Abstract
The efficacy of antimicrobials in experimental infections in animals is dependent on both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. The pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in experimental animals is reviewed in Chap. 5. This chapter reviews the pharmacodynamics of these agents in animal infection models with infections induced by extracellular and intracellular pathogens. The discussion focuses not only on the efficacy of fluoroquinolones, but also on the emergence of resistance to these drugs during therapy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Azoulay-Dupuis E, Bedos JP, Vallee E, Hardy DJ, Swanson RN, Pocidalo JJ (1991) Antipneumococcal activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and temafloxacin in an experimental mouse pneumonia model at various stages of the disease. J Infect Dis 163:319–324
Azoulay-Dupuis E, Vallee E, Veber B, Bedos JP, Bauchet J, Pocidalo JJ (1992) In vivo efficacy of a new fluoroquinolone, Sparfloxacin, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant and multiresistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2698–2703
Baldwin DR, Honeybourne D, Wise R (1992a) Pulmonary disposition of antimicrobial agents: methodological considerations. Antimicrob Agents and Chemoth 36: 1171–1175
Baldwin DR, Honeybourne D, Wise R (1992b) Pulmonary disposition of antimicrobial agents: in vivo observations and clinical relevance. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 36: 1176–1180
Ball P (1994) Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones: lessons to be learned. Infection 22 Suppl 2:140–147
Bamberger DM, Peterson LR, Gerding DN et al (1986) Ciprofloxacin, azlocillin, ceftizoxime, and amikacin alone and in combination against gram-negative bacilli in an infected chamber model. J Infect Dis 18:51–63
Bayer AS, Norman D, Kim KS (1985) Efficacy of amikacin and ceftazidime in experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28:781–785
Bayer AS, Blomquist JK, Kim KS (1986) Ciprofloxacin in experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 17:641–649
Bayer AS, Hirano L, Yin J (1988) Development of beta-lactam resistance and increased quinolone MICs during therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:231–235
Blaser J, Stone BB, Zinner SH (1985) Efficacy of intermittent versus continuous administration of netilmicin in a two-compartment in vitro model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 27:343–349
Blaser J, Stone BB, Groner MC, Zinner SH (1987) Comparative study with enoxacin and netilmicin in a pharmacodynamic model to determine importance of ratio of antibiotic peak concentration to MIC for bacterial activity and emergence of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:1054–1060
Brunner H, Zeiler H-J (1988) Oral ciprofloxacin treatment for Salmonella typhimurium infection of normal and immunocompromised mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:57–62
Bryskier A, Chantot JF (1985) Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and other 4-quinolone derivatives: in-vitro and in-vivo comparison. J Antimicrob Chemother 16:475–484
Butler T, Cartagenova M, Dunn D (1990) Treatment of experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice with lomefloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 25:629–634
Craig WA (1993) Post-antibiotic effects in experimental infection models: relationship to in-vitro phenomena and to treatment of infections in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 31 Suppl D:149–158
Craig WA, Ebert S (1991) Killing and regrowth of bacteria in vitro: a review. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 74:63–70
Craig WA, Gudmundsson S (1992) The postantibiotic effect. In: Lorian V (eds) Antibiotics in laboratory medicine, 3rd edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 403–431
Craig WA, Watanabe Y (1992) In-vivo pharmacodynamic activity of temafloxacin (Abstr 39). 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, p 117
Craig WA, Ebert S, Moffatt J, Bayer W (1993) Pharmacodynmaic activity of Bay y 3118 in animal infection models (Abstr 1485). 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington p 391
Cremieux AC, Saleh-Mghir A, Vallois JM, Maziere B, Muffat-Joly M, Devine C, Bouvet A, Pocidalo JJ, Carbon C (1992) Efficacy of temafloxacin in experimental Streptococcus adjacens endocarditis and autoradiographic diffusion pattern of 14C-temafloxacin in cardiac vegetations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2216–2221
Dalhoff A (1991) Clinical perspectives of quinolones resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 44:221–239
Dalhoff A (1994) Quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Development during therapy and clinical significance. Infection 22[Suppl 2]:111–121
Dalhoff A, Döring G (1985) Interference of ciprofloxacin with the expression of pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Adam D, Hahn H, Opferkuch W (eds) The influence of antibiotics on the host-parasite relationship, II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 246–255
Dalhoff A, Döring G (1986) Interference of ciprofloxacin with the expression of pathogenicity factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in Neu HC, Weuta H (eds) 1st International Ciprofloxacin Workshop, Leverkusen. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 213–219
Dalhoff A, Döring G (1991) Clinical perspectives of quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiot Chemother 44:221–239
Davey P, Barza M, Stuart M (1988) Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to killing by ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 21:395–404
Doss SA, Tillotson GS, Brag NL, Amyes SGB (1995) In vitro and in vivo selection of Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to ciprofloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 35:95–102
Dournon E, Rajagopalan P, Vilde J, Pocidalo JJ (1986) Efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison with erythromycin in the treatment of experimental guinea pig legionellosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 17[Supple B]:41–48
Drugeon HB, Drocurt N, Garaffo R (1994) Streptococcus pneumoniae: conditions d’apparition des mutants resistans vis à vis de la Sparfloxacin et de la Ciprofloxacine dans un modile expérimental animal. Colloque de la société française de microbiologie Paris, abstract no. 27
Drusano GL, Johnson DE, Rosen M (1993) Pharmacodynamics of a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent in a neutropenic rat model of Pseudomonas sepsis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:483–490
Dudley MN, Blaser J, Gilbert D, Zinner SH (1988) Bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria in an in vitro two-compartment capillary model. Rev Infect Dis 10 Suppl 1:34–35
Dworkin R, Modin G, Kunz S, Rich R, Zak O, Sande M (1990) Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and vancomycin in combination with rifampin in a rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus chronic osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34[Suppl 6]:1014–1016
Ebert S, Redington J, Rikardsdottir S, Craig WA (1990) In vivo dose-response relationships for fleroxacin versus ciprofloxacin (Abstr 1003) 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, p 253
Entenza JM, Blatter M, Glauser MP, Moreillon P (1994) Parenteral Sparfloxacin compared with ceftriaxone in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to penicillin-susceptible and resistant streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:2683–2688
Fantin B, Leggett J, Ebert S, Craig WA (1991) Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacilli in a murine infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:1413–1422
Fernandez PB, Shipkowitz N, Swanson RN (1989) Comparative efficacy of the fluoroquinolones in experimental animal infections: correlation with in vitro potency and pharmacokinetics. In: Fernandes PBC (Ed) International Telesymposium on Quinolones. Prous Sciences, Barcelona, pp 255–268
Fernandez PB, Hanson CW, Stamm JM et al (1987) The frequency of in vitro resistance development to fluoroquinolones and the use of murine pyelonephritis model to demonstrate selection of resistance in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 19:449–465
Fernandez-Guerrero M, Rouse M, Henry N, Wilson W (1988) Ciprofloxacin therapy of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 747–751
Forrest A, Nix DE, Ballow CH, Goss TF, Birmingham MC, Schentag JJ (1993) Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:1073–1081
Froidefond S, Saivin S, Lemozy J, Marchou B, Auvergnat JC, Dabernat H (1992) Emergence of resistant strains after antimicrobial therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis. Pathol Biol 40:573–582
Gerber AU, Craig WA (1982) Aminoglycoside-selected subpopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Lab Clin Med 100:671–681
Gerber AU, Vastola AP, Brandel J, Craig WA (1982) Selection of aminoglycoside resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vivo model. J Infect Dis 146:691–697
Gisby J, Wightman BJ, Beale AS (1991) Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefaclor against experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:831–836
Giwercman B, Lambert PA, Rosdahl VT, Shand GH, Hoiby N (1990) Rapid emergence of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients due to in vivo selection of stable partially depressed β-lactamase producing strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 26:247–259
Gordin FM, Hachbarth CJ, Scott KG, Sande MA (1985) Activities of Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in experimentally induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in neutropenic guinea pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 27:452–454
Henry NK, Rouse MS, Whitesell AL, McConnell ME, Wilson W (1987) Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus experimental osteomyelitis with ciprofloxacin or vanomycin alone or in combination with rifampin. Am J Med 82[Suppl 4A]:73–75
Honeybourne D, Baldwin DR (1992) The site concentrations of antimicrobial agents in the lung. J Antimicr Chemother 30:249–260
Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (1993) Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to quinolones. In: Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds) Quinolone antimicrobial agents, 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 97–137
Kaatz GW, Barriere SL, Schamberg DR et al. (1987) The emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin during treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 20:753–758
Kaatz GW, Seo SM, Barriere SL, Albrecht LM, Rybak MJ (1989) Efficacy of fleroxacin in experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:519–521
Kaatz GW, Seo SM, Barriere SL, Albrecht LM, Rybak MJ (1990) Efficacy of ofloxacin in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:257–260
Kaatz GW, Seo SM, Barriere SL, Albrecht LM, Rybak MJ (1991) Development of resistance to fleroxacin during therapy of experimental methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:1547–1550
Kaatz GW, Seo SM, Lamp KC, Bailey EM, Rybak MJ (1992) CI-960, a new fluoroquinolone, for therapy of experimental ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1192–1197
Kernodle DS, Kaiser AB (1994) Comparative prophylactic efficacies of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, cefazolin and vancomycin in experimental model of staphylococcal wound infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:1325–1330
Kimura M, Kishimoto T, Niki Y (1993) In vitro and in vivo antichlamydial activities of newly developed quinolone antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:801–803
Lalande V, Truffot-Pernot C, Paccaly-Moulin A, Grosset J, Ji B (1993) Powerful bactericidal activity of Sparfloxacin (AT-4140) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:407–413
Leggett JE, Fantin B, Ebert S, Totsuka K, Vogelman B, Calame W, Mattie H, Craig WA (1989a) Comparative antibiotic dose effect relationships at several dosing intervals in murine pneumonitis and thigh-infection models. J Infect Dis 159:281–292
Leggett JE, Ebert S, Fantin B, Craig WA (1989b) A sigmoid dose-response model using bacterial counts predicts dose-survival results for Klebsiella pneumoniae in neutropenic mice (Abstr 313). 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, p 153
Leggett JE, Ebert S, Fantin B, Craig WA (1991) Comparative dose-effect relations at several dosing intervals for beta-lactam, aminoglycoside and quinolone antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli in murine thigh-infection and pneumonitis models. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 74:179–184
Lucain C, Regamy C, Bellido F, Pechere JC (1989) Resistance emerging after Pefloxacin therapy of experimental Enterobacter cloacae peritonitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:937–943
MacDonald PJ, Wetherall BL, Pruul H (1981) Postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement: increased susceptibility of bacteria pretreated with antibiotics to activity of leukocytes. Rev Infect Dis 3:38–44
Marchbanks CR, McKiel JR, Gilbert DH, Robillard NJ, Painter B, Zinner SH, Dudley MN (1993) Dose ranging and fractionation of intravenous ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro model of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:1756–1763
Michea-Hamzehpour M, Auckenthaler R, Regamey P et al (1987) Resistance occurring after fluoroquinolone therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:1803–1808
Mulligan ME, Ruane PJ, Johnstone L, Wong P, Wheelock JP, MacDonald K, Reinhart JF, Johnson CC, Statner B, Blomquist I, McCarthy J, O’Brien W, Gardner S, Hammer L, Citron DM (1987) Ciprofloxacin for eradication of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Am J Med 82 [Suppl 4A]:215–219
Nilsson L, Süren L, Radberg G (1987) Frequencies of variants resistant to different aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 20:255–259
Norden CW, Shinner E (1985) Ciprofloxacin as therapy for experimental osteomyelitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dis 151:291–294
Odenholt-Tornqvist I, Lowdin E, Cars O (1992) Postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of vancomycin, roxithomycin, Sparfloxacin, and amikacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1852–1858
Patton DL, Cosgrove YT, Kuo CC, Campbell LA (1993) Effects of quinolone analog CI-960 via monkey model of Chlamydia trachomatis salpingitis. Animicrob Agents Chemother 37:8–13
Perrone CM, Malinverui R, Glauser MP (1987) Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rats with coumermycin Al and ciprofloxacin, alone or in combination. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:539–543
Potel G, Chau NG, Pangon B, Fantin B, Vallois J-M, Faurisson F, Carbon C (1991) Single daily dosing of antibiotics: importance of in vitro killing rate, serum half- life, and protein binding. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:2085–2090
Quale JM, Landman D, Mobarakai N (1994) Treatment of experimental endocarditis due to multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecium with ciprofloxacin and novobiocin. J Antimicrob Chemother 34:797–802
Radberg G, Nilsson L, Svensson S (1990) Development of quinolone-imipenem cross- resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during exposure to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2142–2147
Renneberg J, Walder M (1989) Postantibiotic effects of imipenem, norfloxacin, and amikacin in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1714–1720
Roosendaal R, Bakker-Woudenberg IAJM, van den Berghe-Van Raffe M, Vink-van den Berg JC, Michel MF (1987) Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime against Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in experimental pneumonia in leukopenic rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:1809–1815
Roosendaal R, Bakker-Woudenberg IAJM, van den Berghe-Van Raffe M, Vink-van den Berg JC, Michael MF (1989) Impact of the dosage schedule on the efficacy of ceftazidime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia in leukopenic rats. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8:878–887
Ryan DM, Cars O (1980) Antibiotic assay in muscle: are conventional tissue levels misleading as indicator of the antibacterial activity. Scand J Infect Dis 12:307–309
Saito A, Sawatari K, Fukuda Y, Nagasawa M, Koga H, Tomonaga A, Nakazato H, Fujita K, Shigeno Y, Suzuyama Y, Yamaguchi K, Izumikawa K, Hara K (1985) Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ofloxacin in vitro and in experimental Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28:15–20
Schiff JB, Small GJ, Pennington JE (1984) Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin and tobramycin against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 26:1–4
Scribner RK, Welch DF, Marks MJ (1985) Low frequency of bacterial resistance to enoxacin in vitro and in experimental pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 16:597–603
Stamey TA, Meares EM, Winningham DG (1970) Chronic bacterial prostatitis and the diffusion of drugs into prostatic fluid. J Urol 103:187–194
Sullivan MC, Cooper BW, Nightingale CH, Quintiliani R, Lawlor MT (1993) Evaluation of the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae by using a mouse protection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:234–239
Thauvin C, Lemeland JF, Humbert G, Fillastre JP (1988) Efficacy of pefloxacin- fosfomycin in experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:919–921
Truffot-Pernot C, Ji B, Grosset J (1991) Activities of pefloxacin and ofloxacin against mycobacteria: in vitro and mouse experiment. Tubercle 72:57–64
Ulrich E, Trautmann M, Krause B, Bauernfeind A, Hahn H (1989) Comparative efficacy of ciprofloxacin, azlocillin, imipenem/cilastatin and tobramycin in a model of experimental septicemia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice. Infection 17:311–315
Vilde JL, Dournon E, Rajagopalan P (1986) Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:743–748
Vogelman B, Gudmundsson S, Turnidge J, Craig WA (1988a) The in vivo postantibiotic effect in a thigh infection in neutropenic mice. J Infect Dis 157:287–298
Vogelman B, Gudmundsson S, Leggett J, Turnidge J, Ebert SE, Craig WA (1988b) Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with efficacy in an animal model. J Infect Dis 158:831–847
Watanabe Y, Ebert S, Craig WA (1992a) In-vivo dose-response relationships for ofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin (Abstr 41). 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, p 117
Watanabe Y, Ebert S, Craig WA (1992b) AUC/MIC ratio is unifying parameter for comparison of in vivo activity among fluoroquinolones (Abstr 42). 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, p 117
Wiedemann B, Heisig P (1994) Mechanisms of quinolone resistance. Infection 22 Suppl 2:73–79
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Craig, W., Dalhoff, A. (1998). Pharmacodynamics of Fluoroquinolones in Experimental Animals. In: Kuhlmann, J., Dalhoff, A., Zeiler, HJ. (eds) Quinolone Antibacterials. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80364-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80364-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80366-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80364-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive