LERMAN, L.: Structural considerations in the interaction of DNA and acridines. J. molec. Biol. 18–30 (1961).
LERMAN, L.S.: The structure of the DNA-acridine complex. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 49, 94–102 (1963).
LERMAN, L.S.: Acridine mutagens and DNA structure. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 61, Suppl. 1–18 (1964).
LI, H.J., CROTHERS, D.M.: Relaxation studies of the proflavine-DNA complex: the kinetics of an intercalation reaction. J. molec. Biol. 39, 461–477 (1969).
LÖBER, G.: Acridine, ihre physikochemische und biochemische Bedeutung Z. Chem. 4, 92–102, 135–145 (1971).
LURQUIN, P., BUCHET-MAHIEU, J.: Biological activity of ethidium bromide-transfer RNA complexes. FEBS Letters 12, 244–248 (1971).
MITSCHER, L.A., McCRAE, W., ANDRES, W.W., LOWERY, J.A., BOHONOS, N.: Ruticulomycins, new anthracycline antibiotics. J. pharm. Sci. 53, 1139–114o (1964).
NASS, M.M.K.: Differential effects of ethidium bromide on mitochrondrial and nuclear DNA synthesis in vivo in cultured mammalian cells Exp. Cell Res. 72, 211–222 (1972).
NEWTON, B.A.: The mode of action of phenanthridines: the effect of ethidium bromide on cell division and nucleic acid synthesis. J. gen. Microbiol. 17, 718–730 (1957).
OSTERTAG, W., KERSTEN, W.: The action of proflavine and actinomycin D in causing chromatid breakage in human cells. Exp. Cell Res. 39, 296–301 (1965).
PAOLETTI, J., Le PECQ, J.B.: Resonance energy transfer between ethidium bromide molecules bound to nucleic acids. Does intercalation wind or unwind the DNA helix?. J. molec. Biol. 159, 43–62 (1971).
PARISI, B., SOLLER, A.: Studies on the antiphage activity of daunomycin. Giorn. Microbiol. 12, 183–194 (1964).
PIGRAM, W.J., FULLER, W., HAMILTON, L.D.: Stereochemistry of intercalation: interaction of daunomycin with DNA. Nature New Biology 235, 17–19 (1972).
PULLMAN, B. (Ed.): Molecular association in biology. New York-London: Academic Press 1968.
REVEL, M., HIATT, H.H.: The stability of liver messenger RNA. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) J51, 810–818 (1964).
RINGERTZ, N.R., BOLUND, L., Dar ZYNKIEWICZ, Z.: AO binding of intracellular nucleic acids in fixed cells in relation to cell growth. Exp. Cell Res. 63, 233–238 (1970).
ROTH, D., MANJON, M.L.: Studies of a specific association between acriflavine and DNA in intact cells. Biopolymers 7, 695–706 (1969).
RUSCONI, A.: Different binding sites in DNA for actinomycin and daunomycin. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 123, 627–630 (1966).
RUSCONI, A., Di MARCO, A.: Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis by daunomycin and its relationship to the uptake of the drug into HeLa cells. Cancer Res. 29, 1507–1511 (1969).
SAKODA, M., HIROMI, K., AKASAKA, K.: Kinetic studies on acridine orange-DNA interaction. A branched mechanism involving intercalation and outside “dimerization”. J. Biochem. 71, 891–896 (1972).
SILVESTRINI, R., Di MARCO, A., DASDIA, T.: Interference of daunomycin with metabolic events of the cell cycle in synchronized culture of rat fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 10, 966–973 (1970).
STEINERT, M., Van ASSEL, S., STEINERT, G.: Étude, par autoradiographie, des effects du bromure dfêthidium sur la synthèse des acides nucléiques de Crithidia luciliae. Exp. Cell. Res. 56, 69–74 (1969).
SUZUKI, T.: The structure of an antibiotic B-58941. Bull. chem. Soc. Jap. 43, 292 (1970).
TABACZYNSKl, M., SHELDRICK, P., SZYBALSKI, W.: Comparison of the mutagenic properties of the acridine dyes and of other “intercalating” agents, including ethidium bromide and the anthracycline antibiotics (einerubin, daunomycin and nogalamycin). Microbial Genetics Bull. 23, 7–8. (1965).
TOMCHICK, R., MANDEL, H.G.: Biochemical effects of ethidium bromide in microorganisms. J. gen. Microbiol. 36, 225–236 (1964).
TRITTON, T.R., MOHR, S.C.: Relaxation kinetics of the binding of ethidium bromide to unfractionated yeast tRNA at low dye-phosphate ratio. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 45, 1240–1249 (1971).
TRITTON, T.R., MOHR, S.C.: Kinetics of ethidium bromide binding as a probe of transfer ribonucleic acid structure. Biochemistry 12, 905–914 (1973).
TROUET, A., DEPREZ- de CAMPENEERE, D., de DUVE, C.: Chemotherapy through lysosomes with a DNA-daunorubicin complex. Nature New Biology 239, 110–112 (1972).
ULLMAN, R.: Intri-nsic viscosity of wormlike polymer chains. J. chem. Phys. 49, 5486–5497 (1968).
URBANKE, C., RÖMER, R., MAASS, G.: The binding of ethidium bromide to different conformations of tRNA. Unfolding of tertiary structure. Europ. J. Biochem. 33 511–516 (1973).
WARING, M.J.: The effects of antimicrobial agents on ribonucleic acid polymerase. Molec. Pharmacol. 1–13 (1965).
WARING, M.J.: Structural requirements for the binding of ethidium to nucleic acids. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 114, 234–244 (1966).
WARING, M.J.: Intercalation into DNA. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. 259, 91–97 (1968).
WARING, M.J.: Variation of the supercoils in closed circular DNA by binding ov antibiotics and drugs: evidence for molecular models involving intercalation. J. molec. Biol. 54, 247–279 (1970).
WARING, M.J.: Binding of drugs to supercoiled circular DNA: evidence for and against intercalation. In: F.E. HAHN (Ed.): Progr. molec. subcell. Biol., Vol. 2, pp. 216–231. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.
WILEY, P.P., MacKELLER, F.A., CARON, E.L., KELLY, R.B.: Isolation, characterization and degradation of nogalamycin. Tetrahedron Letters 663–668 (1968).
ZUNINO, F.: Studies on the mode of interaction of daunomycin with DNA. FEBS Letters J 8, 249–253 (1971).
C. Chromomycin, Olivomycin and Mithramycin
BAKHAEVA, G.P., BERLIN, Y.A., BOLDYREVA, E.F., CHUPRUNOVA, O.A., KOLOSOV, M.N., SOIFER, V.S., VASILJEVA, T.E., YARTSEVA, I.V.: The structure of aureolic acid (mithramycin). Tetrahedron Letters 3595–3598 (.1968).
BEHR, W., HARTMANN, G.: Spektralphotometrische Untersuchungen über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Chromomycin A3 und Nukleinsäuren. Biochem. Z. 143, 519–527 (1965).
BEHR, W., HONIKEL, K., HARTMANN, G.: Interaction of the RNA polymerase inhibitor chromomycin with DNA. Europ. J. Biochem. 91 82–92 (1969).
BERLIN, Y.A., ESIPOV, S.E., KOLOSOV, M.N., SHEMYAKIN, M.M.: The struc ture of olivomycin. Tetrahedron Letters 1431–1436 (1966).
BRAZHNIKOVA, M.G., KRUGLYAK, E.B., BORISOVA, V.N., FEDOROVA, G.B.: A study of homogeneity of olivomycin. Antibiotiki 9, 141–146 (1964a).
BRAZHNIKOVA, M.G., KRUGLYAK, E.B., MESENTSEV, A.S., FEDOROVA, G.B: products of acid hydrolysis of olivomycin. Antibiotiki 9, 552–553 (1964b).
BRAZHNIKOVA, M.G., KRUGLYAK, E.B., KOVSHAROVA, I.N., KONSTANTINOVA, N.V., PROSHLYAKQVA, V.V.: Isolation, purification and study of certain physical-chemical properties of anew antibiotic olivomycin. Antibiotiki 7, 39–44 (1962).
FEY, G.: Circulardichrographische Untersuchungen an DNA-Antibiotika-Komplexen. Diss. Nat.Fak. Erlangen-Nürnberg 1973.
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GAUSE, G.F.: Chromomycin, olivomycin and mithramycin. In: D. GOTTLIEB, P.D. SHAW (Eds.): Antibiotics, Vol. 1: Mechanism of action, pp. 246 to 258. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.
GAUSE, G.F., UCHOLINO, R.S., SVESHNIKOVA, M.A.: Olivomycin — a new antibiotic produced by Actinomyces olivoreticuli. Antibiotiki 7, 34–38 (1962).
GAUSE, G.G., LOSHKAREVA, N.P.: Effect of olivomycin on the cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Vop. med. Khim. U, 64–66 (1965).
GAUSE, G.G., LOSHKAREVA, N.P., DUDNIK, Y.V.: Mechanism of action of olivomycin. Antibiotiki 10, 307–313 (1965).
HARTMANN, G., BEHR, W., BOCK, L., HONIKEL, K., LILL, H., LILL, U., SIPPEL, A.: Zur Wirkung von Antibiotika auf die Nukleinsäuresynthese. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig. 212, 224–232 (1970).
HARTMANN, A., GOLLER, H., KOSCHEL, K., KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Hemmung der DNA-abhängigen RNA- und DNA-Synthese durch Antibiotika. Biochem. Z. 341, 126–128 (1964).
HAYASAKA, T., INOUE, Y.: Chromomycin A3 studies in aqjieous solutions. Spectrophotometric evidence for aggregation and interaction with herring sperm deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 8, 2342–2347 (1969).
HONIKEL, K.O., SANTO, R.E.: A model for the ih vitro inhibition of the DNA polymerase reaction with the base specific antibiotics Chromomycin A3, Actinomycin-C3 and Daunomycin. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 269, 354–363 (1972).
KAMIYAMA, M., KAZIRO, Y.: Mechanism of action of chromomycin A3. I. Inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism in B. subtilis cells. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 59, 49–56 (1966).
KAZIRO, Y., KAMIYAMA, M.: Inhibition of RNA polymerase reaction by chromomycin A3. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 19, 433–437 (1965).
KERSTEN, W.: Interaction of carcinostatic antibiotics with nucleic acids. Gann Monograph 6, 65–71 (1968).
KERSTEN, W.: Inhibition of RNA synthesis by quinone antibiotics. In: Progr. molec. subcell. Biol., Vol. 2 (F.E. HAHN, Ed.), pp. 48 to 57. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1971.
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Die Bindung von Daunomycin, Cinerubin und Chromomycin A3 an Nukleinsäuren. Biochem. Z. 341, 174–183 (1965).
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Interaction of antibiotics with nucleic acids. In: B. PULLMAN (Ed.): Mol. Assoc. Biology, pp. 289–298. New York-London: Academic Press 1968.
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H., STEINER, F.E., EMMERICH, B.: The effect of chromomycin and mithramycin on the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acids. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 348, 1415–1423 (1967).
KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H., SZYBALSKI, W.: Physicochemical properties of complexes between deoxyribonucleic acid and antibiotics which affect ribonucleic acid synthesis (actinomycin, daunomycin, cinerubine, nogalamycin, chromomycin, mithramycin and olivomycin). Biochemistry 5, 236–244 (1966).
KIDA, M., UJIHARA, M., OHMURA, E., KAZIWARA, K.: The effect of chromomycin A3 upon nucleic acid metabolism of B. subtilis SB-15. J. Biochem. 59, 353–362 (1966).
KOSCHEL, K., HARTMANN, G., KERSTEN, W., KERSTEN, H.: Die Wirkung des Chromomycins und einiger Anthracyclinantibiotika auf die DNA-abhängige Nukleinsäure-Synthese. Biochem. Z. 344, 76–86 (1966).
LAIKO, A.V.: The action of certain antitumour antibiotics on the synthesis of nucleic acids in cells of Staphylococci. Antibiotiki 7, 601–605 (1962).
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D. Kanchanomycin
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E. Distamycin and Netropsin
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F. Anthramycin
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Kersten, H., Kersten, W. (1974). Inhibitors of RNA Synthesis that Interact with the DNA Template. In: Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis. Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80855-5_3
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