Abstract
The development of a series of instruments that has so far culminated in Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) version 2.0 began in the late 1950s because of the need for better tools for clinical measurement (including categorization and diagnosis). The basic principles of the Present State Examination (PSE) had long been decided by the time of first publication in 1974 and have remained the same since. Based on the glossary of differential definitions, the aim is to provide comprehensive, accurate and technically specifiable means of describing and classifying clinical phenomena in order to make comparisons. Insofar as it fulfils this aim, SCAN can be used to enhance clinical work and education and advance knowledge through its use in biomedical, epidemiological and psychosocial research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bebbington PE, Hurry J, Tennant C, Sturt E, Wing JK (1981) Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychol Med 11: 561–580
Brown GW, Monck E, Carstairs GM, Wing JK (1962) Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness. Br J Prev Soc Med 16: 55–68
Brugha TS, Wing JK, Brewin CR, Maarthy B, Mangen S, Lesage A, Mumford J (1988) The problems of people in long-term psychiatric day-care. An introduction to the Camberwell High Contact Survey. Psychol Med 18: 443–456
Cooper JE, Menzie S (1981) The rapid prediction of low scores on a standardized psychiatric interview (PSE). In: Wing JK, Bebbmgton P, Robins LN (eds) What is a case? Grant Mclntyre, London
Cooper JE, Kendell RE, Gurland BJ, Sharpe L, Copeland JRM, Simon R (1972) Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Cooper JE, Copeland JRM, Brown GW, Harris T, Gourlay J (1977) Further studies on interviewer training and inter-rater rehability of the PSE. Psychol Med 7: 517–523
Dean C, Surtees PG, Sashidharan SP (1983) Comparison of research diagnostic systems in an Edinburgh community sample. Br J Psychiatry 142: 247–256
Henderson S, Duncan-Jones P, Byrne DG, Scott R, Adcock S (1979) Psychiatric disorder in Canberra. A standardized study of prevalence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 60: 355–374
Huxley P, Raval H, Korer J, Jacob C (1989) Psychiatric morbidity in the ents of social workers. Clinical outcome. Psychol Med 19:189–198
Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Hirschfeld R, Pardes H (1983) Diagnosis and classification of mental disorders and alcohol — and drug-related problems. A research agenda for the 1980s. Psychol Med 13: 907–921
Kendell RE, Everitt B, Cooper JE, Sartorius N, David ME (1968) Reliability of the PSE. Psychiatry 3: 123–129
Knights A, Hirsch SR, Piatt SD (1980) Clinical change as a function of brief admission to hospital in a controlled study using the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 137: 170–180
Lehtinen V, Lindholm T, Veijola J, Vaisanen E (1990) The prevalence of PSE-CATEGO disorders in a Finnish adult population cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 25:187–192
Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Jyrkinen T, Lahtela K, Raitasalo R, Maatela J, Aromaa A (1991) Mental health and mental disorders in the Finnish adult population. Social Institute, Helsinki, pp 308–342
Lesage AD, Cyr M, Toupin J (1991) Rehable use of the PSE by psychiatric nurses of psychotic and non-psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatr 83: 121–124
Luria RE, Berry R (1979) Rability and descriptive validity of the PSE syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:1187–1195
Luria RE, Mugh PR (1974) Rability and clinical utility of the Wing PSE. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30: 866–871
Mavreas VG, Bebbington PE (1988) Greeks, British Greek Cypriots and Londoners. A comparison of morbidity. Psychol Med 18: 433–442
Muffin P, Katz R, Aldrich J (1986) Past and present state examination. The assessment of ‘lifetime ever ’ psychopathology. Psychol Med 16: 461–466
Meltzer H, Jenkins R (1994) The national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain. Int Rev Psychiatry 6: 349–356
Okasha A, Ashour A (1981) Psycho-demographic study of anxiety in Egypt. The PSE in its Arabic version. Br J Psychiatry 139: 70–73
Orley J, Wing JK (1979) Psychiatric disorders in two African villages. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36: 513–520
Pakaslahti A (1994) Predictors of working disability in first admission schizophrenic patients. Psychiatr Fenn 25:150–168
Rogers B, Mann SA (1986) The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers. A national population survey. Psychol Med 16: 689–700
Rose G (1992) The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Sturt E (1981) Hierarchici patterns in the distribution of psychiatric symptoms. Psychol Med 11: 783–794
Tress KH, Bellenis C, Brownlow JH, Livingston G, Leff JP (1987) The PSE change rating scale. Br J Psychiatry 150: 201–207
Urwin P, Gibbons JL (1979) Psychiatric diagnosis in self poisoning patients. Psychol Med 9: 501–507
Wing JK (1960) The measurement of behaviour in chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Neurol 35: 245–254
Wing JK (1961) A simple and reliable subclassification of chronic schizophrenia. J Ment Sci 107: 862–875
Wing JK (1962) Institutionalism in mental hospitals. J Soc CHn Psychol 1: 38–51
Wing JK (1976) A technique for studying psychiatric morbidity in in-patient and out-patient series and in general population samples. Psychol Med 6: 665–671
Wing JK (1983) Use and misuse of the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 143: 111–117
Wing JK (1994) Relevance of psychiatric epidemiology to nical psychiatry. Int Rev Psychiatry 6: 259–264
Wing JK, Birley JLT, Cooper JE, Graham P, Isaacs AD (1967) Reliability of a procedure for measuring and classifying ‘present psychiatric state’. Br J Psychiatry 113: 499–515
Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) The description and classification of psychiatric symptoms. An instruction manual for the PSE and CATEGO system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wing JK, Nixon JM, Mann SA, Leff JP (1977) Rability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population survey. Psychol Med 7: 505–516
Wing JK, Mann SA, Leff JP, Nixon JM (1978) The concept of a ‘case’ in psychiatric population surveys. Psychol Med 8: 203–217
Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper J, Giel R, Jablensky A, Regier D, Sartorius N (1989) SCAN: Schedules for CUnical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 589–593
Wing JK, Sartorius N, Ustun TB (eds) (1996) Diagnosis and nical measurement in psychiatry. An instruction manual for the SCAN system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
World Health Organization (1973) The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. WHO, Geneva
World Health Organization (1979) Schizophrenia. An international follow-up study. WHO, Geneva
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wing, J. (1996). SCAN (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) and the PSE (Present State Examination) Tradition. In: Thornicroft, G., Tansella, M. (eds) Mental Health Outcome Measures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80204-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80202-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive