Abstract
One of the earliest ways to separate materials was to use fluids. Inasmuch as fluid mechanicians view gases as fluids, a wide range of separation activities are encompassed in the concept, going back to the dawn of civilization. The winnowing of grain, involving separation of wheat from chaff by throwing the grain up into a breeze is the most obvious example. The difference in bulk densities between the wheat and the chaff, with the chaff being far more aerodynamically light than the wheat, caused the chaff to be carried farther by the wind than the wheat. The wheat would thus land at the feet of the laborer, while the chaff would be blown away. Later, water separation was used by people searching for gold in streams in the American West. “Panning” for gold and the use of sluices both employed water to wash away less-dense granular materials from among the suspended particles carried by the stream, or deposited along the stream bottom. The denser particles remaining were, it was hoped, gold.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Batchelor, G. K. (1967), An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K..
Biddulph, M. W., Thomas, C.P., and Straker, S.J. (1992), “Performance Characteristics of Vertical Straight-Duct Solids Classifiers,” Resources, Conservation, and Recycling 6(2) 149–159.
Carstens, M. R. (1952a)., “Accelerated Motion of a Spherical Particle,” Trans. of the American Geophysical Union, 33(5): 713–21.
Carstens, M. R. (1952b), “Carstens on Transfer Mechanism,” American Society of Civil Engineers, 117: 443–5.
Henrikson, R. A. (1979), A Descriptive Mathemtical Model of Air Classification, Duke Environmental Center, Durham, NC.
Hjelmfelt, A. T. and Mockros, L. F. (1967), “Stokes Flow Behavior of an Accelerating Sphere,” Proc. of the American Society of Civil Engineers J. of the Engineering Mechanics Division. 6: 87–102.
Jackson, C. Rhett, Stessel, Richard Ian, and J. Jeffrey Peirce (1988), “Passive Pulsing Air Classifier Theory,” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, 114(1): 106–119.
Karanfilian, S. K. and Kotas, T. J. (1978), “Drag on a Sphere in Unsteady Motion in a Liquid at Rest,” J. Fluid Mechanics, 87(1): 85–96.
Krishnaiyar, N. C. (1923), “An Experimental Determination of the Inertia of a Sphere Vibrating in a Liquid,” Philosophical Mag., 46(6): 1049–53.
Lunnon, R. G. (1926), “Fluid Resistance to Moving Spheres,” Proc. of the Royal Society of London, 110A: 302–26.
Lunnon, R. G. (1928), “Fluid Resistance to Moving Spheres,” Proc. of the Royal Society of London, 118A: 680–94.
McNabb, M. B. (1980), Fundamental Aspects of Air Classifier Operation and Design: A New Test for Evaluation of Air Classifier Performance, Duke Environmental Center, Durham, NC.
Mockros, L. F. and Lai, R. Y. S. (1969), “Validity of Stokes Theory for Accelerating Spheres”, Proc. of the American Society of Civil Engineers J. of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 3: 629–40.
Perry, Robert H.,and Chilton, Cecil H. (1973), Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, pp. 20–81–20–87.
Razgaitis, R. and Guenther, D. A. (1981) “Separation Efficiency of a Cyclone Separator with a Turbulence-Suppressing Rotating Insert, “ Journal of Engineering for Power 103(7)
Senden, M. M. G. (1987) Performance of Zig Zag Air Classifiers at Low Particle Concentrations, Diss., Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Stessel, Richard Ian (1992), “Controlling Pulsed, Incompressible Flow,” ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering, 118(1): 1–17.
Stessel, Richard Ian and Peirce, J. Jeffrey (1984), “Cyclones in Waste-to-Energy Production Facilities, “ ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering, 110(3): 191 – 203.
Stessel, Richard Ian and Peirce, J. Jeffrey (1986a), “Comparing Pulsing Classifiers for Waste-to-Energy,” ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering, 112(1): 1–13.
Stessel, Richard Ian and Peirce, J. Jeffrey (1986b), “Separation of Solid Waste with Pulsed Air Flow,” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, 111(6): 833–849.
Stessel, Richard Ian and Peirce, J. Jeffrey (1987), “Particle Separation in Pulsed Air Flow,” ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 113(10): 1594–1607.
Vesilind, P. Aarne and Alan E. Rimer (1981), Unit Operations in Resource Recovery Engineering, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Ch. 4.
White, F (1974)., Viscous Fluid Flow. McGraw Hill, New York, p. 207.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stessel, R.I. (1996). Fluid Separation. In: Recycling and Resource Recovery Engineering. Environmental Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80219-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80219-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80221-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80219-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive