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Coefficient of Antibody Activity in the Aqueous Humor to That in the Serum in Ocular Herpes Simplex

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Book cover Herpetische Augenerkrankungen

Summary

The biological diagnosis of serious intraocular herpetic infections is generally only possible due to a study of the aqueous humor either by the isolation of the viral strain, by the demonstration of viral antigens or by an elevation in the coefficient of antiherpetic antibody activity in the aqueous humor to that in the serum, which seems to correspond to a local synthesis of antibody. The study of this coefficient concerned 163 aqueous humor-serum pairs taken from patients, the majority of whom were suffering from anterior segmentitis, disciform keratitis, interstitial keratitis or uveitis.

The titration of the antiherpetic antibodies by passive hemagglutination (Ab AH, AbS) and the assay of total immunoglobulin using the Laurell technique (Ig AH, IgS) allowed the coefficient to be calculated:

$${\text{C = }}\frac{{{\text{Ab AH}}}}{{{\text{Ab S}}}} \times \frac{{{\text{IG S}}}}{{{\text{Ig AH}}}}{\text{which normally is equal to 1}}{\text{.}}$$
(1)

82 coefficients out of 163 (50.3%) were lower or equal to 1, i.e. not signifying ocular herpes. 81 were superior to 1. Statistical calculation allows, at present, a coefficient above or equal to 2 to be considered significant for a herpetic infection, that is to say 59 coefficients in this study (36.2%) leaving 22 coefficients (13.5%) which are of an uncertain diagnostic value. 91 specimens were studied in parallel with regard to measles, an ubiquitous infection of children, usually without ocular involvement. The titer of antimeasles antibody in the aqueous humor is a function of the hemato-camerular barrier. The measles coefficients remained low, with one exception, and thus support the diagnostic value of a raised herpes coefficient. The comparison of herpes and measles coefficients is above all useful when the herpes coefficient is around the limiting value of 2.

Out of the 163 patients, with various different diseases, 88 ocular herpes cases were identified on the basis on the basis of well-defined clinical or biological criteria. For 38 of the latter, the increase in the herpes coefficient was the only diagnostic element. This coefficient is especially significant in diseases of the anterior chamber in the acute phase: anterior segmentitis or deep keratitis; it remains low in superficial keratitis and is exceptionally raised in isolated uveitis. The coefficient is not significant in the other 22 cases of ocular herpes diagnosed by other criteria. The cause of this failure is not always evident. It is possible that a variation in viral multiplication in the uvea is responsible.

Zusammenfassung

Die Diagnose eines intraokularen Herpes kann man nur durch die Virusisolierung aus dem Kammerwasser oder den Nachweis von Virusantigen aus dem Augeninnern oder schließlich durch die Bestimmung eines spezifischen Antikörper-Koeffizienten stellen, der das Verhältnis der Antikörper im Kammerwasser zu dem im Serum angibt und bei positivem Ausfall für eine lokale Antikörperproduktion spricht. Wir untersuchten 163 Kammerwasser-Serum-Paare. Die meisten Patienten litten an einer vorderen Segmentitis, einer disciformen Keratitis, einer interstitiellen Keratitis oder einer Uveitis. Wenn man die spezifischen Antikörper mit der passiven Hämagglutination und die Gesamt-Immunproteine mit der Laurell-Technik bestimmt, kann man folgenden Koeffizienten berechnen, der im allgemeinen ungefähr 1 ist:

$${\text{C = }}\frac{{{\text{AK KW}}}}{{{\text{AK S}}}} \times \frac{{{\text{Ig S}}}}{{{\text{Ig KW}}}}$$

Von 163 Koeffizienten waren 82 ≤ 1 (50,3%) und sprachen gegen eine Herpes-Ätiologie, 81 waren über 1. Nach statistischen Berechnungen nehmen wir derzeit einen Koeffizienten von gleich oder größer als 2 als beweisend fiir eine Herpesinfektion an. Dies fanden wir 59mal (36, 2%). 22 Koeffizienten waren diagnostisch grenzwertig und damit unsicher (13,5%). Bei 91 Patienten konnten wir gleichzeitig auch den spezifischen Koeffizienten fur Masernantikörper bestimmen, eine Infektion des Kindesalters ohne intraokulare Komplikationen. Deshalb kann man die Menge der Maern-AK im Kammerwasser als Ausdruck der Durchlässigkeit der Blut-Kammerwasserschranke ansehen. Bis auf eine Ausnahme blieben die Masern-Koeffizienten tatsächlich niedrig und bestätigten damit den diagnostischen Wert gleichzeitig auf über 2 erhöhter Herpes-Koeffizienten.

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© 1981 J.F. Bergmann Verlag, München

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Denis, J., Rossignol, A., Langlois, M., Dorey, C., Aymard, M., Giraud, J.P. (1981). Coefficient of Antibody Activity in the Aqueous Humor to That in the Serum in Ocular Herpes Simplex. In: Sundmacher, R. (eds) Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. Internationales Symposion der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft vom 12. bis 14. April 1980 in Freiburg. J.F. Bergmann-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80499-1_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80499-1_24

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