Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chronic Pancreatitis: Etiology

  • Chapter
Pancreatitis

Abstract

In most of the industrialized countries of the world alcohol is the major etiological factor in the development of chronic pancreatitis. Gallstones although a frequent cause of acute pancreatitis almost never lead to chronic pancreatitis. There are other defined causes that make up a small proportion of cases (Table 13.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ammann R (1976) Die idiopathische “juvenile” chronische Pankreatitis. Zum Problem der Beziehungen zwischen idiopathischer und alkohol-induzierter chronischer Pankreatitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 101: 1789–1794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ammann R, Sulser H (1976) Die “senile” chronische Pankreatitis - eine neue nosologische Einheit? Beobachtungen an 38 Fällen. Hinweise auf eine vaskuläre Ursache und Beziehungen zur primär schmerzlosen chronischen Pankreatitis. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 106: 429–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ammann RW, Buehler H, Muench R, Freiburghaus AW, Siegenthaler W (1987) Differences in the natural history of idiopathic (nonalcoholic) and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. A comparative long-term study of 287 patients. Pancreas 2: 368–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Balakrishnan V, Sauniere JF, Hariharan M, Sarles H (1988) Diet, pancreatic function, and chronic pancreatitis in South India and France. Pancreas 3: 30–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Becker V, Mischke U (1991) Groove pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 10: 173–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bernard JP, Sahel J, Giovannini M, Sarles H (1990) Pancreas divisum is a probable cause of acute pancreatitis: a report of 137 cases. Pancreas 5: 248–254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Beshlian K, Ryan JA Jr (1986) Pancreatitis in teenagers. Am J Surg 152: 133–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bess MA, Edis AJ, van Heerden JA (1980) Hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. Chance or a causal association? JAMA 243: 246–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Betuel H, Selman M, Vachon A (1980) Pancréatites chroniques. Liaisons avec les antigènes H.L.A. Nouv Presse Med 9: 42

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bourliere M, Barthet M, Berthezene P, Durbec JP, Sarles H (1991) Is tobacco a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis? Gut 32: 1392–1395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Braganza JM (1983) Pancreatic disease: a casualty of hepatic “detoxification”? Lancet 2: 1000–1003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Braganza JM, Jolley JE, Lee WR (1986) Occupational chemicals and pancreatitis: a link? Int J Pancreatol 1: 9–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Braganza JM, Schofield D, Snehalatha C, Mohan V (1993) Micronutrient antioxidant status in tropical compared with temperate-zone chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 28: 1098–1104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Braganza JM (ed) (1991) The pathogenesis of pancreatitis: based on a symposium held on 15 November 1990 at the University of Manchester under the auspices of the Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Manchester University Press, Manchester-New York

    Google Scholar 

  15. Breuer-Katschinski BD, Bracht J, Tietjen-Harms S, Goebell H (1996) Physical activity at work and the risk of chronic pancreatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8: 399–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Brick IB (1955) Effects of million volt irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract. Arch Intern Med 96: 26–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Burbige EJ, Tarder GL, Belber JP (1977) Malabsorption following radiation therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 67: 589–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Case JT, Warthin AS (1924) The occurrence of hepatic lesions in patients treated by intensive deep roentgen irradiation. Am J Roentgenol 12: 27–46

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cavallini G, Talamini G, Vaona B, Bovo P, Filippini M, Rigo L, Angelini G, Vantini I, Riela A, Frulloni L, Di Francesco V, Brunori MP, Bassi C, Pederzoli P (1994) Effect of alcohol and smoking on pancreatic lithogenesis in the course of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 9: 42–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chari ST, Mohan V, Jayanthi V, Snehalatha C, Malathi S, Viswanathan M, Madanagopalan N (1992) Comparative study of the clinical profiles of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and tropical chronic pancreatitis in Tamil Nadu, South India. Pancreas 7: 51–58

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dilvlagno EP, Layer P, Clain JE (1993) Chronic pancreatitis. In: Go VLW, DiMagno EP, Gardner JD, Lebenthal E, Reber HA, Scheele GA (eds) The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, and Disease, 2nd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 665–706

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dowsett JF, Rode J, Russell RCG (1989) Annular pancreas: a clinical, endoscopic, and immunohistochemical study. Gut 30: 130–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Durbec JP, Sarles H (1978) Multicenter survey of the etiology of pancreatic diseases. Relationship between the relative risk of developing chronic pancreatitis and alcohol, protein and lipid consumption. Digestion 18: 337–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dossing M, Jacobsen O, Rasmussen SN (1985) Chronic pancreatitis possibly caused by occupational exposure to organic solvents. Human Toxicol 4: 237–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Elitsur Y, Siddiqui SY, Sloven D, Rossi T, Afshani E, Lebenthal E (1989) Chronic pancreatitis with diffuse fibrosis in early childhood. Pancreas 4: 504–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Emanuelli G, Tappero G, Iuliano R, Dughera L, Gaia E (1989) Antitissue antibodies in chronic pancreatitis. Digestion 44: 79–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fauchet R, Genetet B, Gosselin M, Gastard J (1979) HLA antigens in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Tissue Antigens 13: 163–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Forbes A, Schwarz G, Mirakian R, Drummond V, Chan C-K, Cotton PB, Bottazzo GF (1987) HLA antigens in chronic pancreatitis. Tissue Antigens 30: 176–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Freeman HJ, Weinstein WM, Shnitka TK, Crockford PM, Herbert FA (1976) Alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency and pancreatic fibrosis. Ann Intern Med 85: 73–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS (1990) High blood alcohol levels in women. The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 322: 95–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gamroth A, Fenn K (1989) Verkalkende Pankreasheterotopie im Bereich der kleinen Kurvatur des Magenkorpus. Fortschr Röntgenstr 150: 738–739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gilinsky NH, Lewis JW, Flueck JA, Fried AM (1987) Annular pancreas associated with diffuse chronic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 82: 681–684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gosselin M, Fauchet R, Genetet B, Gastard J (1978) Les antigènes HLA. dans la pancréatite chronique alcoolique. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2: 883–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hangartner PJ, Bühler H, Münch R, Zaruba K, Stamm B, Ammann R (1987) Chronische Pankreatitis als wahrscheinliche Folge eines Analgetikaabusus. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 117: 638–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Heller SJ, Ferrari AP, Carr-Locke DL, Lichtenstein DR, Van Dam J, Banks PA (1996) Pancreatic duct stricture caused by islet cell tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 91: 147–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Itoh Y, Hada T, Terano A, Itai Y, Harada T (1989) Pancreatitis in the annulus of annular pancreas demonstrated by the combined use of computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Am J Gastroenterol 84: 961–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jalleh RP, Gilbertson JA, Williamson RCN, Slater SD, Foster CS (1993) Expression of major histocompatibility antigens in human chronic pancreatitis. Gut 34: 1452–1457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kahrilas PJ, Hogan WJ, Geenen JE, Stewart ET, Dodds WJ, Arndorfer RC (1987) Chronic recurrent pancreatitis secondary to a submucosal ampullary tumor in a patient with neurofibromatosis. Dig Dis Sci 32: 102–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kaplan MH (1985) Stress, pancreatic perfusion, and acute pancreatitis: a unified concept of pathogenesis. Mt Sinai J Med 52: 326–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kaplan MH (1986) Pathogenesis of pancreatitis: a unified concept. Int J Pancreatol 1: 5–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaplan MH, Wheeler WF, Kelly MJ (1983) Stress and diseases of the upper gut: II. Stress and pancreatic disease. Mt Sinai J Med 50: 331–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Keidar S, Teitelman U, Porath EB, Brook G, Naftali V (1987) Acute pancreatitis associated with rising cytomegalovirus titer. Israel J Med Sci 23: 296–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Koppelberg T, Bartsch D, Printz H, Hasse C, Rothmund M (1994) Die Pankreatitis beim primären Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) ist eine Komplikation des fortgeschrittenen pHPT. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 119: 719–724

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Lankisch PG, Hierholzer E, Koop H, Kaboth U, Koch.IlF, Brunner E (1980) HLA-antigens in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Z Gastroenterol 18: 524–526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lankisch PG, Koop H, Seelig R, Seelig HP (1981) Antinuclear and pancreatic acinar cell antibodies in pancreatic diseases. Digestion 21: 65–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lankisch PG, Koop H, Winckler K, Kaboth U (1978) al-Antitrypsin in pancreatic diseases. Digestion 18: 138–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lankisch PG, Löhr-Happe A, Otto J, Creutzfeldt W (1993) Natural course in chronic pancreatitis. Pain, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency and prognosis of the disease. Digestion 54: 148–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Laugier R, Camatte R, Sarles H (1983) Chronic obstructive pancreatitis after healing of a necrotic pseudocyst. Am J Surg 146: 551–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Lendrum R, Walker G (1975) Serum antibodies in human pancreatic disease. Gut 16: 365–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Lay P, Mathurin P, Roqueplo A, Rueff B, Bernades P (1995) A multidimensional case-control study of dietary, alcohol, and tobacco habits in alcoholic men with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 10: 231–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Lévy P, Menzelxhiu A, Paillot B, Bretagne JF, Fléjou JF, Bernades P (1993) Abdominal radiotherapy is a cause for chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 105: 905–909

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Little JM, Tait N, Richardson A, Dubois R (1992) Chronic pancreatitis beginning in childhood and adolescence. Arch Surg 127: 90–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Loftus EV Jr, Olivares-Pakzak BA, Batts KP, Adkins MC, Stephens DH, Sarr MG, DiMagno EP, Members of the Pancreas Clinic, Pancreatic Surgeons of Mayo Clinic (1996) Intraductal papillarymucinous tumors of the pancreas: clinicopathologic features, outcome, and nomenclature. Gastroenterology 110: 1909–1918

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mathai V, Banerjee Jesudason SR, Muthusami JC, Kuruvilla R, Idikula J, Sada P (1994) Chronic pancreatitis caused by intraductal hydatic cysts of the pancreas. Br J Surg 81: 1029

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mezey E, Kolman CJ, Diehl AM, Mitchell MC, Herlong HF (1988) Alcohol and dietary intake in the development of chronic pancreatitis and liver disease in alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 48: 148–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mihas AA, Hirschowitz BI (1976) Alphal-antitrypsin and chronic pancreatitis. Lancet 2: 1032–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Mitchell CJ, Simpson FG, Davison AM, Losowsky MS (1979) Radiation pancreatitis: a clinical entity? Digestion 19: 134–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Montalto G, Cambon P, Bernard JP, Durbec JP, Sarles H (1992) Chronic pancreatitis in southern France. Evolution of dietary habits and natural history. Frequency of liver cirrhosis and other histological changes. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 4: 733–738

    Google Scholar 

  59. Narendranathan M, Cheriyan A (1994) Lack of association between cassava consumption and tropical pancreatitis syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 9: 282–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Neher M, Lemmel EM (1975) Antinukleäre Faktoren bei Patienten mit Pankreatitis “unklarer Ätiologie”. Hinweis auf immunpathologische Genese? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 100: 362–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Novis BH, Young GO, Bank S, Marks IN (1975) Chronic pancreatitis and al-antitrypsin. Lancet 2: 748–749

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pezzilli R, Billi P, Melandri R, Broccoli PL, Fontana G (1992) Anticonvulsant-induced chronic pancreatitis. A case report. Ital J Gastroenterol 24: 245–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Pieroni PL, Rudick J, Adler M, Nacchiero M, Rybak BJ, Perlberg HJ Jr, Dreiling DA (1976) Effect of irradiation on the canine exocrine pancreas. Ann Surg 184: 610–614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Pitchumoni CS (1984) Special problems of tropical pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol 13: 941–959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Pitchumoni CS, Jain NK, Lowenfels AB, DiMagno EP (1988) Chronic cyanide poisoning: unifying concept for alcoholic and tropical pancreatitis. Pancreas 3: 220–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pitchumoni CS, Scheele GA (1993) Interdependence of nutrition and exocrine pancreatic function. In: Go VLW, DiMagno EP, Gardner JD, Lebenthal E, Reber HA, Scheele GA (eds) The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, and Disease, 2nd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 449–473

    Google Scholar 

  67. Pitchumoni CS, Sonnenshein M, Candido FM, Panchacharam P, Cooperman JM (1980) Nutrition in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 631–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rumessen JJ, Marner B, Thorsgaard Pedersen N, Permin H (1985) Autoantibodies in chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 20: 966–970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Sahel J, Cros R-C, Bourry J, Sarles H (1982) Clinico-pathological conditions associated with pancreas divisum. Digestion 23: 1–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Sarles H (1973) An international survey on nutrition and pancreatitis. Digestion 9: 389–403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Sarles H (1992) Chronic pancreatitis and main pancreatic duct stricture following cobalt therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 4: 509–510

    Google Scholar 

  72. Sarles H, Cambon P, Choux R, Payan MJ, Odaira S, Laugier R, Sahel J (1988) Chronic obstructive pancreatitis due to tiny (0.6 to 8 mm) benign tumors obstructing pancreatic ducts: report of three cases. Pancreas 3: 232–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Sarles H, Cros RC, Bidart JM, International Group for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases (1979) A multicenter inquiry into the etiology of pancreatic diseases. Digestion 19: 110–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Shwachman H, Lebenthal E, Khaw KT (1975) Recurrent acute pancreatitis in patients with cystic fibrosis with normal pancreatic enzymes. Pediatrics 55: 86–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Simpson WF, Adams DB, Metcalf JS, Anderson MC (1988) Nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presenting as pancreatitis: report of four cases. Pancreas 3: 223–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Stafford RJ, Grand RJ (1982) Hereditary disease of the exocrine pancreas. Clin Gastroenterol 11: 141–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Takano S, Kimura T, Yamaguchi H, Kinjo M, Nawata H (1992) Effects of stress on the development of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 7: 548–555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Tenner S, Carr-Locke DL, Banks PA, Brooks DC, Van Dam J, Farraye FA, Turner JR, Lichtenstein DR (1996) Intraductal mucin-hypersecreting neoplasm “mucinous ductal ectasia”: endoscopic recognition and management. Am J Gastroenterol 91: 2548–2554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Trapnell JE (1990) Management of chronic relapsing pancreatitis in adolescents. World J Surg 14: 48–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Uden S, Acheson DWK, Reeves J, Worthington HV, Hunt LP, Brown S, Braganza JM (1988) Antioxidants, enzyme induction, and chronic pancreatitis: a reappraisal following studies in patients on anticonvulsants. Eur J Clin Nutr 42: 561–569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Weaver GA (1987) Do antihypertensive agents cause chronic pancreatitis? J Clin Gastroenterol 9: 8–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Wilson JS, Bernstein L, McDonald C, Tait A, McNeil D, Pirola RC (1985) Diet and drinking habits in relation to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis. Gut 26: 882–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Worning H (1990) Incidence and prevalence of chronic pancreatitis. In: Reger HG, Büchler M, Ditschuneit H, Malfertheiner P (eds) Chronic Pancreatitis. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp 8–14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  84. Yen S, Hsieh CC, MacMahon B (1982) Consumption of alcohol and tobacco and other risk factors for pancreatitis. Am J Epidemiol 116: 407–414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik, Städtisches Krankenhaus, Bögelstraße 1, D-21339, Lüneburg, Germany

    Prof. Dr. P. G. Lankisch

  2. Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Peter A. Banks M.D. (Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Director, Clinical Gastroenterology Service)

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. P. G. Lankisch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter A. Banks M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lankisch, P.G., Banks, P.A. (1998). Chronic Pancreatitis: Etiology. In: Pancreatitis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80320-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80320-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80322-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80320-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation