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Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases

  • Conference paper
Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((YEARBOOK,volume 1996))

Abstract

Infectious and inflammatory diseases are characterized by local generation of inflammatory mediators, and recruitment of inflammatory cells from the circulation into local tissues. These processes are tightly regulated by the cytokines that are produced by lymphocytes and macrophages. Cytokines induce a wide range of secondary mediators, including other cytokines, and interact with various cells in an endocrine, paracrine or autocrine manner. The inflammatory processes that result from infectious and non-infectious stimuli are usually initially related to the severity of the pro-inflammatory stimulus, but at later stages may become dependent on the balance of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Defects in the control of inflammation in part explain the observation that relatively minor injury may cause extensive tissue damage, such as may occur in sepsis and certain autoimmune diseases, and the regulation of cytokine production may be a key factor in the perpetuation of inflammation. The transcription rate of most cytokine genes is strictly regulated, and the production of some cytokines is additionally restricted by translational- and posttranslational control mechanisms. In recent years it has become apparent that cytokine genes are polymorphic, and the presence of certain alleles may correlate with enhanced or reduced cytokine production. Although it has been demonstrated that in some instances such a relationship was directly caused by altered binding of DNA-binding proteins (transcription factors) that regulate transcription, in many cases the precise connection of cytokine gene polymorphisms with the production of specific cytokines on the one hand, and disease severity on the other hand remains uncertain.

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Authors
  1. P. Stokkers
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  2. L. Camoglio
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  3. S. J. H. van Deventer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent (Clinical Director) (Clinical Director)

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Stokkers, P., Camoglio, L., van Deventer, S.J.H. (1996). Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 1996. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80053-5_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80053-5_7

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