Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

T Cell Receptors and T Cell Development

  • Chapter
Immunology and Developmental Biology of the Chicken

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 212))

Abstract

Birds provide a valuable model system for the study of early development. Studies of immune system development and function in chickens have contributed to some of the central tenets in immunology. These include:(1) allorecognition by lymphocytes in graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions (Simonsen 1985), (2) clonal reactivity of immunocompetent lymphocytes (Burnet 1957), (3) the separate differentiation pathways of T and B cells which cooperate in immune responses (Cooper et al. 1965), (4) hematopoietic stem cell origin of both lymphoid and myeloid lineages (Moore and Owen 1965), (5) the developmental migratory waves of thymocyte progenitors (Le Douarin 1978), (6) immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switching by IgM-bearing B lymphocytes (Kincade et al. 1970; Kincade and Cooper 1973), and (7) somatic diversification of the B cell repertoire by gene conversion (Reynaud et al. 1987; Thompson and Neiman 1987).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arstila TP, Toivanen P, Lassila O (1993) Helper activity of CD4* αβ T cells is required for the avian yS T cell response. Eur J Immunol 23: 2034–2037

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson TP (1995) Absence of yS T lymphocytes in a patient with complete DiGeorge syndrome. FASEB J 9: A780

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnaba V, Watts C, de Boer M, Lane P, Lanzavecchia A (1994) Professional presentation of antigen by activated human T cells. Eur J Immunol 24: 71–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernot A, Auffray C (1991) Primary structure and ontogeny of an avian CD3 transcript. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2550–2554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneville M, Ishida I, Mombaerts P, Katsuki M, Verbeek S, Berns A, Tonegawa S (1989) Blockade of aß T cell development by TCR yS transgenes. Nature 342: 931–932

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bougueleret L, Claverie J-M (1987) Variability analysis of the human and mouse T-cell receptor ß chains. Immunogenetics 26: 304–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bucy RP, Chen CH, Cihak J, Lösch U, Cooper MD (1988) Avian T cells expressing yS receptors localize in the splenic sinusoids and the intestinal epithelium. J Immunol 141: 2200–2205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bucy RP, Coltey M, Chen CH, Char D, Le Douarin NM, Cooper MD (1989) Cytoplasmic CD3* surface CD8* lymphocytes develop as a thymus-independent lineage in chick-quail chimeras. Eur J Immunol 19: 1449–1445

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bucy RP, Chen CH, Cooper MD (1990) Ontogeny of T cell receptors in the chicken thymus. J Immunol 144: 1161–1168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnet FM (1957) A modification of Jerne’s theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection. Aust J Sci 20: 67–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson LM, Oettinger MA, Schatz DG, Masteller EL, Hurley EA, McCormack WT, Baltimore D, Thompson CB (1991) Selecive expression of RAG-2 in chicken B cells undergoing immunoglobulin gene conversion. Cell 64: 201–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan MM, Chen CH, Ager LL, Cooper MD (1988) Identification of the avian homologues of mammalian CD4 and CD8 antigens. J Immunol 140: 2133–2138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Char D, Sanchez P, Chen CH, Bucy RP, Cooper MD (1990) A third sublineage of avian T cells can be identified with a T cell receptor-3-specific antibody. J Immunol 145: 3547–3555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Ager LL, Gartland GL, Cooper MD (1986) Identification of a T3/T cell receptor complex in chickens. J Exp Med 164: 375–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Cihak J, Lösch U, Cooper MD (1988) Differential expression of two T cell receptors, TCR 1 and TCR2, on chicken lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 18: 539–543

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Sowder JT, Lahti JM, Cihak J, Lösch U, Cooper MD (1989) TCR3: A third T-cell receptor in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2351–2355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Bucy RP, Cooper MD (1990) T cell differentiation in birds. Sem Immunol 2: 79–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Pickel JM, Lahti JM, Cooper MD (1991) Surface markers on avian immune cells. In: Sharma JM (ed) Avian cellular immunology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen CH, Göbel TVVF, Kubota T, Cooper MD (1994) T cell development in the chicken. Poultry Sci 73: 1012–1018

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chien Y-H, Davis MM (1993) How aß T-cell receptors ‘see’ peptide/MHC complexes. Immunol Today 14: 597–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cihak J, Hoffmann-Fezer G, Ziegler-Heitbrock HWL, Stein H, Kaspers B, Chen CH, Cooper MD, Lösch U (1991) T cells expressing the Vß1 T-cell receptor are required for IgA production in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 10951–10955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cihak J, Lösch U, Hoffmann-Fezer G, Chen CH, Cooper MD, Ziegler-Heitbrock HWL (1993) In vivo depletion of chicken T-cell subsets. Scand J Immunol 38: 123–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coltey M, Bucy RP, Chen CH, Cihak J, Lösch U, Char D, Le Douarin NM, Cooper MD (1989) Analysis of the first two waves of thymus homing stem cells and their T cell progeny in chick quail chimeras. J Exp Med 170: 543–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper MD, Chen CH (1993) Avian T cell development and the y6-aß T cell connection. In: Proceedings of the Xth World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress, Sydney, pp 27–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper MD, Peterson DA, Good RA (1965) Delineation of the thymic and bursal lymphoid systems in the chicken. Nature 205: 143–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper MD, Chen CH, Bucy RP, Thompson CB (1991) Avian T cell ontogeny. Adv Immunol 50: 87–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis MM, Bjorkman PJ (1988) T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Nature 334: 395–401

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Vilartay J-P, Lewis D, Hockett R, Waldmann TA, Korsmeyer SJ, Cohen DJ (1987) Deletional rearrangement in the human T-Cell receptor a-chain locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 8608–8612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Villartay J-P, Hockett RD, Coran D, Korsmeyer SJ, Cohen DI (1988) Deletion of the human T-cell receptor a-gene by a site-specific recombination. Nature 335: 170–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunon D, Cooper MD, Imhof BA (1993a) Thymic origin and migration patterns of intestinal γδ T cells. J Exp Med 177: 257–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunon D, Cooper MD, Imhof BA (1993b) Migration patterns of thymus-derived yS T cells during chicken development. Eur J Immunol 23: 2545–2550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunon D, Schwager J, Dangy J-P, Cooper MD, Imhof BA (1994) T cell migration during development: homing is not related to TCR V31 repertoire selection. EMBO J 13: 808–815

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunon D, Schwager J, Dangy J-P, Imhof BA (1995) Ontogeny of TCR Vß1 expression revealed novel invariant alternative transcripts. J Immunol 154: 1256–1264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewert DL, Munchus MS, Chen CH, Cooper MD (1984) Analysis of structural properties and cellular distribution of avian la antigen by using monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants. J Immunol 132: 2524–2530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson SE, Accavitti MA, Wang DD, Chen CH, Thompson CB (1994) Regulation of RAG-2 protein expression in avian thymocytes. Mol Cell Biol 14: 7298–7305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto S, Yamagishi H (1987) Isolation of an excision product of T-cell receptor a-chain gene rearrangements. Nature 327: 242–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genevée C, Chung V, Diu A, Hercend T, Triebel F (1994) TCR gene segments from at least one third of Va subfamilies rearrange at the a locus. Mol Immunol 31: 109–115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Göbel TWF, Chen CH, Lahti JM, Kubota T, Kuo CL, Aebersold R, Hood L, Cooper MD (1994a) Identification of T-cell receptor TCRa-chain genes in the chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 1094–1098

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Göbel TWF, Chen CH, Schrimpf J, Grossi CE, Bernot A, Bucy RP, Auffray C, Cooper MD (1994b) Characterization of avian NK cells and their intracellular CD3 protein complex. Eur J Immunol 24: 1685–1691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guy-Grand D, Cerf-Bensussan N, Malissen B, Malassis-Seris B, Briottet C, Vassalli P (1991) Two gut intraepithelial CDB’ lymphocyte populations with different T cell receptors: a role for the gut epithelium in T cell differentiation. J Exp Med 173: 471–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guy-Grand D, Vanden Broecke C, Briottet C, Malassis-Seris M, Selz F, Vassalli P (1992) Different expression of the recombination activity gene RAG-1 in various populations of thymocytes, peripheral T cells and gut thymus-independent intraepithelial lymphocytes suggests two pathways of T cell receptor rearrangement. Eur J Immunol 22: 505–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas W, Pereira P, Tonegawa S (1993) Gamma/delta cells. Annu Rev Immunol 11: 637–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hein WR, Dudler L (1993) Divergent evolution of T cell repertoires: extensive diversity and developmentally regulated expression of the sheep yS T cell receptor. EMBO J 12: 715–724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hein WR, Dudler L, Morris B (1990) Differential peripheral expansion and in vivo antigen reactivity of α/β and y/5 T cells emigrating from the early fetal lamb thymus. Eur J Immunol 20: 1805–1813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikehara S, Shimuzu J, Yasumizu R, Nakamura T, Inaba M, Inoue S, Oyaizu N, Sugiura K, Oo MM, Hamashima Y, Good RA (1987) Thymic rudiments are responsible for induction of functional T cells in nu/nu mice. Thymus 10: 193–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasahara Y, Chen CH, Cooper MD (1993) Growth requirements for avian yS T cells include exogenous cytokines, receptor ligation and in vivo priming. Eur J Immunol 23: 2230–2236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade PW, Cooper MD (1973) Immunoglobulin A: site and sequence of expression in developing chicks. Science 179: 398–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kincade PW, Lawton AR, Bockman DE, Cooper MD (1970) Suppression of immunoglobulin G synthesis as a result of antibody-mediated suppression of immunoglobulin M synthesis in chickens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67: 1918–1925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koop BF, Hood L (1994) Striking sequence similarity over almost 100 kilobases of human and mouse T-cell receptor DNA. Nature Genet 7: 48–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korngold R, Sprent J (1991) Graft-versus-host disease in experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 197: 12–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota T, Chen CH, Hockett R, Göbel TWF, Cooper MD (1995) Conservation of the T cell receptor a/8 locus in chickens. FASEB J 9: 4736

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahti JM, Chen CH, Tjoelker LW, Pickel JM, Schat KA, Calnek BW, Thompson CB, Cooper MD (1991) Two distinct aß T-cell lineages can be distinguished by the differential usage of T-cell receptor Vß gene segments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 10956–10960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Douarin NM (1978) Ontogeny of hematopoietic organs studied in avian embryo interspecies chimeras. In: Clarkson B, Marks PA, Till JE (eds) Differentiation of normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp 5–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefrançois L, Puddington L (1995) Extrathymic intestinal T-cell development: virtual reality? Immunol Today 16: 16–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin T, Matsuzaki G, Kenai H, Nakamura T, Nomoto K (1994) Thymus influences the development of extrathymically derived intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 23: 1968–1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mak TW (1993) The T-cell antigen receptor enters its second decade. Scand J Immunol 38: 209–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino Y, Yamagata M, Sasho T, Adachi Y, Kanno R, Koseki H, Kanno M, Taniguchi M (1993) Extrathymic development of Va 14-positive T cells. J Exp Med 177: 1399–1408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matis LA, Sorger SB, McElligott DL, Fink PJ, Hedrick SM (1987) The molecular basis of alloreactivity in antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell clones. Cell 51: 59–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCormack WT, Tjoelker LW, Carlson LM, Petryniak B, Barth CF, Humphries EH, Thompson CB (1989a) Chicken IgL gene rearrangement involves deletion of a circular episome and addition of single nonrandom nucleotides to both coding segments. Cell 56: 785–791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCormack WT, Tjoelker LW, Barath CV, Carlson LM, Petryniak B, Humphries EH, Thompson CB (1989b) Selection for B cells with productive IgL gene arrangements occurs in the bursa of Fabricius during the chicken embryonic development. Genes Dev 3: 838–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCormack WT, Tjoelker LW, Stella G. Postema CB, Thompson CB (1991) Chicken T-cell receptor f3- chain diversity: An evolutionarily conserved Dß-encoded glycine turn within the hypervariable CDR3 domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7699–7703

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore MAS, Owen JJT (1965) Chromosome marker studies on the development of the haemopoieitic system in the chick embryo. Nature 208: 959–990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oettinger MA, Schatz DG, Gorka C, Baltimore D (1990) RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination. Science 22: 1517–1523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okazaki K, Davis DD, Sakano H (1987) T cell receptor ß gene sequences in the circular DNA of thymocyte nuclei: direct evidence for intramolecular DNA deletion in V-D-J joining. Cell 49: 477–485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickel JM, McCormack WT, Chen CH, Cooper MD, Thompson CB (1993) Differential regulation of V(D)J recombination during development of avian B and T cells. Int Immunol 5: 919–927

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poussier P, Julius M (1994) Thymus independent T cell development and selection in the intestinal epithelium. Anna Rev Immunol 12: 521–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rast JP, Litman GW (1994) T cell receptor gene homologs are present in the most primitive jawed vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9248–9252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raulet Dh (1989) The structure, function, and molecular genetics of the yS T cell receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 7: 175–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raulet DH (1994) How yS T cells make a living. Curr Biol 4: 246–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud C-A, Anquez V, Dahan A, WAeill J-C (1987) A hyperconversion mechanism generates the chicken light chain preimmune repertoire. Cell 48: 379–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocha B, Vassalli P, Guy-Grand D (1992) The extrathymic T-cell development pathway. Immunol Today 13: 449–454

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schatz DG, Oettinger MA, Baltimore D (1989) The V(DIJ recombination activating gene, RAG-1. Cell 59: 1035–1048

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer M, Wu TT, Kabat EA (1986) Subgroups of variable region genes of ß chains of T-cell receptors for antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 4461–4463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman LA, Chattopadhyay S (1993) The molecular basis of allorecognition. Annu Rev Immunol 11: 385–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen M (1985) Graft-versus-host reactions: the history that never was, and the way things happened to happen. Immunol Rev 88: 5–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen M (1990) Alloreactive T cells. Scand J Immunol 32: 565–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Six A, Rast JP, Li Y, Cooper MD, Chen CH, Litman GW (1995) Identification of the chicken T-cell receptor yS genes. FASEB J 9: 47–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowder JT, Chen CH, Ager LL, Chan MM, Cooper MD (1988) A large subpopulation of avian T cells express a homologue of the mammalian T 7/8 receptor. J Exp Med 167: 315–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storb R, Thomas ED (1983) Allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. Immunol Rev 71: 77–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeushi N, Ishiguro N, Shinigawa M (1992) Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of bovine T-cell receptor y and S chain genes. Immunogenetics 35: 89–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Thome M, Saalmuller A, Pfaff E (1993) Molecular cloning of porcine T cell receptor a, 13, y and S chains using polymerase chain reaction fragments of the constant regions. Eur J Immunol 23: 1005–1010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson CB, Neiman PE (1987) Somatic diversification of the chicken immunoglobulin light chain gene is limited to the rearranged variable gene segment. Cell 48: 369–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjoelker LW, Carlson LM, Lee K, Lahti J, McCormack WT, Leiden JM, Chen CH, Cooper MD, Thompson CB (1990) Evolutionary conservation of antigen recognition: the chicken T-cell receptor ß chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 7856–7860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tregaskes CA, Kong F, Paramithiotis E, Chen CH, Ratcliffe MJH, Davison TF, Young JR (1995) Identification and analysis of the expression of CDBap and CD8aa isoforms in chickens reveals a major TCRy6 CD8a13 subset of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. J Immunol 154: 4485–4494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji S, Illges H, Kubota T, Char D, Bucy P, Simonsen M, Chen CH, Cooper MD (1995) Donor ap T cell clones recruit host yS T cells in acute GvH reactions. 9th international congress of immunology 1995, p 251, abstr 1486

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Harst D, Brand A, van Luxemburg SAP, Kooij-Winkelaar YMC, Zwaan FE, Koning F (1991) Selective outgrowth of CD45R0’.Vy9′/82′ V-cell receptor VS T cells early after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 78: 1875–1881

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vilmer E, Triebel F, David V, Rabian C, Schumpp M, Leca G, Degos L, Hercend T, Sigaux F, Bensussan A (1988) Prominent expansion of circulating lymphocytes bearing y8 T-cell receptor with preferential expression of variable y genes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 72: 841–849

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weill JC, Reynaud C-A, Lassila O, Pink JRL (1986) Rearrangement of chicken immunoglobulin genes is not an ongoing process in the embryonic bursa of Fabricius. Proc Natl Acad USA 83: 3336–3340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 378 Wallace Tumor Institute, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3300, USA

    C. H. Chen, T. Kubota, S. Tsuji, F.-K. Kong, T. W. F. Göbel & M. D. Cooper

  2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 378 Wallace Tumor Institute, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3300, USA

    A. Six & M. D. Cooper

  3. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, 305, Japan

    T. Kubota

  4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan

    S. Tsuji

  5. Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4005, Basel, Switzerland

    T. W. F. Göbel

Authors
  1. C. H. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Six
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Kubota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Tsuji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. F.-K. Kong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. T. W. F. Göbel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. D. Cooper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstr. 487, 4005, Basel, Switzerland

    Olli Vainio M.D.  & Beat A. Imhof Ph.D.  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chen, C.H. et al. (1996). T Cell Receptors and T Cell Development. In: Vainio, O., Imhof, B.A. (eds) Immunology and Developmental Biology of the Chicken. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 212. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80057-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80057-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80059-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80057-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation