Abstract
It has been known for 20 years that all retroviruses possess a similar genetic organization and that a single gene product, the Gag protein, is responsible for directing particle assembly (DICKSON et al. 1984; COFFIN 1984). However it is only very recently that an understanding of how the Gag protein functions has begun to take shape. This chapter reviews recent efforts to understand the assembly and budding functions of the Gag protein with a primary focus on Rous sarcoma virus (RSV, a member of the avian sarcoma-leukosis virus group of oncoviruses) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These studies have shown that in spite of a striking divergence in amino acid sequences, the two viruses utilize fundamentally similar mechanisms to direct assembly and budding.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adachi A, Gendelman HE, Koenig S, Folks T, Willey R, Rabson A, Martin MA (1986) Production of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone. J Virol 59: 284–291
Aldovini A, Young RA (1990) Mutations of RNA and protein sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging result in production on noninfectious virus. J Virol 64: 1920–1926
Arcement LJ, Karshin Wl, Naso RB, Jamjoon G, Arlinghaus RB (1976) Biosynthesis of Rauscher leukemia viral proteins: presence of p30 and envelope p15 sequences in precursor polypeptides. Virology 69: 763–774
Bennett RP (1994) Molecular interactions required for protease activation and virion assembly by retroviral Gag proteins. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University
Bennett RP, Nelle TD, Wills JW (1993) Functional chimeras of the Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus Gag proteins. J Virol 67: 6487–6498
Bess Jr., Powell PJ, Issaq HJ, Schumack LJ, Grimes MK, Henderson LE, Arthur LO (1992) Tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human leukemia virus type 1 and other retrovi rues. J Virol 66: 840–847
Bolognesi DP, Luftig R, Shaper JH (1973) Localization of RNA tumor virus polypeptides. I. Isolation of further virus substructures. Virology 56: 549–564
Bryant M, Ratner L (1990) Myristoylation-dependent replication and assembly of human mmunodeficiency virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 523–527
Burnette WN, Holladay LA, Mitchell WM (1976) Physical and chemical properties of Moloney murine leukemia virus p30 protein: a major core structural component exhibiting high helicity and selfassociation. J Mol Biol 107: 131–143
Campbell S, Vogt VM (1995) Self assembly in vitro of purified CA-NC proteins from Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1. J Virol 69: 6487–6497
Carrière C, Gay B, Chazal N, Morin N, Boulanger P (1995) Sequence requirements for encapsidation of deletion mutants and chimeras of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor into tetrovirus-like particles. J Virol 69: 2366–2377
Chazal N, Carrière C, Gay B, Boulanger P (1994) Phenotypic characterization of insertion mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor expressed in recombinant baculovirusinfected cells. J Virol 68: 111–122
Coffin JM (1984) Structure of the retroviral genome. In: Weiss R, Teich N, Varmus H, Coffin J (eds) RNA tumor viruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 261–368
Covey SN (1986) Amino acid sequence homology in gag region of reverse transcribing elements and the coat protein gene of cauliflower mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res 14: 623–633
Craven RC, Leure-duPree AE, Erdie CR, Wilson CB, Wills JW (1993) Necessity of the spacer peptide between CA and NC in the Rouse sarcoma virus Gag protein. J Virol 67: 6246–6252
Craven RC, Leure-duPree AE, Weldon RA, Wills JW (1995) Genetic analysis of the major homology region of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein. J Virol 69: 4213–4227
Davis NL, Rueckert RR (1972) Properties of a ribonucleoprotein particle isolated from Nonidet P-40- treated Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol 10: 1010–1020
De Rocquigny H, Gabus C, Vincent A, Fournie-Zaluski MC, Roques B, Darlix JL (1992) Viral RNA annealing activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein require only peptide domains outside the zinc fingers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 6472–6476
Delchambre M, Gheysen D, Thines D, Thiriart C, Jacobs E, Verdin E, Horth M, Burny A, Bex F (1989) The GAG precursor of simian immunodeficiency virus assembles into virus-like particles. EMBO J 8: 2653–2660
Deminie CA, Emerman M (1993) Incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag proteins into murine leukemia virus virions. J Virol 67: 6499–6506
Dickson C, Eisenman R, Fan H, Hunter E, Teich N (1984) Protein biosynthesis and assembly. In: Weiss R, Teich N, Varmus H, Coffin JM (eds) RNA tumor viruses, vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 513–648
Dorfman T, Bukovsky A, Öhagen A, Höglund S, Göttlinger HG (1994) Functional domains of the capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 68: 8180–8187
Dupraz P, Spahr P (1992) Specificity of Rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein in genomic RNA packaging. J Virol 66: 4662–4670
Dupraz P, Öertie S, Meric C, Damay P, Spahr PF (1990) Point mutations in the proximal Cys-His box of Rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein. J Virol 64: 4978–4987
Ehrlich LS, Kräusslich HG, Wimmer E, Carter CA (1990) Expression in Escherichia coli and purification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein (p24). AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 6: 1169–1175
Eisenman RN, Vogt VM, Diggelmann H (1975) Synthesis of avian RNA tumor virus structural proteins.Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 39: 1067–1075
Elder JH, Schnölzer M, Hasselkus-Light CS, Henson M, Lerner DA, Phillips TR, Wagaman PC, Kent SBH (1993) Identification of proteolytic processing sites within the Gag and Pol polyproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 67: 1869–1876
Erdie CR, Wills JW (1990) Myristylation of Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein does not prevent replication in avian cells. J Virol 64: 5204–5208
Franke EK, Yuan HEH, Bossolt KL, Goff SP, Luban J (1994) Specificity and sequence requirements for interactions between various retroviral Gag proteins. J Virol 68: 5300–5305
Gelderblom H (1990) Morphogenesis, maturation and fine structure of lentiviruses. In: Pearl LH (ed) Retroviral proteases: maturation and morphogenesis. Stockton, New York, NY, pp 159–180
Gheysen D, Jacobs E, de Foresta F, Thiriart C, Francotte M, Thines D, De Wilde M (1989) Assembly and release of HIV-1 precursor Pr55gag virus-like particles from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. Cell 59: 103–112
Gonzalez SA, Affranchino JL, Gelderblom HR, Burny A (1993) Assembly of the matrix protein of simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. Virology 194: 548–556
Gorelick RJ, Henderson LE, Hanser JP, Rein A (1988) Point mutations of Moloney murine leukemia virus that fail to package viral RNA: evidence for specific RNA recognition by a “zinc finger-like” protein sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 85: 8420–8424
Gorelick RJ, Nigida SM, Bess Jr, Arthur LO, Henderson LE, Rein A (1990) Noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants deficient in genomic RNA. J Virol 64: 3207–3211
Göttlinger HG, Sodroski JG, Haseltine WA (1989) Role of capsid precursor processing and myristoylation in morphogenesis and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 86: 5781–5785
Göttlinger HG, Dorfman T, Sodroski JG, Haseltine WA (1991) Effect of mutations affecting the p6 Gag protein on human immunodeficiency virus particle release, proc Natl Acad Sei USA 88: 3195–3199
Hansen MS, Barklis E (1995) Structural interactions between retroviral Gag proteins examined by cysteine cross-linking. J Virol 69: 1150–1159
Hansen LJ, Chalker DL, Sandmeyer SB (1988) Ty3, a yeast retrotransposan associated with tRNA genes, has homology to animal retroviruses. Mol Cell Biol 8: 5245–5256
Henderson LE, Sowder R, Copeland TD, Smythers G, Oroszlan S (1984) Quantitative separation of murine leukemia virus proteins by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography reveals newly described gag and env cleavage products. J Virol 52: 492–500
Henderson LE, Benveniste RE, Sowder R, Copeland TD, Schultz AM, Oroszlan S (1988a) Molecular characterization of gag proteins from simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIVMne ). J Virol 62: 2587–2595
Henderson LE, Copeland TD, Sowder RC, Schultz AM, Oroszlan S (1988b) Analysis of proteins and peptides from sucrose banded HTLV-III. In: Bolognesi D (ed) Human retroviruses, cancer and AIDS: approaches to prevention and therapy. Alan R. Liss, New York, NY, pp 135–147
Henderson LE, Bowers MA, Sowder RC, Serabyn SA, Johnson DG, Bess JW Jr., Arthur LO, Bryant DK, Fenselau C (1992) Gag proteins of the highly replicative MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: posttranslational modifications, proteolytic processings, and complete amino acid sequences. J Virol 66: 1856–1865
Hong SS, Boulanger P (1993) Assembly-defective point mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor phenotypically expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells. J Virol 67: 2787–2798
Hoshikawa N, Kojima A, Yasuda A, Takayashiki E, Masuko S, Chiba J, Sata T, Kurata T (1991) Role of the gag and pol genes of human immunodeficiency virus in the morphogenesis and maturation of retrovirus-like particles expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus: an ultrastructural study. J Gen Virol 72: 2517
Jowett JB, Hockley DJ, Nermut MV, Jones IM (1992) Distinct singnals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55 necessary for RNA binding and particle formation [published erratum appears in J Gen Virol 1993 May; 74(5): 943], J Gen Virol 73: 3079–3086
Karpel RL, Henderson LE, Oroszlan S (1987) Interactions of retroviral structural proteins with singlestranded nucleic acids. J Biol Chem 262: 4961–4967
Kawakami T, Sherman L, Dahlberg J, Gazit A, Yaniv A, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA (1987) Nucleotide sequence analysis of equine infectious anemia virus proviral DNA. Virology 158: 300–312
Kräusslich H-G, Facke M, Heuser A-M, Konvalinka J, Zentgraf H (1995) The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity. J Virol 69: 3407–3419
Luftig RB, Yoshinaka Y (1978) Rauscher leukemia virus populations enruched for “immature” virions contain increased amounts of P70, the gag gene product. J Virol 25: 416–421
Luo L, Li Y, Dales S, Yong Kang C (1994) Mapping of functional domains for HIV-1 gag assembly into virus-like particles. Virology 205: 496–502
Mammano F, Ohagen A, Hoglund S, Göttlinger HG (1994) Role of the major homology region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in virion morphogenesis. J Virol 68: 4927–4936
Massiah MA, Starich MR, Paschall C, Summers MF, Christensen AM, Sundquist Wl (1994) Threedimensional structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein. J Mol Biol 244: 198–223
Matthews S, Barlow P, Boyd J, Russell R, Mills H, Cunningham M, Meyers N, Burns NC, Kingsman A, Campbell I (1994) Structural similarity between the p17 matrix protein of HIV-1 and interferongamma. Nature (London) 370: 666–668
Maurer B, Bannert H, Darai G, Flügel RM (1988) Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human spumaretrovirus. J Virol 62: 1590–1597
McLaughlin S, Aderam A (1995) The myristoyl-electrostatic switch: a modulator of reversible roteinmembrane interactions. Trends Biochem Sei 20: 272–276
Mergener K, Facke M, Welker R, Brinkmann V, Gelderblom HR, Kräusslich HG (1992) Analysis of HIV particle formation using transient expression of subviral constructs in mammalian cells. Virology 186: 25–39
Méric C, Spahr P (1986) Rous sarcoma virus nucleic acid-binding protein p12 is necessary for viral 70S RNA dimer formation and packaging. J Virol 60: 450–459
Méric, C, Goff SP (1989) Characterization of Moloney murine leukemia virus mutants with singleamino- acid substitutions in the Cys-His box of the nucleocapsid protein. J Virol 63: 1558–1568
Méric C, Gouilloud E, Spahr P (1988) Mutations in Rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein p12 (NC): deletions of Cys-His boxes. J Virol 62: 3328–3333
Mérvis RJ, Ahmad N, Lillehoj EP, Raum MG, Salazar FHR, Chan HW, Venkatesan S (1988) The gag gene products of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: alignment within the gag open reading frame, identification of posttranslational modifications, and evidence for alternative gag precursors. J Virol 62: 3993–4002
Morellet N, Jullian N, De Rocquigny H, Maigret B, Darlix JL, Roques BP (1992) Determination of the structure of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by 1H NMR. EMRO J 11: 3059–3065
Nelle TD, Wills JW (1996) A large region within the Rous sarcoma virus matrix protein is dispensable for budding and infectivity. J Virol 70: 2269–2276
Ottoman M, Gabus C, Darlix J (1995) The central globular domain of the nucleocapsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is critical for virion structure and infectivity. J Virol 69: 1778–1784
Overton HA, Fuji Y, Prince IR, Jones IM (1989) The protease and gag gene products of the human immunodeficiency virus: authentic cleavage and post-translational modification in an insect cell expression system. Virology 170: 107–116
Parent LJ, Bennett RP, Craven RC, Nelle TD, Krishna NK, Bowzard JB, Wilson CB, Puffer BA, Montelaro RC, Wills JW (1995) Positionally independent and exchangeable late budding functions of the Rousy sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus Gag proteins. J Virol 69: 5455–5460
Parent LJ, Wilson CB, Resh MD, Wills JW (1996) Evidence for a second function of the MA sequence in the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein. J Virol 70: 1016–1026
Patarca R, Haseltine WA (1985) A major retroviral core protein related to EPA and TIMP. Nature (London) 318: 390
Paxton W, Connor Rl, Landau NR (1993) Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: requirement for the p6 region of Gag and mutational analysis. J Virol 67: 7229–7237
Peitzsch RM, McLaughlin S (1993) Binding of acylated peptides and fatty acids to phospholipid vesicles: pertinence to myristoylated proteins. Biochemistry 32: 10436–10443
Pepinsky RB (1983) Localization of lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions within the murine retrovirus gag precursor by a novel peptide-mapping technique. J Biol Chem 258: 11299–11235
Pepinsky RB, Vogt VM (1984) Fine-structure analyses of lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions of Gag protein p19 of the avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses by cyanogen bromide mapping. J Virol 52: 145–153
Pepinsky RB, Cappiello D, Wilkowski C, Vogt VM (1980) Chemical crosslinking of proteins in avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses, Virology 102: 205–210
Pepinsky RB, Papayannopoulos IA, Chow EP, Krishna NK, Craven RC, Vogt VM (1995) Differential proteolytic processing leads to multiple forms of the CA protein in Avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses. J Virol (in press)
Pettit SC, Moody MD, Wehbie RS, Kaplan AH, Nantermet PV, Klein CA, Swanstrom R (1994) The p2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag regulates sequential proteolytic processing and is required to produce fully infectious virions. J Virol 68: 8017–8027
Prats AC, Sarih L, Gabus C, Litvak S, Keith G, Darlix J (1988) Small finger protein of avian and murine retroviruses has nucleic acid annealing activity and positions the replication primer tRNA onto genomic RNA. EMBO J 7: 1777–1783
Reicin AS, Paik S, Berkowitz RD, Luban J, Lowy I, Goff SP (1995) Linker insertion mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene: effects on virion particle assembly, release and infectivity. J Virol 69: 642–650
Resh MD (1994) Myristylation and palmitylation of Src family members: the fats of the matter. Cell 76: 411–413
Rhee SS, Hunter E (1987) Myristylation is required for intracellular transport but not for assembly of D-type retrovirus capsids. J Virol 61: 1045–1053
Royer M, Cerutti M, Gay B, Hong SS, Devauchelle G, Boulanger P (1991) Functional domains of HIV-1 Gag-polyprotein expressed in baculovirus-infected cells. Virology 184: 417–422
Sakalian M, Wills JW, Vogt VM (1994) Efficiency and selectivity of RNA packaging by Rous sarcoma virus Gag deletion mutants. J Virol 68: 5969–5981
Schultz AM, Rein A (1989) Unmyristylated Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr65gag is excluded from virus assembly and maturation events. J Virol 63: 2370–2373
Shioda T, Shibuta H (1990) Production of human immunodeficiency virus ( HlV)-like particles from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying the gag gene of HIV. Virology 175: 139–148
Smith AJ, Cho Ml, Hammarskjold ML, Rekosh D (1990) Humain immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol expressed from a simian virus 40 late replacement vector are efficiently processed and assembled into viruslike particles. J Virol 64: 2743–2750
Sonigo P, Alizon M, Staskus K, Klatzmann D, Cole S, Danos O, Retzel E, Tiollais P, Haase A, Wain- Hobson S (1985) Nucleotide sequence of the visna lentivirus: relationship to the AIDS virus. Cell 42: 369–382
Srinivasakumar N, Hammarskjold M-L, Rekosh D (1995) Characterization of deletion mutations in the capsid region of HIV-1 that effect particle formation and Gag-Pol precursor incorporation. J Virol 69: 6106–6114
Stewart L, Schatz G, Vogt VM (1990) Properties of avian retrovirus particles defective in viral protease. J Virol 64: 5076–5092
Strambio-de-Castillia C, Hunter E (1992) Mutational analysis of the major homology region of Mason- Pfizer monkey virus by use of saturation mutagenesis. J Virol 66: 7021–7032
Stromberg K, Hurley NE, Davis NL, Rueckert RR, Fleissner E (1974) Structural studies of avian myeloblastosis virus: comparision of polypetides in virion and core component by dedecyl sulfatepolyarcylamide gel electrophoresis. J Virol 13: 513–528
Stys D, Blaha I, Strop P (1993) Structural and functional studies in vitro on the p6 protein from the HIV- 1 gag open reading frame. Biochim Biophys Acta 1182: 157–161
Teich N (1984) Taxonomy of retroviruses. In: Weiss R, Teich N, Varmus H, Coffin J (eds) RNA tumor viruses, vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 25–207
Tobin GJ, Sowder RC, Fabris D, Hu MY, Battles JK, Fenselau C, Henderson LE, Gonda MA (1994) Amino acid sequence analysis of the proteolytic cleavage products of the bovine immunodeficiency virus Gag precursor polypeptide. J Virol 68: 7620–7627
Tritch RJ, Cheng YE, Yin FH, Erickson-Viitanen S (1991) Mutagenesis of protease cleavage sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein. J Virol 65: 922–930
Trono D, Feinberg MB, Baltimore D (1989) HIV-1 Gag mutants can dominantly interfere with the replication of wild-type virus. Cell 59: 113–120
Verderame MF, Nelle TD, Wills JW (1996) The membrane-binding domain of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein. J Virol 70: 2664–2668
Vogt VM, Eisenman R (1973) Identification of a large polypetide precursor of avian oncornavirus proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 70: 1734–1738
Vogt VM, Eisenman R, Diggelmann H (1975) Generation of avian myeloblastosis virus structural proteins by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor polyprotein. J Mol Bios 96: 471–493
Vogt VM, Bruckenstein DA, Bell AP (1982) Avain sarcoma virus gag precursor polypetide is not processed in mammalian cells. J Virol 44: 725–730
von Poblotzki A, Wagner R, Niedrig M, Wanner G, Wolf H, Modrow S (1993) Identification of a region in the Pr550ag-polyprotein essential for HIV-1 particle formation. Virology 193: 981–985
Voynow SL, Coffin JM (1985) Truncated gag-related proteins are produced by large detection mutants of Rous sarcoma virus and form virus particles. J Virol 55: 79–85
Wagner R, Demi L, Fliesbach H, Wanner G, Wolf H (1994) Assembly and extracellular release of chimeric HIV-1 Pr55gag retrovirus-like particles. Virology 200: 162–175
Wang CT, Barklis E (1993) Assembly, processing, and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag mutants. J Virol 67: 4264–4273
Weldon RA Jr., Wills JW (1993) Characterization of a small (25-kilodalton) derivative of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein competent for particle release. J Virol 67: 5550–5561
Weldon RA Jr., Erdie CR, Oliver MG, Wills JW (1990) Incorporation of chimeric Gag proteins into retroviral particles. J Virol 64: 4169–4179
Wills JW, Craven RC, Achacoso JA (1989) Creation and expression of myristylated forms of Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein in mammalian cells. J Virol 63: 4331–4343
Wills JW, Craven RC, Weldon RA Jr., Nelle TD, Erdie CR (1991) Suppression of retroviral MA deletions by the amino-terminal membrane-binding domain of p60src. J Virol 65: 3804–3812
Wills JW, Cameron CE, Wilson CB, Xiang Y, Bennett RP, Leis J (1994) An assembly domain of Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein required late in budding. J Virol 68: 6605–6618
Witte ON, Baltimore D (1978) Relationship of retrovirus polyprotein cleavages to virion maturation studied with temperature-sensitive murine leukemia virus mutants. J Virol 26: 750–761
Yu X, Yuan X, Matsuda Z, Lee T-H, Essex M (1992) The matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is required for incorporation of viral enveloped protein into mature virions. J Virol 66: 4966–4971
Zhao Y, Jones IM, Hockley DJ, Nermut MV, Roy P (1994) Complementation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) Gag particle formation. Virology 199: 403–408
Zhou W, Parent LJ, Wills JW, Resh MD (1994) Identification of membrane-binding domain within the amino-terminal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein which interacts with acidic phospholipids. J Virol 68: 2556–2569
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Craven, R.C., Parent, L.J. (1996). Dynamic Interactions of the Gag Polyprotein. In: Kräusslich, HG. (eds) Morphogenesis and Maturation of Retroviruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 214. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80145-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80145-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80147-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80145-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive