Abstract
Filamentous protein networks are one of the main structural elements in nature. This report describes novel approaches in video-enhanced fluorescence microscopy to visualize and analyze the molecular motions of single constituent filaments of these networks. Common examples of these biopolymer networks are the collagen matrix of connective tissue, cartilage and bones, fibrinogen networks with intercalated blood platelets, and the cytoskeleton of cells. The collagen matrix is a chemically cross-linked network of collagen fibers which consist of tropocollagen filaments. An in vitro example of a network of fibrinogen fibers with embedded platelets is displayed in Fig. 6.1. These fibrinogen gels, which form in wounds, are slowly contracted by the platelets facilitating wound closure during healing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barden JA, Miki M, Hambly BD, Dos Remedios CG (1987) Eur J Biochem 162:583–588
Bremer A, Millonig RC, Sutterlin R, Engel A, Pollard TD, Aebi U (1991) The structural basis for the intrinsic disorder of the actin filament:the “lateral slipping” model. J Cell Biol 115:689–703
Carlier M-F (1993) Dynamic actin. Curr Biol 3(5):321–323
Casella JF, Torres MA (1994) Interaction of Cap Z with actin. The NH2-terminal domains of the alpha 1 and beta subunits are not required for actin capping, and alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers bind differentially to actin. J Biol Chem 269:6992–6998
Chen ZY (1993) Nematic ordering in semiflexible polymer chains. Macromolecules 26:3419–3423
Coppin CM, Leavis PC (1992) Quantitation of liquid-crystalline ordering in F-actin solutions. Biophys J 63:794–807
Doi M (1975) Rotational relaxation time of rigid rod-like macromolecule in concentrated solution. J Phys (Paris) 36:607–617
Doi M (1985) Effect of chain flexibility on the dynamics of rodlike polymers in the entangled state. J Polym Sci Polym Symp 73:93–98
Doi M, Edwards SF (1986) The theory of polymer dynamics. Clarendon, Oxford
Edwards SF (1967) Proc Phys Soc 92:9–13
Elson E L (1988) Cellular mechanics as an indicator of cytoskeletal structure and function. Annu Rev Biophys Chem 17:397–430
Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley, New York
Furukawa R, Kundra R, Fechheimer M (1993) Formation of liquid crystals from actin filaments. Biochemistry 32:12346–12352
de Gennes PG (1971) Reptation of a polymer chain in the presence of fixed obstacles. J Chem Phys 55:572–579
de Gennes PG (1982) Kinetics of diffusion-controlled processes in dense polymer systems. II. Effects of entanglements. In:Ciferri A, Krigbaum WR, Meyer RB (eds) Polymer liquid crystals, chap 5. Academic Press, New York
de Gennes PG, Prost J (1994) The physics of liquid crystals. Clarendon, Oxford
de Gennes PG, Pincus P, Velasco RM, Brochard F (1976) Remarks on polyelectrolyte conformation. J Phys (Paris) 37:1461–1473
Graessley WW (1980) Some phenomenological consequences of the Doi-Edwards theory of viscoelasticity. J Polym Sci 13:27–34
Hendricks J, Kawakatsu T, Kawasaki K, Zimmermann W (1995) On confined semiflexible polymer chains. Phys Rev E51:2658–2661
Ishijima A, Doi T, Sakurada K, Yanagida T (1991) Sub-piconewton force fluctuations of actomyosin in vitro. Nature 352:301–306
Janmey PA, Peetermans J, Zaner KS, Stossel TP, Tanaka T (1986) Structure and mobility of actin filaments as measured by quasielastic light scattering, viscometry, and electron microscopy. J Biol Chem 261:8357–8362
Janmey PA, Hvidt S, Oster GF, Lamb J, Stossel, TP, Hartwig JH (1990) Effect of ATP on actin filament stiffness. Nature 347:95–99
Janmey PA, Euteneuer U, Traub P, Schliwa M (1991) Viscoelastic properties of vimentin compared with other filamentous biopolymer networks. J Cell Biol 113:155–160
Janmey PA, Hvidt S, Käs J, Lerche D, Maggs A, Sackmann E, Schliwa M, Stossel TP (1994) The mechanical properties of actin gels. J Biol Chem 269:32503–32513
Käs J, Strey H, Bärmann M, Sackmann E (1993) Direct measurement of the wave-vector-dependent bending stiffness of freely flickering actin filaments. Europhys Lett 21:865–870
Käs J, Strey H, Sackmann E (1994a) Direct visualization of reptation for semiflexible actin filaments. Nature 368:226–229
Käs J, Laham LE, Finger DK, Janmey PA (1994b) Solution ATP affects the bending elasticity of actin filaments implying a low affinity ATP-binding site on F-actin. Mol Biol Cel. 5:157a
Käs J, Strey H, Tang JX, Finger D, Ezzell R, Sackmann E, Janmey PA (1996) F-actin, a model polymer for semiflexible chains in dilute, semidilute and liquid crystalline solutions. Biophys J 70:609–625
Kaufmann S, Käs J, Goldmann WH, Sackmann E, Isenberg G (1992) Talin anchors and nucleates actin filaments at lipid membranes — a direct demonstration. FEBS Lett 314:203–205
Keep GT, Pecora R (1985) Réévaluation of the dynamic model for rotational diffusion of thin, rigid rods in semidilute solution. Macromolecules 18:1167–1173
Khokhlov AR, Semenov AN (1982) Susceptibility of liquid-crystalline solutions of semiflexible macromolecules in an external orientational field. J Phys A 15:1361–1367
Landau LD, Lifshitz EM (1980) Statistical physics, part 1, 3rd edn. Pergamon, Oxford
Lodge TP, Rotstein NA, Prager S (1993) Dynamics of entangled polymer liquids:do linear chains restate? Adv Chem Phys 79:1–132
MacKintosh FC, Käs J, Janmey PA (1995) Elasticity of semiflexible biopolymer networks. Phys Rev Lett 75(24):4425–4428
Magda JJ, Davis HT, Tirrell M (1986) The transport properties of rod-like particles via molecular dynamics. I. Bulk fluid. J Chem Phys 85:6674–6685
Mogilner A, Oster G (1996) Cell motility driven by actin polymerization. Biophys J 71:3030–3045
Müller O, Gaub HE, Bärmann M, Sackmann E (1991). Viscoelastic moduli of sterically and chemically cross-linked actin networks in the dilute to semidilute regime — measurements by an oscillating disk rheometer. Macromolecules 24:3111–3120
Muthukumar M, Edwards SF (1983) Screeining of hydrodynamic interaction in a solution of rodlike macromolecules. Macromolecules 16:1475–1478
Odijk T (1983) On the statistics and dynamics of confined or entangled stiff polymers. Macromolecules 16:1340–1344
Odijk T (1986) Translational friction coefficient of hydrodynamically screened rodlike macromolecules. Macromolecules 19:2073–2074
Onsager L (1949) The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles. Ann NY Acad Sci 51:627–659
Perkins TT, Smith DE, Chu S (1994) Direct observation of tube-like motion of a single polymer chain. Science 264:819–822
Prochniewicz E, Zhang Q, Janmey PA, Thomas DD (1995) Cooperativity in F-actin:binding of gelsolin at the barbed end affects the structure of the whole filament. Biophys J 68:A248
Radzihovsky L, Frey E (1993) Kinetic theory of flux-line hydrodynamics:liquid phase with disorder. Phys Rev B 48:10357–10381
Ruddies R., Goldmann WH, Isenberg G, Sackmann E (1993) The viscoelasticity of entangled actin networks:the influence of defects and modulation by talin and vinculin. Eur Biophys J 22:309–322
Sackmann E (1994) Intracellular and extracellular macromolecular networks — physics and biologicla function. Macromol Chem Phys 194:7–28
Sato T, Takada Y, Teramoto A (1991) Dynamics of stiff-chain polymers in isotropic solution. 3. Flexibility effect. Macromolecules 24:6220–6226
Schmidt CF, Bärmann M, Isenberg G, Sackmann E (1989) Chain dynamics, mesh size, and diffusive transport in networks of polymerized actin. A quasielastic light scattering and microfluorescence study. Macromolecules 22:3638–3649
Semenov AN (1986) Dynamics of concentrated solutions of rigid-chain polymers, part 1. Brownian motion of persistent macromolecules in isotropic solution. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2 (82):317–329
Sheterline P, Clayton J, Sparrow J (1995) Actin. Protein Profile 2(1):1–103
Smith BS, Finzi L, Bustamente C (1992) Direct mechanical measurements of the elasticity of single DNA molecules by using magnetic beads. Science 258:1122–1126
Stossel TP (1993) On the crawling of animal cells. Science 260:1086–1094
Suzuki A, Maeda T, Ito T (1991) Formation of liquid crystalline phase of actin filament solutions and its dependence on filament length as studied by optical birefringence. Biophys J 59:25–30
Volkmuth WD, Austin RH (1992) DNA electrophoresis in microlithographic arrays. Nature 358:600–602
Vroege GJ, Odijk T (1988) Induced chain rigidity, splay modulus, and other properties of nematic polymer liquid crystals. Macromolecules 21:2848–2858
Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HNW (1992) Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystal. Rep Prog Phys 55:1241–1315
Wegner A J (1975) Head to tail polymerization of actin. Mol Biol 108:139–150
Williams DRM, Warner M (1990) Statics and dynamics of hairpins in worm-like main chain nematic polymer liquid crystals. J Phys Fr 51:317–339
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Käs, J., Guck, J., Humphrey, D. (1998). Dynamics of Single Protein Polymers Visualized by Fluorescence Microscopy. In: Isenberg, G. (eds) Modern Optics, Electronics and High Precision Techniques in Cell Biology. Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80370-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80370-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80372-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80370-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive