Skip to main content

Clinical Pharmacology

  • Chapter
Quinolone Antibacterials

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 127))

Abstract

In drug development clinical pharmacology forms not only the all-important link between preclinical and clinical research providing the necessary prerequisites for targeted clinical trials, but also the link between clinical efficacy and drug concentration. With the aid of experimental and biochemical pharmacology, toxicology and clinical chemistry, clinical pharmacology deals with the safety and tolerance, working mechanism, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a drug in the human organism under physiological and pathological conditions. The aim must be to increase knowledge in the field of pharmacotherapy in order to make it work in an optimal way.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adam D (1989a) Klinische Bedeutung der neueren Chinolonderivate. MMW 131:1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Adam D (1989b) Use of quinolones in pediatric patients. Rev Infect Dis ll (Suppl 5):1113–1116

    Google Scholar 

  • Akerele JO, Okhamafe AO (1991) Influence of oral co-administered metallic drugs on ofloxacin pharmacokinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother 28:87–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albrecht D, Zahorsky R, Krausse R, Wittke J-W, Ullmann U, Niedermayer W (1992) Influence of magnesium- and aluminiumhydroxide on pharmacokinetic data of ofloxacin in patients with prophylaxis of peptic ulcer. Arch Pharmacol 345:R1

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen JE (1993) Drug-induced photosensitivity. Clin Pharm 12:580–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1996a) Sparfloxacin: phototoxicity warrants restriction on use in the community. Presc Int 5(27):6–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1996b) Tendon rupture on fluoroquinolones. Presc Int 5(27):20

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcieri G, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Heyd A, O’Brien B, Becker N, August R (1987) Ciprofloxacin: an update on clinical experience. Am J Med 82 (Suppl 4A):381- 386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arcieri GM, Becker N, Esposito B, Griffith E, Heyd A, Neumann C, O’Brien B, Schacht P (1989) Safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin. A review. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):92–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrigo G, Cavaliere G, D’Amico G, Passarella E, Broccali G (1985) Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in chronic renal failure. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 23:491- 96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avent CK, Krinsky D, Kirklin JK, Bourge RC, Figg WD (1988) Synergistic nephrotoxicity due to ciprofloxacin and cyclosporine. Am J Med 85:452–453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmann K, Schwartz JI, Jauregui L (1988) Predicting the ciprofloxacin-theophylline interaction from single plasma measurements. Br J Clin Pharmacol 26:191- 194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baciewicz AM, Ashar BH, Locke TW (1993) Interaction of ofloxacin and warfarin. Ann Intern Med 199:1223

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball AP, Fox C, Ball ME, Brown IRF, Willis JV (1986) Pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin, 100 mg single dose, in volunteers and elderly patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 17:629–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball P, Tillotson G (1995) Tolerability of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: past, present and future. Drug Saf 13(6):343–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barre J, Houin G, Tillement JP (1984) Dose dependent phamacokinetic study of Pefloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, in humans. J Pharm Sci 73:1379–1382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barriere SL, Catlin DH, Orlando PL, Noe A, Frost RW (1990) Alteration in the pharmacokinetic disposition of ciprofloxacin by simultaneous administration of azlocillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:823–826

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batty KT, Davis TME, Ilett KF, Dusci LJ, Langton SR (1995) The effect of ciprofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39:305–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer A, Gajewska A, Stephens M, Stark JM, Pathy J (1987) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in the elderly. Respiration 51:292–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann J, Elsäßer W, Gundert-Remy U, Hertrampf R (1987) Enoxacin — a potent inhibitor of theophylline metabolism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 33:227–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beermann D, Wingender W, Zeiler HJ, Förster D, Graefe KH, Schacht P (1984) Comparative pharmacokinetics of three new quinolone carboxylic acid antibiotics after oral administration in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 24:403

    Google Scholar 

  • Beermann D, Scholl H, Wingender W, Förster D, Beubler E, Kukovetz WR (1986) Metabolism of ciprofloxacin in man. In: Neu H, Weuta H (eds) Proceedings of the First International Ciprofloxacin Workshop, Leverkusen 1985. Exerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 141–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Beermann D, Wingender W, Horstmann R (1987) Intravenous infusion regimens for rapidly achieving steady state levels of ciprofloxacin. Am J Med 83 (Suppl 4A):360–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T (1988) Pharmacokinetics of fluorinated quinolones. In: Andriole VT (ed) The quinolones. Academic, New York, pp 119–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T, Thorsteinsson SB (1986) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. In: Neu H, Weuta H (eds) Proceedings of the First International Ciprofloxacin Workshop, Leverkusen 1985. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 111–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T, Thorsteinsson SB, Kolstad IM, Johnsen S (1986) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin after intravenous and increasing oral doses. Eur J Clin Microbiol 5:187–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T, Dalhoff A, Rohwedder R (1988) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. Infection 16(Suppl 1):3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T, Rohwedder R, Thorsteinsson SB (1989a) Significance of crystalluria caused by quinolones. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):1395–1396

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergan T, Thorsteinsson SB, Rohwedder R, Scholl H (1989b) Elimination of ciprofloxacin and three major metabolites and consequences of reduced renal function. Chemotherapy 35:395–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianco TM, Bussey HI, Farnett LE, Linn WD, Roush MK, Wong J (1992) Potential warfarin-ciprofloxacin interaction in patients receiving long-term anticoagulation. Pharmacotherapy 12:435–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bleske BE, Carver PL, Annesley TM, Bleske JR, Morady F (1990) The effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetic and ECG parameters of quinidine. J Clin Pharmacol 30:911–915

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blouin RA, Hamelin BA, Smith DA, Foster TS, John WJ, Welker HA (1992) Fleroxacin pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:632–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum RA (1992) Influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin Compared with Other Fluoroquinolones. Am J Med 92(Suppl 4A):18–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum RA, Schultz RW, Schentag JJ (1990) Pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in renally compromised patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2364–2368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum MD, Graham DJ, McCloskey CA (1994) Temafloxacin syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 18:946–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boeckh M, Lode H, Deppermann KM, Grineisen S, Shokry F, Held R, Wernicke K, Koeppe P, Wagner J, Krasemann C, Borner K (1990) Pharmacokientics and serum bactericidal activities of quinolones in combination with clindamycin, metronidazole, and ornidazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2407- 2414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boelaert J, Valcke Y, Schurgers M, Daneeis R, Rosseneu M, Rosseel MT, Bogaert MG (1985) The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in patients with impaired renal function. J Antimicrob Chemother 16:87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boettcher J, Wolter M (1989) Influence of new quinolones on drug metabolism (Abstr 247). J Chemother Infect Dis Malig (Suppl 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Borner K, Höffken G, Prinzing C, Lode H (1984) Renal execretion of ciprofloxacin and several metabolites following single oral or intravenous administration of 50 mg. Fortschr Antimikrob Antineoplast Chemother 3:695–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borner K, Höffken G, Lode H, Koeppe P, Prinzing C, Glatzel P, Wiley R, Olschewski P, Sievers B, Reinitz D (1986) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers after oral and intravenous administration. Eur J Clin Microbiol 5:179- 186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borner K, Borner E, Lode H (1993) A metabolite of Sparfloxacin in urine. Drugs 45(Suppl 3):303–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowie WR, Willetts V, Jewesson PJ (1989) Adverse reactions in a dose-ranging study with a new long-acting fluoroquinolone, fleroxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1778–1782

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowles SK, Popovski Z, Rybak MJ, Beckman HB, Edwards DJ (1988) Effect of norfloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics at steady-state. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:510–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • British National Formulary (1996) No. 31. Pharmaceutical, London, pp 257–259

    Google Scholar 

  • British Photodermatology Group (1992) Workshop report: diagnostic phototesting in the United Kingdom. Br J Dermatol 127:297–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Brittain DC, Scully BE, McElrath MJ, Steinman R, Labthavikul P, Neu H (1985) The pharmacokinetics and serum and urine bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. J Clin Pharmacol 25:82–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwers JRBJ, Van Der Kam HJ, Sijtsma J, Prost JH (1990a) Important reduction of ciprofloxacin absorption by sucralfate and magnesium citrate solution. Drug Invest 2:197–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwers JRBJ, Van Der Kam HJ, Sijtsma J, Prost JH (1990b) Decreased ciprofloxacin absorption with concomitant administration of ferrous fumarate. Pharm Weekbl[Sci] 12:182–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown NM, White LO, Blundell EL, Chown SR, Slade RR, MacGowan AP, Reeves DS (1993) Absorption of oral ofloxacin after cytotoxic chemotherapy for haematological malignancy. J Antimicrob Ag Chemother 32:117–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell NRC, Kara M, Hasinoff BB, Haddara WM, McKay DW (1992) Norfloxacin interaction with antacids and minerals. Br J Clin Pharmacol 33:115–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campoli-Richards DM, Monk JP, Price A, Benfield P, Todd PA, Ward A (1988) Ciprofloxacin — a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 35:373–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carbarga MM, Navarro AS, Gandarillas CIC, Dominguez-Gil A (1991) Effects of two cations on gastrointestinal absorption of ofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:2102–2105

