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The South Atlantic pp 621–644Cite as

Clay Mineral Fluctuations in Late Quaternary Sediments of the Southeastern South Atlantic: Implications for Past Changes of Deep Water Advection

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Abstract

Downcore clay mineral fluctuations in Late Quaternary sediment cores from the southeastern South Atlantic and adjoining Southern Ocean are of low amplitude. North of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current/Weddell Gyre boundary, small-scale variations, particularly of clay mineral ratios, essentially monitor cyclic changes of deep water advection in response to climatic oscillations.

Kaolinite and chlorite are of most reliable palaeoceanographic significance. Chlorite originates from southern high-latitudes (Antarctic Peninsula, Patagonia) and is transported and distributed by northward advection of southern-source deep water. Northern-source deep water carries pedogenic kaolinite from the tropical regions to the Southern Ocean. The opposite advection of kaolinite and chlorite by both deep water masses is displayed by a latitudinal zonation of kaolinite/ chlorite ratios with higher values to the north. Downcore kaolinite/chlorite variations exhibit raised ratios during warm climatic stages compared to glacial periods. Cross spectral analyses reveal that kaolinite/chlorite ratios are coherent and in phase with global ice volume in the 41-kyr and 100-kyr periods of obliquity and eccentricity.

By relating kaolinite/chlorite ratios in modern deep-sea sediments to the present-day deep water distribution, a model of past deep water advection may be inferred from downcore variations of kaolinite/chlorite ratios. Thus, northern-source water reaches not farther south than 40°S during glacial maxima. During interglacial optima northern-source deep water is injected into the Southern Ocean to latitudes around 55°S.

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  1. R. Petsehick

    Present address: Geologisch-Palaeontologisches Institut, Universität Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 32-34, 60054, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

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  1. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 12 01 61, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany

    B. Diekmann, R. Petsehick, F. X. Gingele, D. K. Fütterer, A. Abelmann, U. Brathauer, R. Gersonde & A. Mackensen

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Diekmann, B. et al. (1996). Clay Mineral Fluctuations in Late Quaternary Sediments of the Southeastern South Atlantic: Implications for Past Changes of Deep Water Advection. In: The South Atlantic. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80353-6_31

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