Skip to main content

SCAN (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) and the PSE (Present State Examination) Tradition

  • Chapter
Mental Health Outcome Measures

Abstract

The development of a series of instruments that has so far culminated in Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) version 2.0 began in the late 1950s because of the need for better tools for clinical measurement (including categorization and diagnosis). The basic principles of the Present State Examination (PSE) had long been decided by the time of first publication in 1974 and have remained the same since. Based on the glossary of differential definitions, the aim is to provide comprehensive, accurate and technically specifiable means of describing and classifying clinical phenomena in order to make comparisons. Insofar as it fulfils this aim, SCAN can be used to enhance clinical work and education and advance knowledge through its use in biomedical, epidemiological and psychosocial research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bebbington PE, Hurry J, Tennant C, Sturt E, Wing JK (1981) Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychol Med 11: 561–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GW, Monck E, Carstairs GM, Wing JK (1962) Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness. Br J Prev Soc Med 16: 55–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Brugha TS, Wing JK, Brewin CR, Maarthy B, Mangen S, Lesage A, Mumford J (1988) The problems of people in long-term psychiatric day-care. An introduction to the Camberwell High Contact Survey. Psychol Med 18: 443–456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Menzie S (1981) The rapid prediction of low scores on a standardized psychiatric interview (PSE). In: Wing JK, Bebbmgton P, Robins LN (eds) What is a case? Grant Mclntyre, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Kendell RE, Gurland BJ, Sharpe L, Copeland JRM, Simon R (1972) Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Copeland JRM, Brown GW, Harris T, Gourlay J (1977) Further studies on interviewer training and inter-rater rehability of the PSE. Psychol Med 7: 517–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean C, Surtees PG, Sashidharan SP (1983) Comparison of research diagnostic systems in an Edinburgh community sample. Br J Psychiatry 142: 247–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson S, Duncan-Jones P, Byrne DG, Scott R, Adcock S (1979) Psychiatric disorder in Canberra. A standardized study of prevalence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 60: 355–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huxley P, Raval H, Korer J, Jacob C (1989) Psychiatric morbidity in the ents of social workers. Clinical outcome. Psychol Med 19:189–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Hirschfeld R, Pardes H (1983) Diagnosis and classification of mental disorders and alcohol — and drug-related problems. A research agenda for the 1980s. Psychol Med 13: 907–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendell RE, Everitt B, Cooper JE, Sartorius N, David ME (1968) Reliability of the PSE. Psychiatry 3: 123–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Knights A, Hirsch SR, Piatt SD (1980) Clinical change as a function of brief admission to hospital in a controlled study using the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 137: 170–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen V, Lindholm T, Veijola J, Vaisanen E (1990) The prevalence of PSE-CATEGO disorders in a Finnish adult population cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 25:187–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Jyrkinen T, Lahtela K, Raitasalo R, Maatela J, Aromaa A (1991) Mental health and mental disorders in the Finnish adult population. Social Institute, Helsinki, pp 308–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesage AD, Cyr M, Toupin J (1991) Rehable use of the PSE by psychiatric nurses of psychotic and non-psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatr 83: 121–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luria RE, Berry R (1979) Rability and descriptive validity of the PSE syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:1187–1195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luria RE, Mugh PR (1974) Rability and clinical utility of the Wing PSE. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30: 866–871

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mavreas VG, Bebbington PE (1988) Greeks, British Greek Cypriots and Londoners. A comparison of morbidity. Psychol Med 18: 433–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muffin P, Katz R, Aldrich J (1986) Past and present state examination. The assessment of ‘lifetime ever ’ psychopathology. Psychol Med 16: 461–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer H, Jenkins R (1994) The national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain. Int Rev Psychiatry 6: 349–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okasha A, Ashour A (1981) Psycho-demographic study of anxiety in Egypt. The PSE in its Arabic version. Br J Psychiatry 139: 70–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orley J, Wing JK (1979) Psychiatric disorders in two African villages. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36: 513–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pakaslahti A (1994) Predictors of working disability in first admission schizophrenic patients. Psychiatr Fenn 25:150–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers B, Mann SA (1986) The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers. A national population survey. Psychol Med 16: 689–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose G (1992) The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturt E (1981) Hierarchici patterns in the distribution of psychiatric symptoms. Psychol Med 11: 783–794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tress KH, Bellenis C, Brownlow JH, Livingston G, Leff JP (1987) The PSE change rating scale. Br J Psychiatry 150: 201–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urwin P, Gibbons JL (1979) Psychiatric diagnosis in self poisoning patients. Psychol Med 9: 501–507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1960) The measurement of behaviour in chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Neurol 35: 245–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1961) A simple and reliable subclassification of chronic schizophrenia. J Ment Sci 107: 862–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1962) Institutionalism in mental hospitals. J Soc CHn Psychol 1: 38–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1976) A technique for studying psychiatric morbidity in in-patient and out-patient series and in general population samples. Psychol Med 6: 665–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1983) Use and misuse of the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 143: 111–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1994) Relevance of psychiatric epidemiology to nical psychiatry. Int Rev Psychiatry 6: 259–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Birley JLT, Cooper JE, Graham P, Isaacs AD (1967) Reliability of a procedure for measuring and classifying ‘present psychiatric state’. Br J Psychiatry 113: 499–515

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) The description and classification of psychiatric symptoms. An instruction manual for the PSE and CATEGO system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Nixon JM, Mann SA, Leff JP (1977) Rability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population survey. Psychol Med 7: 505–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Mann SA, Leff JP, Nixon JM (1978) The concept of a ‘case’ in psychiatric population surveys. Psychol Med 8: 203–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper J, Giel R, Jablensky A, Regier D, Sartorius N (1989) SCAN: Schedules for CUnical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 589–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Sartorius N, Ustun TB (eds) (1996) Diagnosis and nical measurement in psychiatry. An instruction manual for the SCAN system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1973) The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1979) Schizophrenia. An international follow-up study. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wing, J. (1996). SCAN (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) and the PSE (Present State Examination) Tradition. In: Thornicroft, G., Tansella, M. (eds) Mental Health Outcome Measures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80204-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80202-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics