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Bacterial Infection: Close Encounters at the Host Pathogen Interface pp 57–79Cite as

Identification of Virulence Determinants in Pathogenic Mycobacteria

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 225))

Abstract

Few infectious organisms have wreaked so much suffering upon the human race as members of the genus Mycobacterium. From ancient times, the major pathogenic mycobacterial species, M. tuberculosis and M. leprae; have afflicted humans, causing not only overt disease, but also immeasurable fear and distress. Lesions suggestive of spinal tuberculosis have been found in the skeleton of a neolithic man (c. 4000 B.C.) and in Egyptian mummies dating from 3700–1000 B.C.(Morse et al. 1964; Grange 1989). Ancient medical writings from China (c. 250 B.C.) and India (between 600 and 400 B.C.) describe skin diseases characterized by nodulation, hair loss, disturbed pigmentation, anesthesia, and ulceration that are suggestive of leprosy (Grange 1989; Wong and Wu 1932; K.N.N.S. Gupta 1909), although skeletal lesions characteristic of leprosy have not been identified in skeletons earlier than one dating from 350 A.D. (Grange 1989). Grange (1989) pointed out that the term “lepra” or “lepros” used in the Talmud and Old and New Testaments was different from the words used to describe leprosy in biblical times; “lepra” or “lepros” referred to specific scaling skin diseases such as psoriasis. However, the context in which the words “lepra” or “lepros” were used in biblical times served to link these words with defilement in general and led to the association of repugnance that remains associated with leprosy even today and has contributed to untold stress and psychological suffering among the victims of this disease (Grange 1989).

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  1. Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA

    J. E. Clark-Curtiss

  2. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA

    J. E. Clark-Curtiss

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  1. Division of Oncovirology, BCC 239, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Peter K. Vogt Ph.D.

  2. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    Michael J. Mahan Ph.D.

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Clark-Curtiss, J.E. (1998). Identification of Virulence Determinants in Pathogenic Mycobacteria. In: Vogt, P.K., Mahan, M.J. (eds) Bacterial Infection: Close Encounters at the Host Pathogen Interface. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 225. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80451-9_4

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