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbö M, Segura J, De la Torre R, Badenas JM, Cami J (1989) Effects of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 45:234–240

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carbon C, Rubinstein E (eds) (1994) Sparfloxacin monograph. ADIS, Chester

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson JD, Dietz AJ, Hertsgaard DM, Heyd A, Frost RW, Lettieri JT (1988) Ciprofloxacin bioavailability after a standard or high-calcium meal. Pharm Res 5 (Suppl 10):S166

    Google Scholar 

  • Cesana M, Broccali G, Imbimbo BP, Crema A (1991) Effect of single doses of rufloxacin on the disposition of theophylline and caffeine after single administration. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 29:133–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler MHH, Toler SM, Rapp RP, Muder RR, Korrick JA (1990) Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of concurrent ciprofloxacin and rifampin therapy in elderly patients. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 34:442–447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang T, Black A, Dunky A, Wolf R, Sedman A, Latts J, Welling PG (1988) Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral enoxacin in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 21(Suppl B):49–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaslerie A, Bannwarth B, Landreau JM, Yver L, Begaud B (1992) Ruptures tendineuses et fluoroquinolones: un effect indésirable de classe (Lettre). Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 59:297–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier X, Albengres E, Voisin MC, Tillement JP, Larget-Peirt B (1992) A case of destructive polyarthropathy in a 17-year-old youth following pefloxacin treatment. Drug Saf 7:310–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christ W, Lehnert T (1990) Toxicity of quinolones. In: Spiron L, Heifetz CL, Domagala JM (eds) The new generation of quinolones. Dekker, New York, pp 165–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Christ W, Lehnert T, Ulbrich B (1988) Specific toxicologic aspects of the quinolones. Rev Infect is 10(Suppl 1):S141-S146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrome P, Morrison PJ (1991) Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of lomefloxacin in healthy elderly volunteers. Drug Invest 3:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Chysky V, Kapila K, Hullmann R, Arcieri G, Schacht P, Echols R (1991) Safety of ciprofloxacin in children: world-wide clinical experience based on compassionate use. Emphasis on joint evaluation. Infection 19:289–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cleary JD (1992) Ciprofloxacin and pentoxifylline: a clinically significant drug interaction. Pharmacotherapy 12:259–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Cogo R, Rimoldi R, Mattina R, Imbimbo BP (1992) Steady-state pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Ther Drug Monit 14:36–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook JA, Silverman MH, Schelling DJ, Nix DE, Schentag JJ, Brown RR, Stroshane RM (1990) Multiple dose pharmacokinetics and safety of oral amifloxacin in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:974–979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corrado ML, Struble WE, Peter C, Hoagland V, Sabbaj J (1987) Norfloxacin: review of safety studies. Am J Med 82:22–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crome P, Morrison PJ (1991) Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of lomefloxacin in health elderly volunteers. Drug Invest 3:183–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullmann W, Geddes AM, Weidekamm E, Urwyler H, Braunsteiner A (1993) Fleroxacin: a review of its chemistry, microbiology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2:203–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler NR, Sramek JJ, Narang PK (eds) (1994) Pharmacodynamics and drug development: perspectives in clinical pharmacology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Danan G, Montay G, Cunci R, Erlinger S (1985) Pefloxacin kinetics in cirrhosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 38:439–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis R, Bryson HM (1994) Levofloxacin — a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 47:677–700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RL, Quenzer RW, Kelly HW, Powell JR (1992) Effect of the addition of ciprofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in subjects inhibited by cimetidine. Ann Pharmacother 26:11–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deeter RG, Weinstein MP, Swanson KA, Gross JS, Hildebrant A (1989) Comparative pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with rifampin in healthy elderly volunteers (Abstr 201). Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 1989, Houston

    Google Scholar 

  • Deppermann K-M, Lode H (1993) Fluoroquinolones: interaction profile during enteral absorption. Drugs 45(Suppl 3):65–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillard ML, Fink MR (1992) Ciprofloxacin phenytoin interaction. Ann Pharmocother 26:263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs BR, Gazely LR, Campbell AJ, Edwards IR (1987) The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of enoxacin. J Clin Pharmacol 33:101–104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domagala JM (1994) Structure-activity and structure-side effect relationships for the quinolone antibacterials. J Antimicrob Chemother 33:685–706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dörfler A, Schulz, W, Burkhardt F, Zichner M (1987) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients on haemodialysis treatment. Drugs 34(Suppl l):62–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dow J, Frydman AM, Djebbar F, Gaillot J (1988) Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in elderly patients. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):107

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle GD, Donohoe J, Kelly JG, Laher MS (1988) Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in renal impairment. Rev Infect Dis 10 (Suppl 1):111–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Droppert RM, Schölten PC, Zwinkels M, Hoepelman JM, Te Velde ER (1993) Lack of influence of ciprofloxacin on the effectiveness oral contraceptives. Drugs 45(Suppl 3):286–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Drusano GL, Standiford HC, Plaisance K, Forrest A, Leslie J, Caldwell J (1986) Absolute oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:444–446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drusano GL, Weir M, Forrest A, Plaisance K, Emm T, Standiford HC (1987) Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin in patients with various degrees of renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:860–864

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drusano GL, Johnson DE, Rosen M, Lockatell V, Standiford HC (1991) Pharmacodynamics of the flouroquinolone lomefloxacin (Abstr 1926). 17th ICC, June 23–28, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudley MN, Marchbanks CR, Flor SC, Beals B (1991) The effect of food or milk on the absorption kinetics of ofloxacin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 41:569–571

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dugoni-Kramer BM (1991) Ciprofloxacin-warfarin interaction. Ann Pharmacother 25:1397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eandi M, Viano I, DiNola F, Leone L, Genazzani E (1983) Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients with renal and hepatic damage. Eur J Clin Microbiol 2:253–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehninger G, Krüger HU (1989) No severe drug interaction of the 1-quinolone derivative ciprofloxacin with cyclosporin (Abstr 252). J Chemother Infect Dis Malig (Suppl 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elston RA, Taylor J (1988) Possible interaction of ciprofloxacin with cyclosporin A. J Antimicrob Chemother 21:679–680

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enzensberger R, Shah PM, Knothe H (1985) Impact of oral ciprofloxacin on the fecal flora of healthy volunteers. Infection 13:273–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein JH, Wintroub BU (1985) Photosensitivity due to drugs. Drugs 30:42–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkenberg FW, Mondorf AW, Dalhoff A (1987) Untersuchungen über die Nierenverträglichkeit von Ciprofloxacin mit Hilfe monoklonaler Antikörper. FAC 6–10:2265–2280

    Google Scholar 

  • Farinotti R, Trouvin JH, Bocquet V, Vermerie N, Carbon C (1988) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin after single and multiple intravenous infusions in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1590–1592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fassbender M, Lode H, Stuht H, Wischmann L, Borner K, Koeppe P (1993) Influence of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of three quinolones and a macrolide- antibiotic (Abstr 1700). 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Oct 17–20, New Orleans

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson J, Johnson BE (1990) Ciprofloxacin-induced photosensitivity: in vitro and in vivo studies. Br J Dermatol 123:9–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson J, Johnson B (1993) Clinical laboratory studies of the photosensitizing potential of norfloxacin, a 4-quinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic. Br J Dermatol 128:285–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillastre JP, Singlas E (1991) Pharmacokinetics of newer drugs in patients with renal impairment (part 1). Clin Pharmacokinet 20:293–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillastre JP, Leroy A, Humbert G (1987) Ofloxacin pharmacokinetics in renal failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:156–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillastre JP, Leroy A, Borsa-Lebas F, Etienne I, Gy C, Humbert G (1992) Effects of ketoprofen (NSAID) on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin and ofloxacin in healthy volunteers. Drugs Exp Clin Res 18:487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillastre JP, Montay G, Bruno R, Etienne I, Dhib M, Vivier N, LeRoux Y, Guimart C, Gay G, Schott D (1994) Pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin in patients with renal impairment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:733–737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischman AJ, Livni E, Babich J, Alpert NM, Liu YY, Thorn E, Cleeland R, Prosser BL, Correia JA, Strauss HW, Rubin RH (1993) Pharmacokinetics of [18-F]-fleroxacin in healthy human subjects studied by using positron emission tomography. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:2144–2152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming LW, Moreland TA, Stewart WK, Scott AC (1986) Ciprofloxacin and antacids. Lancet 8501:294

    Google Scholar 

  • Flor S, Guay DRP, Opsahl JA, Tack K, Matzke GR (1990) Effects of magnesium- aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on bioavailability of ofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2436–2438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster TS, Blouin R (1991) The effect of antacid timing on lomefloxacin bioavailability. Pharmacotherapy 11:101

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraise AP, Smith SP (1990) Ciprofloxacin in combined renal and hepatic impairment. J Antimicrob Chemother 25:297–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman CD, Nicolau DP, Belliveau PP, Nightingale CH (1993) Lomefloxacin clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 25:6–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost RW, Lettieri JT, Krol G, Shamblen EC, Lasseter KC (1989) The effect of cirrhosis on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 45:608–616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost RW, Lasseter KC, Noe AJ, Shamblen EC, Lettieri JT (1992) Effects of aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:830–832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frydman AM, LeRoux Y, Lefebvre MA, Djebbar F, Fourtillan JB, Gaillot J (1986) Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin after repeated intravenous and oral administration (400 mg bid) in young healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 17(Suppl B):65–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhr U, Wolff T, Harder S, Schymanski P, Staib AH (1990) Quinolone inhibition of cytochrome P450 dependent caffeine metabolism in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dis 18:1005–1010

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhr U, Anders EM, Mahr G, Sörgel F, Staib AH (1992) Inhibitory potency of quinolone antibacterial agents against cytochrome P450IA2 activity in vivo and in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:942–948

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhr U, Strobl G, Manaut F, Anders EM, Sörgel F, Lopez-de-Brinas E, Chu DTW, Pernet AG, Mahr G, Sanz F, Staib AH (1993) Quinolone antibacterial agents: relationship between structure and in vitro inhibition of the human cytochrome P450 isoform CYPIA2. Mol Pharmacol 43:191–199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii R (1992) The use of norfloxacin in children in Japan. Adv Antimicrob Antineoplast Chemother ll(2):219–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner K, Job ML, Strom JG, Jacobs NF, Dsoura J (1990) Effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of steady-state phenytoin serum concentrations. Annual ASHP Midyear Clin Meet 25:PP-426E

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrelts JC, Godley PJ, Peterie JD, Gerlach EH, Yakshe CC (1990) Sucralfate significantly reduces ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:931–933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasser TC, Ebert SC, Graversen PH, Madsen PO (1987a) Pharmacokinetic study of ciprofloxacin in patients with impaired renal function. Am J Med 82 (Suppl 4A):139–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasser TC, Ebert SC, Graversen PH, Madsen PO (1987b) Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:709–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes AM (1993) Safety of fleroxacin in clinical trials. Am J Med 94(Suppl 3A):201- 203

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin SD, Gallis HA, Chow AT, Wong FA, Flor SC, Bartlett JA (1994) Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:799–804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gough AW, Kasali OB, Sigler RE, Baragi V (1992) Quinolone arthropathy — acute toxicity to immature articular cartilage. Toxicol Pathophysiol 20:436–450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graber H, Ludwig E, Arr M, Lanyi P (1988) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in young and elderly patients. Rev infect Dis 10 (Suppl 1):106

    Google Scholar 

  • Graber H, Ludwig E, Magyar T, Csiba A, Szekely E (1989) Ofloxacin does not influence antipyrine metabolism. Rev Infect Dis 11 (Suppl 5): 1094–1095

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasela TH, Schentag JJ, Sedman AJ, Wilton JH, Thomas DJ, Schultz RW, Lebsack ME, Kinkel AW (1989) Inhibition of enoxacin absorption by antacids or ranitidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:615–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregoire SL, Grasela TH, Freer JP, Tack KJ, Schentag JJ (1987) Inhibition of theophylline clearance by coadministered ofloxacin without alteration of theophylline effects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:375–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gros I, Carbon C (1990) Pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in healthy volunteers: comparison of 400 milligrams once daily and 200 milligrams twice daily given orally for 5 days. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:150–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grözinger KH, Beermann D, Elsas S (1989) Biliary kinetics of ciprofloxacin in humans. Rev Infect Dis 11 (Suppl 5):1132–1133

    Google Scholar 

  • Guay DRP, Auni WM, Peterson PK, Obaid S, Breitenbucher R, Matzke GR (1987) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in acutely ill and reconvalescent elderly patients. Am J Med 82(Suppl 4A):124–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gugler R, Allgayer H (1990) Effects of antacids on the clinical pharmacokinetics of drugs — an update. Clin Pharmacokinet 18:210–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ha HR, Chen J, Freiburghaus AU, Follath F (1995) Metabolism of theophylline by cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39:321–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halkin H (1988) Adverse effects of the fluoroquinolones. Rev Infect Dis 10:S258-S261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halliwell RF, Davey PG, Lambert JJ (1993) Antagonism of GABAa receptors by 4- quinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 31:457–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hara J (1985) Phase I study on DE-055 eye drops. Jpn Rev Clin Ophthalmol 79:1712- 1717

    Google Scholar 

  • Harder S, Staib AH, Beer C, Papenburg A, Stille W, Shah PM (1988) 4-Quinolones inhibit biotransformation of caffeine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 35:651–656

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harder S, Fuhr U, Beermann D, Staib AH (1990) Ciprofloxacin absorption in different regions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Investigations with the HF-Capsule. Br J Clin Pharmacol 30:35–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa I, Atarashi S, Yokohama S, Imamura M, Sakano K, Furukawa M (1986) Synthesis and antibacterial activities of optically active ofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 29:163–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healy DP, Small RE (1989) Possible diclofenac-quinolone interaction. Clin Pharm 8:837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanamati L, Rock DT, Mooney ML (1989) Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:474–478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healy DP, Schoenle JR, Stofka J, Polk RE (1991) Lack of interaction between lomefloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:660–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann W, Andressen C, Rohmel J, Aigner B, Rosener B, Kern U (1984) Combined pharmaco-EEG and pharmacopsychological study for the investigation and characterization of possible CNS effects of the broad spectrum chemotherapeutic ciprofloxacin 500 mg and 1000 mg versus nalidixic acid 2000 mg and a placebo. Bayer, Leverkusen (Internal Bayer R-report no. 3121 (P))

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirata CA, Guay RP, Awni WM, Stein DJ, Peterson PK (1989) Steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin in elderly patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1927–1931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho G, Tierney MG, Dales RE (1988) Evaluation of the effect of norfloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 44:35–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Höffken G, Lode H, Prinzing C, Borner K, Koeppe P (1985a) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin after oral and parenteral administration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 27:375–379

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höffken G, Borner K, Glatzel PD, Koeppe P, Lode H (1985b) Reduced enteral absorption of ciprofloxacin in the presence of antacids. Eur J Clin Microbiol 4:345

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höffken G, Lode H, Wiley R, Glatzel TD, Sievers D, Olschewski T, Borner K, Koeppe T (1988) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin: effect of food and antacid intake. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):S138-S139

    Google Scholar 

  • Höffler D, Koeppe P (1987) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in healthy subjects and patients with impaired renal function. Drugs 34(Suppl l):51–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höffler D, Dalhoff A, Au W, Beermann D, Michl A (1984) Dose- and sex-independent disposition of ciprofloxacin. Eur J Clin Microbiol 3:363–366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höffler D, Schäfer I, Koeppe P, Sörgel F (1988) Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in normal and impaired renal function. Drug Res 38:739–743

    Google Scholar 

  • Höffler D, Waetcke K, Koeppe P, Metz R, Sörgel F (1989) Pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in normal and impaired renal function. Acta Theriol 15:321–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm R, Rohwedder R, Rühl C, Wünsche C (1985) Morphology and composition of crystalline concretion in the kidney and urine after ciprofloxacin administration. Bayer, Leverkusen (Internal Bayer PB-report no 13668)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes B, Brogden RN, Richards DM (1985) Norfloxacin — a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 30:482–513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holy LL, Lake KD (1994) Does ciprofloxacin interact with cyclosporine? Ann Pharmacother 28:93–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper TL, Gould FK, Swinburn CR, Featherstone G, Odom NJ, Corris PA, Freeman R, McGregor CGA (1988) Ciprofloxacin: a preferred treatment for legionella infections in patients receiving cyclosporin A. J Antimicrob Chemother 22:952- 953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori S, Shimada J, Saito A, Miyahara T, Kurioka S, Matsuda M (1985) Effect of new quinolones on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding (Abstr 396). Proceedings of the 25th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Minneapolis. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori S, Shimada J, Saito A, Miyahara T, Kurioka S, Matsuda M (1986) Inhibitory effect of quinolones on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding. Structure activity relationship (Abstr 438). Proceedings’ of the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori S, Shimada J, Saito A, Matsuda M, Miyahara T (1989) Comparison of the inhibitory effects of new quinolones on 7-aminobutyric acid receptor binding in the presence of antiinflammatory drugs. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):S1397–1398

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull RL (1993) Possible phenytoin-ciprofloxacin interaction. Ann Pharmacother 27:1283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humbert G, Brumpt I, Montay G, Le Liboux A, Frydman A, Borsa-Lebas F, Moore N (1991) Influence of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 50:682–687

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaehde U, Sörgel F, Naber KG (1989) Gastrointestinal secretion of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in healthy volunteers (Abstr 202). 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Janknegt R (1989) Fluoroquinolones. Pharm Weekbl[Sci] 11:124–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Job LM, Arn SK, Strom JG, Jacobs NF, D’Souza MJ (1994) Effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose phenytoin serum concentrations. Ther Drug Monit 16:427–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson BE, Ferguson J (1990) Drug and chemical photosensitivity. Semin Dermatol 9:39–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson EJ, MacGowan AP, Potter MN, Stockley RJ, White LO, Slade RR, Reeves DS (1990) Reduced absorption of oral ciprofloxacin after chemotherapy for haematological malignancy. J Antimicrob Chemother 25:837–842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KC, Joe RH, Self T (1991) Drug interaction. J Fam Pract 33:338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JH, Cooper MA, Andrews JM, Wise R (1992) Pharmacokinetics and inflammatory fluid penetration of Sparfloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2444- 2446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen C, Anaya JM, Didry C, Canovas F, Serre I, Baldet P, Ribard P, Kahn M-F, Sany J (1991) Arthropathies et tendinopathie achilleene induites par la peflo- xacine. A propos d’une observation. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 58:623–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungers P, Ganeval D, Hannedouche T, Prieur B, Montay G (1987) Steady-state levels of pefloxacin and its metabolites in patients with severe renal impairment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 33:463–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jüngst G, Mohr R (1988) Overview of postmarketing experience with ofloxacin in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 22(Suppl C):167–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jynge P, Skjetne T, Gribbestad I, Kleinbloesem CH, Hoogkamer HFW, Antonsen O, Krane J, Bakoy OE, Furuheim KM, Nilsen OG (1990) In vivo tissue pharmacokinetics by fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a study of liver and muscle disposition of fleroxacin in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 48:481–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakano M, Yamamoto M, Arita T (1978) Interaction of AI, Mg, calcium ions with nalidixic acid. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 26:1505–1510

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamada AK (1990) Possible interaction between ciprofloxacin and warfarin. Pharmacother 24:27–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamali F, Thomas SHL, Edwards C (1993) The influence of steady-state ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of diazepam. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 44:365–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamali F, Herd B, Edwards C, Nicholson E, Wynne H (1994) The influence of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of temazepam in the young and elderly. J Clin Pharm Ther 19:105–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kampf D, Borner K, Pustelnik A (1990) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin and adequacy of maintenance dose for patients on haemodialysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 26(Suppl D):61–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karablut N, Drusano GL (1993) Pharmacokinetics of the quinolone antimicrobial agents. In: Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds) Quinolone antimicrobial Agents, 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 195–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazmierczak A, Pechinot A, Duez JM, Haas O, Favre JP (1987) Biliary tract excretion of ofloxacin in man. Drugs 34(Suppl l):39–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kees F, Naber KG, Meyer GP, Grobecker H (1989) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in elderly patients. Drug Res 39:523–527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JG, Deaney NB, Lavan J, Noel J (1988) Chronic dose urinary and serum pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 26:787- 790

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kisicki JC, Griess RS, Ott CL, Cohen GM, McCormack RJ, Troetel WM, Imbimbo BP (1992) Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of rufloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1296–1301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kivistö KT, Ojala-Karlsson P, Neuvonen PJ (1992) Inhibition of norfloxacin absorption by dairy products. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:489–491

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kljucar S, Heimesaat M, Von Pritzbuer E, Timm J, Scholl H, Beermann D (1989) Efficacy and safety of higher-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin in severe hospital- acquired infections. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):52–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger HU, Schuler U, Proksch B, Göbel M, Ehninger G (1990) Investigation of potential interaction of ciprofloxacin with cyclosporine in bone marrow transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:1048–1052

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubin R (1993) Safety and efficacy of ciprofloxacin in paediatric patients — review. Infection 21:413–421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann J, Zilly W, Wilke J (1981) Effects of cytostatic drugs on plasma level and renal excretion of β-acetyldigoxin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 30:518–527

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann J, Wilke J, Rietbrock N (1982) Cytostatic drugs are without significant effect on digitoxin plasma level and renal excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 32:646- 651

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunka RL, Wong YY, Lyon JL (1988) Effect of antacid on the pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin. Pharm Res 10:S–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamp KC, Bailey EM, Rybak MJ (1992) Ofloxacin clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 22:32–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang J, De Villaine JF, Garraffo R, Touraine JL (1989a) Cyclosporine (cyclosporin A) pharmacokinetics in renal transplant patients receiving ciprofloxacin. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):82–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang J, De Villain JF, Guemei A, Touraine JL, Faucon C (1989b) Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction between pefloxacin and cyclosporin A in patients with renal transplants. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):S1094

    Google Scholar 

  • Lathia C, Bansal S, Batra V, Czernik B, Faulkner R, Greene D, Kinzig M, Kuye O, Pascente V, Sôrgel F, Yacobi A (1991) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of tosufloxacin at three dose levels in normal, healthy volunteers. Pharm Res 8(Suppl):303

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBel M, Bergeron MG (1987) Pharmacokinetics in the elderly, studies on ciprofloxacin. Am J Med 82 (Suppl 4A):108–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBel M, Barbeau G, Bergeron MG, Roy D, Valleé F (1986) Pharmacokinetics of cipofloxacin in elderly subjects. Pharmacotherapy 6:87–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBel M, Vallée F, St.-Laurent M (1990) Influence of lomefloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:1254–1256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebrec D, Gaudin C, Benhamou JP (1992) Pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Med 92(Suppl 4A):41–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebsack ME, Nix DE, Ryerson B, Toothaker RD, Welage L, Norman SA, Schentag JJ, Sedman AJ (1992) Effect of gastric acidity on enoxacin absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther 52:252–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WT, Collins JF (1992) Ciprofloxacin associated bilateral achilles tendon rupture. Austr N Z J Med 22:500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehto P, Kivistoe KT (1995) Effects of milk and food on the absorption of enoxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39:194–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehto P, Kivistô KT, Neuvonen PJ (1994a) Different effects of products containing metal ions on the absorption of lomefloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56:477–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehto P, Kivistô KT, Neuvonen PJ (1994b) The effect of ferrous sulphate on the absorption of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 37:82- 85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leor J, Matetzki S (1988) Oflaxacin and warfarin. Ann Intern Med 109:761

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy A, Fillastre JP, Humbert G (1990) Lomefloxacin pharmacokinetics in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:17–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lettieri JT, Schaefer HG, Heller AH (1992) Pharmacokinetic determination of dose equivalency between intravenous and oral doses of ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 345(Suppl):RllS

    Google Scholar 

  • Linville T, Matanin D (1989) Norfloxacin and warfarin. Ann Intern Med 110:751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lode H, Hôffken G, Olschewski P, Sievers B, Kirch A, Borner K, Koeppe P (1987a) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin after parenteral and oral administration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:1338–1342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lode H, Hampel B, Wachter T, Borner K, Koeppe P (1987b) Single dose pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin in volunteers after fasting, a standard breakfast, and antacids (Abstr 14). 15th International Congress of Chemotherapy, July 19–24, Istanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Lode H, Hôffken G, Borner K, Koeppe P (1989a) Unique aspects of quinolone pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 16(Suppl 1):1–4

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lode H, Stuhlert P, Deppermann KM, Mainz D, Borner K, Kotvas K, Koeppe P (1989b) Pharmacokinetic interactions between oral ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin and ferro-salts (Abstr 213). 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 17–20 Sept Houston. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Logamann C, Ohnhaus EE (1986) Enoxacin, a differential inhibitor of the microsomal liver enzyme system in men (Abstr 481). 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Loi M, Vestal RE (1988) Drug metabolism in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 36:131–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loi CM, Parker BM, Korrapati MR, Cusack BJ, Vestal RE (1993a) Effects of age and gender on inhibition of theophylline metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 53:192

    Google Scholar 

  • Loi CM, Parker BM, Cusack BJ, Vestal RE (1993b) Individual and combined effects of Cimetidine and ciprofloxacin on theophylline metabolism in male nonsmokers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 36:195–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR (1991) Effect of staggered dose of calcium on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:1004–1007

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR (1993) Effect of multiple staggered doses of calcium on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Ann Pharmacother 27:1325–1328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe NJ, Fakouhi TD, Stern RS (1994) Photoreactions with a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial: evening versus morning dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56:587–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubowski TJ, Nightingale CH, Sweeney K, Quintiliani R (1992) Effect of sucralfate on pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2758–2760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucet JC, Tilly H, Lerebours G, Gres JJ, Piguet H (1988) Neurological toxicity related to pefloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 21:811–812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig E (1993) Controversies on pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in elderly patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 3:49–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig E, Szekely E, Csiba A, Graber H (1988) The effect of ciprofloxacin on antipyrine metabolism. J Antimicrob Chemother 22:61–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGowan AP, Greig MA, Clarke EA, White LO, Reeves DS (1988) The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in the aged. J Antimicrob Chemother 22:721–727

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maesen FPV, Teengs JP, Baur C, Davies BI (1984) Quinolones and raised plasma concentrations of theophylline. Lancet 2:530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggiolo F, Puricelli G, Dottorini M, Caprioli S, Bianchi W, Suter F (1991) The effect of ciprofloxacin on oral contraceptive steroid treatments. Drugs Exp Clin Res 17:451–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahr G, Sörgel F, Naber KG, Muth P, Kinzig M, Weigel D (1989) Principles of gastrointestinal secretion of quinolones in man (Abstr 585). Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahr G, Seelmann R, Dammeyer J, Seibel M, Muth P, Gottschalk B, Stephan U, Sörgel F (1990) The effect of pefloxacin and enoxacin on the elimination of caffeine in human volunteers (Abstr 425). 3rd International Symposium on New Quinolones. July 12–14, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchbanks CR, Longest TK, Zinner SH, Dudley MN (1989) Effect of cancer chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury on the oral absorption of ciprofloxacin (Abstr PIII-114). Clin Pharmacol Ther 47:207

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto M, Kajima K, Nagano H, Matsubara S, Yokota T (1992) Photostability and biological activity of fluoroquinolones substituted at the 8-position after UV irradiation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1715–1719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattina R, Bonfiglio G, Cocuzza CE, Gulisano G, Cesana M, Imbimbo BP (1991) Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in healthy volunteers after repeated oral doses. Chemotherapy 37:389–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayersohn MB (1992) Special pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly. In: Evans WE, Schentag JJ, Jusko WJ (eds) Applied pharmacokinetics: principles of thera-peutic drug monitoring. Applied Therapeutics, Vancouver, pp 9.1–9.43

    Google Scholar 

  • McLellan RA, Drobityh RK, McLellan DH, Caott PD, Crocker JFS, Renton KW (1995) Norfloxacin interferes with cyclosporine disposition in pediatric patients undergoing renal transplantation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 58:322–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mignot A, Couet W, Lefebvre MA, Fourtillan JB, Fillastre JP, Humbert G (1988) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients with renal failure. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):109

    Google Scholar 

  • Minami R, Inotsume N, Nakano M, Sudo Y, Higashi A, Matsuda J (1993a) Effect of milk on absorption of norfloxacin in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 33:1238- 1240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minami R, Inotsume N, Nakamura C, Nakano M (1993b) Stereoselective analysis of the disposition of tosufloxacin enantiomers in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 45:489- 491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitscher LA, Sharma PN, Zavod RM (1989) The influence of optical isomerism on the biological properties of quinolone antimicrobial agents. In: Fernandes PB (ed) Quinilones. Prous, Barcelona, pp 73–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Modai J (1988) Safety profile of oral quinolones. 6th Congress of Chemotherapy, May 22–27, Taormina

    Google Scholar 

  • Molinaro M, Villani P, Regazzi MB, Rondanelli R, Doveri G (1992) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in elderly patients and in healthy young subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 43:105–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montay G, Gaillot J (1990) Pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in hepatic failure. J Antimicrob Chemother 26(Suppl B):61–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison PJ, Mant TGK, Norman GT, Robinson J, Kunka RL (1988) Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of lomefloxacin after sequential increasing oral doses. Antmicrob Agents Chemother 32:1503–1507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morse IS (1990) Pharmacokinetics and safety of single oral doses of lomefloxacin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 11:543–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mott FE, Murphy S, Hunt V (1989) Ciprofloxacin and warfarin. Ann Intern Med 111:542–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller BA, Brierton DG, Abel SR, Bowman L (1993) Effect of enteral feeding with Ensure® on the oral bioavailability of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (Abstr 2). Pharmacotherapy 13:674

    Google Scholar 

  • Muralidharan G, Bansal S, Brocklebank D, Greene D, Hibbord M (1992) Effects of tosufloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51:155

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber KG, Bartosik-Wich B (1984) Serum and urine concentrations of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin in elderly urological patients. Fortschr Antimikrob Antineoplast Chemother 3:701–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber KG, Sórgel F, Gutle F, Bartosik-Wich B (1986) In vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical safety and therapeutic efficacy of enoxacin in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infection. Infection 14(Suppl 3):203–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber KG, Sórgel F, Kees F, Jaehde U, Schumacher H (1989) Brief report: pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in young (healthy volunteers) and elderly patients. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):57–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima M, Uematsu T, Kanamaru M, Okazaki O, Hakusui H (1992) Phase I study of levofloxacin, (S)-(-)-ofloxacin. Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther 23:515–520

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasir M, Rotellar C, Hand M, Kulczcki, Alijani MR, Winchester JF (1991) Interaction between cyclosporin and ciprofloxacin. Nephron 57:245–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro AS, Lanao JM, Recio MMS, Hurlé ADG, Romo JMT, Sanchez JCG, Delgado MMT (1990) Effect of renal impairment on distribution of ofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:455–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Neringer R, Forsgren A, Hansson C, Ode B, South Swedish Lolex Study Group (1992) Lomefloxacin versus norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections: three-day versus seven-day treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 24:773- 780

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuvonen PJ, Kivistoe KT (1992) Milk and yoghurt do not impair the absorption of ofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 33:346–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuvonen PJ, Kivistoe KT, Lehto P (1991) Interference of diary products with the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 50:498–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nightingale CH (1993) Overview of the pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin. Am J Med 94(Suppl 3A):38–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Niki Y, Soejima R, Kawane H, Sumi M, Umeki S (1987) New synthetic quinolone antibacterial agents and serum concentration of theophylline. Chest 92:663–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niki Y, Sumi M, Hiño J, Kawane H, Soejima R (1988) Effects of new quinolones on serum concentrations of theophylline in healthy volunteers. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):S140

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsen OG, Saltvedt E, Walstad RA, Marstein S (1992) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Am J Med 92(Suppl 4A): 38–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE (1993) Drug-drug interactions with fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. In: Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds) Quinolone antimicrobial agents, 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Schentag JJ (1989) Lomefloxacin absorption kinetics when administered with ranitidine and sucralfate (Abstr 1276). 29th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 1989, Houston

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, DeVito JM, Whitbread MA, Schentag JJ (1987) Effect of multiple dose oral ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and indocyanine green. J Antimicrob Chemother 19:263–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Schultz RW, Frost RW, Sedman AJ, Thomas DJ, Kinkel AW, Schentag JJ (1988) The effect of renal impairment and haemodialysis on single dose pharmacokinetics of oral enoxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 21(Suppl B):87–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Wilton JH, Schentag JJ, Parpia SH, Norman A, Goldstein HR (1989a) Inhibition of norfloxacin absorption by antacids and sucralfate. Rev Infect Dis 2(Suppl 5):S1096

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Watson WA, Lener ME, Frost RW, Krol G, Goldstein H, Lettieri J, Schentag JJ (1989b) Interaction of ciprofloxacin with aluminium and magnesium antacids, ranitidine, and sucralfate. In: Symposium papers: ciprofloxacin, major advances in intravenous and oral quinolone therapy. Am J Med 87:5A

    Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Watson WA, Lener ME, Frost RW, Krol G, Goldstein H, Lettieri J, Schentag JJ (1989c) Effects of aluminium and magnesium antacids and ranitidine on the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46:700–705

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Watson WW, Handy L, Frost RW, Rescott DL, Goldstein HR (1989d) The effect of sucralfate pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. Pharmacotherapy 9:377–380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Norman A, Schentag J J (1989e) Effect of lomefloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1006–1008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix DE, Wilton JH, Ronald B, Distlerath L, Williams VC, Norman A (1990) Inhibition of norfloxacin absorption by antacids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:432–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norrby SR (1991) Side effects of quinolones: comparisons between quinolones and other antibiotics. Eur J Microbiol Infect Dis 10:378–383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell K, Sekora D, Kane P, Harning R (1994) A crossover study of the effect of ciprofloxacin HC1, phenytoin sodium and rifampin on doxofylline pharmacokinetics. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72(Suppl 1):496

    Google Scholar 

  • Okzaki O, Kurata T, Tachizawa H (1988) Studies on the mechanism of PK interaction of aluminium hydroxide, an antacid, with new quinolones in rats. Xenobiol Metab Dispos 3:387–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Onishi H, Tanimura H, Ichimiya G, Aoki Y, Ishimoto K, Oka S, Kobayashi Y, Yamaue H, Uchiyama K, Ochiai M, Uenishi M (1993) Excretion of levofloxacin into bile and gallbladder tissue. Drugs 45 (Suppl 3):260–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Paintaud G, Alvan G, Hellgren U, Nilsson-Ehle I (1993) Lack of effect of amoxycillin on the absorption of ofloxacin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 44:207–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent M, St-Laurent M, LeBel M (1990) Safety of fleroxacin coadministered with theophylline to young and elderly volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:1249–1253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker AC, Preston T, Heaf D, Kitteringham NR, Choonara I (1994) Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by ciprofloxacin in children with cystic fibrosis as measured by caffeine breath test. Br J Clin Pharmacol 38:573–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton JH, Reeves DS (1991) Clinical features and management of adverse effects on quinolone antibacterials. Drug Saf 6:8–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton JH, Reeves DS (1992) Adverse reactions to the fluoroquinolones. Adverse Drug React Bull 153:575–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltola H, Vaarala M, Renkonen O-V, Neuvonen PJ (1992) Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral ciprofloxacin in infants and small children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1086–1090

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrot S, Kaplan G, Ziza JM (1992) 3 cas de tendinite achilleenne sous pefloxacine dont deux avec rupture (Lettre). Rev Rhum Mai Osteoartic 59:162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry G, Mant TGK, Morrison PJ, Sacks S, Woodcock J, Wise R, Imbimbo BP (1993) Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in patients with impaired renal function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:637–641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plaisance K, Drusano G, Forrest A, Weir M, Standiford H (1987) The effect of renal function on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41:195

    Google Scholar 

  • Polk R (1993) (Abstr 596). In: Program and abstracts of the 32nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 1992, Anaheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Polk RE (1994) Drug interactions with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and patient education. Int Dis Clin Pract 3 Suppl 3:S185-S194

    Google Scholar 

  • Polk RE, Healy DP, Sahai J, Drwal L, Rächt E (1989) Effect of ferrous sulfate and multivitamins with zinc on absorption of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1841–1844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polk RE, Israel D, Sintek C, Klein C, Swaim WA, Pluhar R, Lettieri J, Heller A (1994) Effect of ciprofloxacin on response to warfarin in anticoagulated adults (Abstr A3). 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Portmann R (1992) Influence of Cimetidine on fleroxacin pharmacokinetics (Abstr 134). 4th International Symposium on New Quinolones, Aug 27–29, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Preheim LC, Cuevas TA, Roccaforte JS, Mellencamp MA, Bittner MJ (1986) Ciprofloxacin and antacids. Lancet 8497:48

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince RA, Casabar E, Adair C, Wexler DB, Lettieri J, Kasik JE (1989) Effects of quinolone antimicrobials on theophylline pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 29:650–654

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prince RA, Lion W, Kasik JE (1990) Effect of Cimetidine on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics. Pharmacotherapy 10:233

    Google Scholar 

  • Privitera G, Nicastro G, Imbimbo BP, Cesana M, Visconti M, Lombardi F, Tagliabue G, Faleschini E, Colturani F, Franzini P, Nervetti G (1993) Biliary excretion of rufloxacin in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:2545–2549

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambout L, Sahai J, Gallicano K, Garber G (1993) Effect of bismuth subsalicylate on ciprofloxacin absorption in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy 13:647

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay CA, Obreshkova E (1974) Photosensitivity from nalidixic acid. Br J Dermatol 91:523–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raoff S, Wollschlager C, Khan FA (1987) Ciprofloxacin increases serum levels of theophylline. Am J Med 82(Suppl 4A):115–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimers D, Jezek A (1971) The simultaneous use of rifampicin and other antitubercular agents with oral contraceptives. Prax Pneumol 25:225

    Google Scholar 

  • Renzi R, Finkbeiner S (1991) Ciprofloxacin interaction with sodium warfarin: a potentially dangerous side effect. Am J Emerg Med 9:551–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribard P, Kahn MF (1991) Rheumatological side-effects of quinolones. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 5:175–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribard P, Audisio F, Kahn M-F, De Bandt M, Jorgensen C, Hayem G, Meyer O, Palazzo E (1992) Seven achilles tendinitis including 3 complicated by rupture during fluoroquinolone therapy. J Rheumatol 19:1479–1481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richer M, LeBel M (1993) Pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in selected populations. In: Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds) Quinolone antimicrobial agents, 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 225–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietbrock N, Staib AH (1987) Gyrase-Hemmer: unerwünschte zentralnervöse Wirkungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 112:201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rimoldi R, Fioretti M, Albrici A, Imbimbo BP (1992) Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin once daily in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Infection 20:89- 93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rindone JP, Keney CL, Jones WN, Garewal HS (1991) Hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin not influenced by ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharm 10:13–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritz M, Lode H, Faßbender M, Borner K, Koeppe P, Nord CE (1994) Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin and its influence on fecal flora. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:455–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson DG, Epling GA, Kiely JS, Bailey DL, Song B (1991) Mechanistic studies on the phototoxic potential of PD 117596, a quinolone antibacterial compound. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 111:221–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JA, Venezio FR, Costanzo-Nordin MR, Pifarre R, O’Keefe PJ (1990) Patients receiving quinolones and cyclosporine after heart transplantation. J Heart Transplant 9:30–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson RA (1992) Quinolone pharmacokinetics. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2:3–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson RA, Begg EJ, Atkinson HC, Saunders DA, Frampton M (1990a) Comparative effects of ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin on the oxidative metabolism of theophylline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 29:491–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson RA, Begg EJ, Saunders DA (1990b) The pharmacokinetics and effects on renal function of lomefloxacin at steady-state in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol (Suppl 17):66

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson RA, Bailey RR, Lynn KL (1993) Lomefloxacin pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration in patients with acute pyelonephritis. Drugs 45(Suppl 3):269

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocci ML, Vlasses PH, Distlerath LM, Gregg MH, Wheeler SC, Zing W, Bjornsso TD (1990) Norfloxacin does not alter warfarin’s disposition or anticoagulant effect. J Clin Pharmacol 30:728–732

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohwedder RW, Bergan T, Thorsteinsson SB, Scholl H (1990) Transintestinal elimination of ciprofloxacin. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 13:127–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rollof J, Vinge E (1993) Neurologic adverse effects during concomitant treatment with ciprofloxacin, NSAIDs, and chloroquine: possible interaction. Ann Pharmacother 27:1058–1059

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen C (1989) Photo-induced drug eruptions. Semin Dermatol 8:149–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein E, Carbon C (1994) Sparfloxacin monograph. ADIS, Chester, pp 35- 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio TT, Miles MV, Church DA, Echols RM, Pickering LK (1994) Pharmacokinetic studies of ciprofloxacin in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 35:A195

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahai J, Healy DP, Stotka J, Polk RE (1993a) The influence of chronic administration of calcium carbonate on the bioavailability of oral ciprofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 35:302–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahai J, Gallicano K, Oliveras L, Khaliq S, Hawley-Foss N, Garber G (1993b) Cations in the didanosine tablet reduce ciprofloxacin bioavailability. Clin Pharmacol Ther 53:292–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahai J (1995) Avoiding the ciprofloxacin-didanosine interaction. Ann Intern Med 123:394–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito A, Harak K, Yamaguchi K, Kohno S, Furuhama K (1987) On side effects of antimicrobials — adverse drug reaction of ofloxacin and other new quinolones. 15th International Congress of Chemotherapy, July 19–24, Istanbul, pp 1723–1735

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito A, Oguchi K, Harada Y, Shinoda I, Komeda H, Okano M (1992) Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in patients with impaired renal function (in Japanese). Chemotherapy (Tokyo) 40(Suppl 3):188–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Sano M, Kawakatsu K, Ohkita C, Yamamoto I, Takeyama M, Yamashina H, Goto H (1988) Effects of enoxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin on theophylline disposition in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 35:161–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar M, Polk RE, Guzelian PS, Hunt C, Karnes HT (1990) In vitro effect of fluoroquinolones on theophylline metabolism in human liver microsomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:594–599

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada M, Nakamura S, Yamada A, Kobayashi T, Okada S (1991) Phase IV study and post-marketing surveillance of ofloxacin in Japan. Chemotherapy 37:134–142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB (1992) The role of the new quinolones in pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J 11:1043–1046

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB, Wedgwood J (1992) Lack of quinolone-induced arthropathy in children. J Antimicrob Chemother 30:414–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB, Stoupis C, Wedgwood J, Tschaeppeler H, Vock P (1991) Clinical, radiologic and magnetic resonance monitoring for skeletal toxicity in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis receiving a three-month course of ciprofloxacin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 10:723–729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB, Sander E, Wedgwood J, Schaffner T (1992) Morphological studies for skeletal toxicity after prolonged ciprofloxacin therapy in two juvenile cystic fibrosis patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 11:1047–1049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB, Salam MA, Aujard Y, Dagan R, Green SDR, Peltola H, Rubio T, Smith AL, Adam D (1995) Use of fluoroquinolones in pediatrics: consensus report of an International Society of Chemotherapy Commission. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14:1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaad UB, Wedgwood J, Ruedeberg A, Kraemer R, Hampel B (1996) Ciprofloxacin as anti-pseudomonal treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis, (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacht P, Arcieri G, Branolte J, Bruck H, Chysky V, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Hullmann R, Kanopka CA, O’Brien B, Rham V, Ryoki T, Westwood A, Weuta H (1988) World-wide clinical data on efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin. Infection 16 (Suppl l):29–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacht P, Arcieri G, Hullmann R (1989) Safety of oral ciprofloxacin. An update based on clinical trial results. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):98–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer HG, Ahr G, Kuhlmann J (1995) Overview: pharmacokinetic development of quinolone antibiotics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 33:266–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer HG, Stass H, Wedgwood J, Hampel B, Fischer C, Kuhlmann J, Schaad UB (1996) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:29–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schentag JJ, Goss F (1992) Quinolone pharmacokinetics in the elderly. Am J Med 92(Suppl 4A):33–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Schentag JJ, Nix DE, Forrest A (1993) Pharmacodynamics of the fluoroquinolones. In: Hooper DC, Wolfson JS (eds) Quinolone antimicrobial agents, 2nd edn. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 259–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrenzel J, Cerruti F, Herrmann M, Leemann T, Weidekamm E, Portmann R, Hirschel B, Lew DP (1994) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of oral fleroxacin in bacteremic patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:1219–1224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder D, Frye J, Alldredge B, Messing R, Flaherty J (1991) Effect of ciprofloxacin on serum phenytoin concentrations in epileptic patients (Abstr 75). Pharmacotherapy 11:275

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz J, Jauregui L, Lettieri J, Bachmann K (1988) Impact of ciprofloxacin on theophylline clearance and steady-state concentrations in serum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:75–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segre G, Cerretani D, Moltoni L, Urso R (1992) Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 42:101–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semel JD, Allen N (1989) Combination effects of ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and metronidazole intravenously in volunteers. South Med J 84:465–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Sesnie JC, Heifetz CL, Joannides ET, Malta TE, Shapiro MA (1990) Comparative phototoxicity of quinolones in a mouse phototolerance model (Abstr 399). 30th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Atlanta. American Society for Microbiology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah A, Lettieri J, Heller AH (1995) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole when given concurrently. In: Selected papers of the 19th International Congress of Chemotherapy, July 1995, Montreal, Canada. Reed Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalit I, Greenwood RB, Marks MI, Pederson JA, Frederick DL (1986) Pharmacokinetics of single dose oral ciprofloxacin in patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:152–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiba K, Saito A, Shimada J (1989) Interactions of fleroxacin with dried aluminium hydroxide gel and probenecid. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):S137-S138

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiba K, Sakai O, Shimada J, Okazaki O, Aoki H, Hakusui H (1992) Effects of antacids, ferrous sulfate, and ranitidine on absorption of DR-3355 in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:2270–2274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiba K, Okazaki O, Aoki H, Shimada J, Sakai O (1993) Influence of antacids and ranitidine on the absorption of levofloxacin in men. Drugs 45(Suppl 3):299–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimada J, Hori S (1992) Adverse effects of quinolones. Prog Drug Res 38:133–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada J, Yamagii T, Ueda Y, Uchida H, Kusajima H, Irikura T (1983) Mechanism of renal excretion of AM-715, a new quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative, in rabbits, dogs and humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 23:1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada J, Shiba K, Oguma T, Miwa H, Yoshimura Y, Nishikawa T, Okabayashi Y, Kitagawa T, Yamamoto S (1992) Effect of antacid on absorption of the quinolone lomefloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1219–1224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada J, Nogita T, Ishibashi Y (1993) Clinical pharmacokinetics of Sparfloxacin. Clin Pharmacokinet 25:358–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silvain C, Bouquet S, Breux JP, Becq-Giraudon B, Beauchant M (1989) Oral pharmacokinetics and ascitic fluid penetration of ofloxacin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 37:261- 265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon C, Stille W, Wilkinson (1993) Antibiotic therapy. Schattauer Stuttgart, pp 231- 252

    Google Scholar 

  • Singlas E, Taburet AM, Landru I, Albin H, Ryckelinck JP (1987) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin tablets in renal failure: influence of haemodialysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 31:589–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singlas E, Leroy A, Sultan E et al (1990) Disposition of fleroxacin, a new trifluoroquinolone, and its metabolites. Pharmacokinetics in renal failure and influence of haemodialysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 19:67–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soejima R, Niki Y, Sumi M (1989) Effect of fleroxacin on serum concentrations of theophylline. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):P1099

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Kinzig M (1993a) Pharmacokinetics of gyrase inhibitors. I. Basic chemistry and gastrointestinal disposition. Am J Med 94(Suppl 3A):44–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Kinzig M (1993b) Pharmacokinetics of gyrase inhibitors, II. Renal and hepatic elimination pathways and drug interactions. Am J Med 94(Suppl 3A):56- 69

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Muth P, Mahr G, Manoharan M (1987) Pharmacokinetics and analytics of gyrase inhibitors (in German). Fortschr Antimikrob Antineoplast Chemother 6- 10:1963–1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Mahr G, Koch HV, Stephan U, Wiesemann HG, Malter U (1988a) Effects of Cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in healthy volunteers. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):S137

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Mahr G, Stephan U, Koch HU, Wiesemann HG (1988b) Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in healthy volunteers. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):93

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Koch HU, Malter U, Metz R, Mahr G, Stephan U (1988c) Metabolism of pefloxacin in humans. Rev Infect Dis 10 (Suppl l):95–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Hentschel D, Weikl A, Seelmann R, Ladebeck R, Muth P (1988d) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), a new non-invasive technique in the assessment of pharmacokinetic processes in the human body. Book of Abstracts, 2nd International Symposium on New Quinolones, Geneva, 25–27 August 1988, p 177

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Naber KG, Jaehde U, Reiter A, Seelmann R, Sigl G (1989a) Brief report: gastrointestinal secretion of ciprofloxacin. Evaluation of the charcoal model for investigations in healthy volunteers. Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):62–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Naber KG, Metz R, Morgenroth (1989b) Enoxacin — pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration in comparison (in German). Infection 17(Suppl 1):14–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Naber KG, Mahr G, Gottschalk B, Stephan U, Seelmann R, Metz R, Muth P, Jaehde U, Zürcher J (1991a) Gender related distribution of quinolones. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (Special Issue):189–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörgel F, Naber KG, Kinzig M, Mahr G, Muth P (1991b) Comparative pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin in humans: a review. Am J Med 91 (Suppl 6A):51–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahlmann R, Lode H (1988) Safety overview: toxicity, adverse effects and drug interactions. In: Andriole VT (ed) The quinolones. Academic, London, pp 201- 233

    Google Scholar 

  • Staib AH, Stille W, Dietlein G, Shah PM, Harder S, Mieke S, Beer C (1987) Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. Drugs 34(Suppl 1);170–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staib AH, Harder S, Fuhr U, Wack C (1989a) Interaction of quinolones with the theophylline metabolism in man: investigations with lomefloxacin and pipemidic acid. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 27:289–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staib AH, Beermann D, Harder S, Fuhr U, Liermann D (1989b) Absorption differences of ciprofloxacin along the human gastrointestinal tract determined using a remote-control drug delivery device (HF-capsule). Am J Med 87(Suppl 5A):66- 69

    Google Scholar 

  • Stass H, Kuhlmann J, Peltola H, Rahm V (1996) Single dose and steady state pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in pediatric patients following administration of a new oral suspension. Arch Pharmacol 353(Suppl):R153

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone JW, Andrews JM, Ashby JP, Griggs D, Wise R (1988) Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of orally administered lomefloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1508–1510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stroshane RM, Silverman MH, Sauerschell R, Brown RR, Boddy AW, Cook JA (1990) Preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics of oral amifloxacin in elderly subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:751–754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuck AE, Frey F, Heizmann P, Brandt R, Weidekamm E (1989) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous and oral fleroxacin in subjects with normal and impaired renal function and in patients on CAPD. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:373–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuck AE, Kim DK, Frey FJ (1992) Fleroxacin clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 22:116–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson BN, Boppana VK, Vlasses PH, Rotmensch HH, Ferguson RK (1983) Norfloxacin disposition after sequentially increasing oral doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 23:284–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taburet AM, Devillers A, Thomare P, Fillastre JP, Veyssier P, Singlas E (1990) Disposition of fleroxacin and its metabolites. Pharmacokinetics in elderly patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 19:80–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tai M, Sugimoto Y, Katayama Y, Maeda T (1988) Phase I study of T-3262 metabolites in serum, urine and feces. Chemotherapy 36:208–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takagi K, Yamaki K, Nadai M, Kuzuya T, Hasegawa T (1991) Effect of a new quinolone, Sparfloxacin, on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in asthmatic patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:1137–1141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan KKC, Trull AK, Shawket S (1989) Co-administration of ciprofloxacin and cyclosporine: lack of evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 28:185–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tartaglione TA, Raffalovich AC, Poynor WJ, Espinel-Ingroff A, Kerkering TM (1986) Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ciprofloxacin after sequential increasing oral doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29:62–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Medical Letter (1995) Drugs that cause photosensitivity. Med Lett Drugs Ther 37:35–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson SB, Bergan T, Oddsdottier S, Rohwedder R, Holm R (1986) Crystalluria and ciprofloxacin, influence of urinary pH and hydration. Chemotherapy 32:408- 417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson SB, Bergan T, Johannesson G, Thorsteinsson HS, Rohwedder R (1987a) Tolerance of ciprofloxacin at injection site, systemic safety and effect on electroencephalogram. Chemotherapy 33:448–451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson SB, Rohwedder R, Bergan T (1987b) Urinary crystal formation upon administration of ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ofloxacin (Apstr). 15th International Congress of Chemotherapy, July 19–24, Istanbul, pp 1748–1749

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsteinsson SB, Rahm V, Bergan T (1989) Tolerance of intravenous ciprofloxacin. Scand J Infect Dis 60:116–119

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toon S, Hopkins KJ, Garstang FM, Aarons L, Sedman A, Rowland M (1987) Enoxacin-warfarin interaction: pharmacokinetic and stereochemical aspects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42:33–41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toothaker RD (1989) Enoxacin absorption and elimination characteristics. Clin Pharmacokinet 16(Suppl l):52–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torre D, Sampietro C, Rossi S, Bianchi W, Maggiolo F (1989) Ciprofloxacin and activated charcoal: pharmacokinetic data. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):1015- 1016

    Google Scholar 

  • Triger DR, Granai F, Woodcock J, Wise R, Imbimbo BP (1993) Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 18:847–852

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji A, Sato H, Kume Y, Tamai I, Okezaki E, Nagata O, Kato H (1988a) Inhibitory effects of quinolone antibacterial agents on gamma-aminobutyric acid binding to receptor sites in rat brain membranes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:190- 194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji A, Sato H, Okezaki E, Nagata O, Kato H (1988b) Effect of the anti-inflammatory agent febufen on the quinolone-induced inhibition of y-aminobutyric acid receptor binding to rat brain membrane in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 34:4408–4411

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuncel T, Bergisadi N (1992) In vitro absorption of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on various antacids. Pharmazie 47:304–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Buren DH, Koestner J, Adedoyin A, McLune T, MacDonell R, Johnson HK, Carroll J, Nylander W, Richie RE (1990) Effect of ciprofloxacin on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Transplantation 50:888–889

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Auwera P, Stolear JC, Dudley MN (1990) Pharmacokinetics of enoxacin and its oxometabolites following intravenous administration to patients with different degrees of renal impairment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:1491–1497

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Slooten AD, Nix DE, Wilton JH, Love JH, Spivey JM, Goldstein HR (1991) Combined use of ciprofloxacin and sucralfate. Ann Pharmacother 25:578–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Verho M, Malerczyk V, Dagrosa E, Korn A (1985) Dose linearity and other pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin: a new broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Pharmaco- therapeutica 4:376–382

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verho M, Dragosa EE, Malerczyk V (1986) The clinical pharmacology of ofloxacin: a new chemotherapeutic agent belonging to the group of gyrase inhibitors. Infection 14(Suppl 1):47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Veyssier P, Fourtillan JB, Modai J (1986) Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in elderly subjects (65–85 years) with normal renal function after 200mg single oral dose. Pathol Biol 34:596–599

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagai N, Tawara K (1992) Possible direct role of reactive oxygens in the cause of cutaneous photoxicity induced by five quinolones in mice. Arch Toxicol 66:392- 397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waite NM, Rybak MJ, Krakovsky DJ, Steinberg JD, Warbasse LH, Edwards DJ (1991) Influence of subject age on the inhibition of oxidative metabolism by ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:130–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb DB, Roberts DE, Williams JD, Asscher AW (1986) Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients with impaired kidney function. J Antimicrob Chemother 18(Suppl D):83–87

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber B, Wünsche C, Menold R, Luttge B (1985) Analysis of urinary sediments in rats and humans after application of BAY o 9867 (ciprofloxacin). Bayer, Leverkusen (Internal Bayer PB-report no 13450 (P))

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidekamm E (1993) Pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin in renal impairment. Am J Med 94(Suppl 3A):70–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidekamm E, Portmenn R (1989) Variation of pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous and oral administration of fleroxacin. Rev Infect Dis ll(Suppl 5):1023

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidekamm E, Portmann R, Suter K, Partos C, Dell D, Lücker PW (1987) Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin, a trifluorinated quinolone, in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:1909–1914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidekamm E, Stockei K, Dell D (1988) Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the new fluoroquinolone Ro 23–6240 (AM 833) in humans. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl 1):94- 95

    Google Scholar 

  • White LO, MacGowan AP, Lovering AM, Reeves DS, Mackay IG (1987) A preliminary report on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin, desmethyl ofloxacin, and ofloxacin N-oxide in patients with chronic renal failure. Drugs 34(Suppl 1):56- 61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White LO, MacGowan AP, Mackay IG, Reeves DS (1988) The pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin, desmethyl ofloxacin, and ofloxacin N-oxide in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal failure. J Antimicrob Chemother 22(Suppl C):65–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, van Herwaarden CLA, Vree TB (1984) Enoxacin raises plasma theophylline concentrations (Letter). Lancet 2:108–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJ, Vree TB, van Herwaarden CLA (1985) Enoxacin decreases the clearance of theophylline in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 20:583–588

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Vree TB, van Herwaarden CLA (1986) The influence of quinolone derivatives on theophylline clearance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22:677–683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Vree TB, Baars AM, van Herwaarden CLA (1987) The influence of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin on the elimination of theophylline. Pharm Weekbl [Sci] 9(Suppl):S72-S75

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Janssen TJ, Guelen PJM, Vree TB, DeWitte TMC (1988a) The influence of ofloxacin and enoxacin on the metabolic pathways of theophylline in healthy volunteers. Pharm Weekbl[Sci] 10:272–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Vree TB, Baars AM, van Herwaarden CLA (1988b) Pharmacokinetics of enoxacin and its penetration into bronchial secretions and lung tissue. J Antimicrob Chemother 21(Suppl B):67–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Cornel JH, Martea M, Vree TB (1989) Lack of multiple-dose oral lomefloxacin on theophylline metabolism. In: Rubinstein E, Adam D (eds) Recent Advances in chemotherapy. Proceedings of the 16th ICC, Jerusalem 1989. Lewin- Epstein, Jernsalem

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijnands WJA, Trooster JFG, Teunissen PC, Cats HA, Vree TB (1990) Ciprofloxacin does not impair the elimination of diazepam in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 18:954–957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilton LV, Pearce GL, Mann RD (1996) A comparison of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, azithromycin and Cefixime examine by observational cohort studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 41:277–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wingender W, Graefe KH, Gau W, Förster D, Beermann D, Schacht P (1984) Pharma-cokinetics of ciprofloxacin after oral and intravenous administration in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Microbiol 3:355–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wingender W, Beermann D, Förster D, Graefe KH, Schacht P, Scharbrodt V (1985) Mechanism of renal excretion of ciprofloxacin (BAY o 9867), a new quinolone carboxylic acid derivative, in humans. Chemioterapie 4-l(Suppl):403

    Google Scholar 

  • Wingender W, Beermann D, Foerster D, Graefe KH, Kuhlmann J (1986) Interactions of ciprofloxacin with food intake and drugs. Neu HC et al (eds) Proceedings of the First International Ciprofloxacin Workshop, Leverkusen 1985. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 136–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Wingender W, Beermann D, Förster D, Horstmann R (1988) Steady-state pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers after intravenous infusion. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl l):93–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Winn MJ, Kitteringham NR, Coleman MD, Newby S, Park BK (1989) The effects of lomefloxacin on cytochrome P-450 mediated drug metabolism in human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 28(2):2389

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise R, Lister D, McNultry CAM, Griggs D, Andrews JM (1986) The comparative pharmacokinetics of five quinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 18(Suppl D):71- 81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise R, Kirkpatrick B, Ashby J, Griggs D (1987) The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of RO 23–6240, a new trifluoroquinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31:161–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise R, Griggs D, Andrews JM (1988) Pharmacokinetics of the quinolones in volunteers: a proposed dosing schedule. Rev Infect Dis 10(Suppl l):83–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise R, Johnson J, O’Sullivan N, Andrews JM, Imbimbo BP (1991) Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of rufloxacin, a long acting quinolone antimicrobial agent. J Antimicrob Chemother 28:905–909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf R, Eberl R, Dunky A, Martz N, Chang T, Goulet JR, Latts J (1984) The clinical pharmacokinetics and tolerance of enoxacin in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 14(Suppl C):63–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson JS (1989) Quinolone antimicrobial agents: adverse effects and bacterial resistance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8:1080–1092

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson JS, Hooper DC (1989) Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 2:378–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson JS, Hooper DC (1991) Pharmacokinetics of quinolones: newer aspects. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 10:267–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynckel A, Toupance O, Melin JP, David C, Lavaud S, Wong T, Lamiable D, Chanard J (1991) Traitement des légionelloses par ofloxacine chez transplanté rénal- absence d’interférence avec la ciclosporine A. Press Med 20:291–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yakushiji T, Shirasaki T, Akaike N (1992) Non-competitive inhibition of GABAA- responses by a new class of quinolones and non-steroidal antiinflammatories in dissociated frog sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 105:13–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yernault JC, Russel D (1992) Lomefloxacin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: results of multinational studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2:39–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuk JH, Nightingale CH, Sweeney KR, Quintiliani R, Lettieri JT, Frost RW (1989) Relative bioavailability in healthy volunteers of ciprofloxacin administered through a nasogastric tube with and without enteral feeding. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1118–1120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuk JH, Nightingale CH, Quintilliani R, Yeston NS, Orlando R, Dobkin ED, Kambe JC, Sweeney KR, Buonpane EA (1990) Absorption of ciprofloxacin administered through a nasogastric or a nasoduodenal tube in patients receiving enteral nutrition. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 13:99–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiler HJ, Beermann D, Wingender W, Fôrster D, Schacht P (1988) Bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin in serum and urine after oral administration to healthy volunteers. Infection 16(Suppl 1):19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinner SH (1989) Enoxacin — pharmacokinetics and clinical experience. In: Fernandes PB (ed) Quinolones. JR Prous Science, pp 383–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Zupancic T, Marolt-Gomiscek M, Veber M, Komarek J, Durst R, Novak D, Gomiscek S (1991) Some aspects of the interaction of four-quinolones with copper (II) ions. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (Special Issue):665–664

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kuhlmann, J., Schaefer, HG., Beermann, D. (1998). Clinical Pharmacology. In: Kuhlmann, J., Dalhoff, A., Zeiler, HJ. (eds) Quinolone Antibacterials. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80364-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80364-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80366-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80364-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics