Skip to main content

Growth Physiology: Approaches to a Spatially and Temporarily Varying Problem

  • Chapter
Progress in Botany

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 59))

Abstract

Growing regions are characterized by a high demand for energy and substances. This makes them very susceptible to variations in substance and energy supply, in the short term. In the long term, the distribution and intensity of growth determines the habitus and morphology of a plant and therefore the capacity to acquire nutrients and energy. These features cannot be changed rapidly and the plant has to manage with its habitus even under unfavourable conditions. For example, high nutrient availability favours a high shoot-root ratio, which makes plants more sensitive to drought stress (Schurr and Schulze 1996). Therefore, analysis of growth is paramount to understand the plant’s performance in a variable environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Barlow EWR (1986) Water relations of expanding leaves. Aust J Plant Physiol 13: 45–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baum SF, Rost TL (1996) Apical organisation in Arabidopsis roots: the root cap and protoderm. Protoplasma 192: 178–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazzanella A, Lochmann H, Mainka A, Bächmann K (1997) Determination of inorganic anions, carboxylic acids and amino acids in plant matrices by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chromatographia (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein N, Silk WK, Läuchli A (1993) Growth and development of sorghum leaves under conditions of NaCl stress. Planta 191: 433–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein N, Silk WK, Läuchli A (1995) Growth and development of sorghum leaves under conditions of NaCl stress: a possible role of some mineral elements in growth inhibition. Planta 196: 699–705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bret-Harte MS, Silk WK (1994) Fluxes and deposition rates of solutes in growing roots. J Exp Bot 45: 1733–1742

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buff E, Baake M, Sievers A (1987) An empirical function for the description of root growth. Plant Physiol 83: 685–690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpita NC, Gibaut DM (1993) Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth. Plant J 3: 1–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cosgrove DJ, Durachko DM (1994) Autolysis and extension of isolated walls from growing cucumber hypocotyls. J Exp Bot 45: 1711–1719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale JE (1988) The control of leaf expansion. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 37: 377–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd IC, Davies WJ (1996) The relationship between leaf growth and ABA accumulation in the grass leaf elongation zone. Plant Cell Environ 19: 1047–1056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan L, Roberts K (1995) The development of cell pattern on the root epidermis. Philos Trans [Biol] 350: 95–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan L, Janmaat K, Willemsen V, Linstead P, Poethig S, Roberts K, Scheres B (1993) Cellular organisation of the Arabidopsis thaliana root. Development 119: 71–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan L, Duckett CM, Grierson C, Linstead P, Schneider K, Lawson E, Dean C, Roberts K (1994) Clonal relationship and cell patterning in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis. Development 120: 2465–2474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durand JL, Onillion B, Schnyder H, Rademacher I (1995) Drought effects on cellular and spatial parameters of leaf growth in tall fescue. J Exp Bot 46: 1147–1155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frensch J, Hsiao TC (1994) Transient responses of cell turgor and growth of maize roots as affected by changes in water potential. Plant Physiol 104: 247–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry SC, Smith RC, Renwick KF, Martin DJ, Hodge SK, Mathews KI (1992) Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, a new wall-loosening enzyme activity from plants. Biochem J 282: 821–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galway M, Masucci J, Lloyd A, Walbot V, Davis R, Schiefelbein J (1994) The TTG gene is required to specify epidermal cell fate and cell patterning in the Arabidopsis root. Dev Biol 166: 740–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandar PW (1983a) Growth in root apices. I. The kinematic description of growth. Bot Gaz 144: 1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandar PW (1983b) Growth in root apices. II. Deformation and the rate of deformation. Bot Gaz 144: 11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandar PW, Hall AJ (1988) Estimating position-time relationships in steady-state, one-dimensional growth zones. Planta 175: 121–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geigenberger P, Lerchl J, Stitt M, Sonnewald U (1996) Phloem-specific expression of pyrophosphatase inhibits long-distance transport of carbohydrates and amino acids in tobacco plants. Plant Cell Environ 19: 43–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodall CR, Green PB (1986) Quantitative analysis of surface growth. Got Gaz 147: 1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckenberger U (1996) Auswirkungen von Trockenstress auf morphologische und physiologische Prozesse während der Blattentwicklung von Ricinus communis (Effects of drought on morphological and physiological processes during leaf development of Ricinus communis). PhD thesis, University of Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckenberger U, Roggatz U, Schurr U (1997) Effect of drought on cytological status of Ricinus communis. J Exp Bot (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hejnowicz Z, Hejnowicz K (1991) Modeling the formation of root apices. Planta 184: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Hejnowicz Z, Karczewski J (1993) Modeling of the meristematic growth of root apices in a natural coordinate system. Am J Bot 80: 309–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hepler PK, Hush JM (1996) Behaviour of microtubules in living plant cells. Plant Physiol 112: 455–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodick D, Kutschera U (1992) Light-induced inhibition of elongation growth in sunflower hypocotyls. Biophysical and ultrastructural investigations. Protoplasma 168: 7–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann B, Kosegarten H (1995) FITC dextran for measuring apoplastic pH gradients between various cell types in sunflower leaves. Physiol Plant 95: 327–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller E, Cosgrove DJ (1995) Expansins in growing tomato leaves. Plant J 8: 795–802.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuchenbrod E, Haase A, Benkert R, Schneider H, Zimmermann U (1995) Quantitative NMR microscopy on intact plants. Magn Reson Imaging 13: 447–455

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kühn C, Quick WP, Schulz A, Riesmeier JW, Sonnewald U, Frommer WB (1996) Companion cell-specific inhibition of the potato sucrose transporter SUT1. Plant Cell Environ 19: 1115–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kutschera U (1992) The role of the epidermis in the control of elongation growth in stems and coleoptiles. Bot Acta 105: 246–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Lecoeur J, Wery J, Turc O, Tardieu F (1995) Expansion of pea leaves subjected to short water deficit: cell number and cell size are sensitive to stress at different periods of leaf development. J Exp Bot 46: 1093–1101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacAdam JW, Volenec J J, Nelson CJ (1989) Effects of nitrogen on mesophyll division and epidermal cell elongation in tall fescue leaf blades. Plant Physiol 89: 549–556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maksymowych R (1973) Analysis of leaf development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Masucci J, Schiefelbein JW (1996) Hormones act downstream of TTG and GL2 to promote root hair outgrowth during epidermis development in the Arabidopsis root. Plant Cell 8: 1505–1517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald AJS, Davies WJ (1996) Keeping in touch: responses of whole plant to deficits in water and nutrient supply. Adv Bot Res 22: 229–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen-Mason SJ (1995) Expansins and cell wall expansion. J Exp Bot 46: 1639–1650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen-Mason SJ, Cosgrove DJ (1995) Expansin mode of action on cell walls — analysis of wall hydrolysis, stress relaxation, and binding. Plant Physiol 107: 87–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen-Mason SJ, Durachko DM, Cosgrove DJ (1992) Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall extension in plants. Plant Cell 4: 1425–1433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen-Mason SJ, Fry S, Durachko DM, Cosgrove DJ (1993) The relationship between xyloglucan endotransglycosylase and in-vitro cell wall extension in cucumber hypocotyls. Planta 190: 327–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Silk W, Läuchli A (1992) Growth and deposition of inorganic nutrient elements in developing leaves of Zea mays L. Plant Physiol 99: 972–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mühling KG, Sattelmacher B (1995) Apoplastic ion concentration of intact leaves of field bean (Vicia faba) as influenced by ammonium and nitrate nutrition. J Plant Physiol 147: 81–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson HE (1995) Remote sensing and image analysis in plant pathology. Annu Rev Phytopathol 33: 489–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer SJ, Davies WJ (1996) An analysis of elemental growth rate, epidermal cell size and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity through the growing zone of ageing maize leaves. J Exp Bot 47: 339–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer SJ, Berridge DM, McDonald AJS, Davies WJ (1996) Control of leaf expansion in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by nitrogen nutrition. J Exp Bot 47: 359–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardossi A, Pritchard J, Tomos AD (1994) Leaf illumination and root cooling inhibit bean leaf expansion by decreasing turgor pressure. J Exp Bot 45: 415–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter I, Fry SC (1994) Changes in xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) activity during hormone-induced growth in lettuce and cucumber hypocotyls and spinach cell suspension cultures. J Exp Bot 45: 1703–1710

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard J, Hetherington Pr, Fry SC, Tomos D (1993) Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity: microfibril orientation and the profiles of cell wall properties along growing regions of maize roots. J Exp Bot 44: 1281–1289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranansinghe S, Taylor G (1996) Mechanisms for increased leaf growth in elevated CO2. J Exp Bot 47: 349–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rost TL, Bryant JA (1996) Root organization and gene expression patterns. J Exp Bot 47: 1613–1628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rost TL, Jones TJ, Falk RH (1988) The distribution and relationship of cell division and maturation events in Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) seedling roots. Am J Bot 75: 1571–1583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnyder H, Nelson CJ, Coutts JG (1987) Assessment of spatial distribution of growth in the elongation zone of grass leaf blades. Plant Physiol 85: 290–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnyder H, Nelson CJ, Spollen WG (1988) Diurnal growth of tall fescue leaf blades. Plant Physiol 86: 1077–1083

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schurr U, Schulze ED (1996) Effects of drought on nutrient and ABA transport in Ricinus communis (L.). Plant Cell Environ 19: 665–674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siebke K, Weis E (1995) Assimilation images of leaves from Glechoma hedereceae. Analysis of non-synchronous stomata related oscillations. Planta 196: 148–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silk WK (1984) Quantitative descriptions of development. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 35: 479–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silk W (1992) Steady form from changing cells. Int J Plant Sci 153 (3): 49–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silk WK, Erickson RO (1979) Kinematics of plant growth. J Theor Biol 76: 481–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silk WK, Lord EM, Eckard KJ (1989) Growth patterns inferred from anatomical records. Plant Physiol 90: 708–713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor G, Ranasinghe S, Bosac C, Gardner SDL, Ferris R (1994) Elevated CO2 and plant growth: cellular mechanisms and responses of whole plants. J Exp Bot 45: 1761–1774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomos D, Pritchard J (1994) Biophysical and biochemical control of cell expansion in roots and leaves. J Exp Bot 45: 1721–1731

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomos AD, Hinde P, Richardson P, Pritchard J, Fricke W (1994) Microsampling and measurements of solutes in single cells. In: Harris N, Oparka KJ (eds) Plant cell biology. A practical approach. Oxford IRL Press, Oxford, pp 297–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf SD, Silk WK, Plant RE (1986) Quantitative patterns of leaf expansion: comparison of normal and malformed leaf growth in Vitis vinifera cv. Ruby Red. Am J Bot 73 (6): 832–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu YJ, Sharp RE, Fry SC, Hetherington R (1993) Root-growth maintenance at low water potentials — increased activity of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. J Cell Biochem S17A:24

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu YJ, Spollen WG, Sharp RE, Hetherington PR, Fry SC (1994) Root growth maintenance at low water potentials. Increased activity of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase and its possible regulation by abscisic acid. Plant Physiol 106: 607–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu YJ, Sharp RE, Durachko DM, Cosgrove DJ (1996) Growth maintenance of the maize primary root at low water potentials involves increases in cell wall extension properties, expansin activity, and wall susceptibility to expansins. Plant Physiol 111: 765–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wymer C, Lloyd C (1996) Dynamic microtubules: implications for cell wall patterns. Trends Plant Sci 1: 222–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu W, Purugganan MM, Polisensky DH, Antosiewicz DM, Fry SC, Braam J (1995) Arabidopsis TCH4, regulated by hormones and the environment, encodes a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. Plant Cell 7: 1555–1567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu W, Campbell P, Vargheese AK, Braam J (1996) The Arabidopsis XET-related gene family: environmental and hormonal regulation of expression. Plant J 9: 879–889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan M, Warn RM, Shaw PJ, Lloyd CW (1995) Dynamic microtubules under the radial and outer tangential walls of microinjected pea epidermal cells observed by computer reconstruction. Plant J 7: 17–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schurr, U. (1998). Growth Physiology: Approaches to a Spatially and Temporarily Varying Problem. In: Behnke, HD., Esser, K., Kadereit, J.W., Lüttge, U., Runge, M. (eds) Progress in Botany. Progress in Botany, vol 59. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80446-5_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80446-5_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80448-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80446-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics