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New Perspectives in Molecular and Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Tumors pp 163–192Cite as

Basis and Consequences of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Gastrointestinal Tumors

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Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 142))

Abstract

Carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) are among the most common malignancies with regard to their incidence and mortality. Nutritional factors play an important role in the tumor development. The strength of their influence varies with the localization in the GI tract. Epidemiological studies focusing on GI cancer incidence or mortality as an endpoint necessitate large numbers of subjects to achieve significant results. Generally, a low energy and fat intake and a high intake of antioxidative vitamins (vitamin C, E, β-carotene) and secondary plant metabolites (especially polyphenols) appear to be protective in GI carcinogenesis. Moderate drinking of alcohol and increased consumption of whole grain products, as opposed to highly refined carbohydrates, may help to reduce the risk of colon cancer. The recommended type of diet is low in fat, especially in saturated fatty acids, includes monounsaturated fatty acids, and includes moderate amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (no more than 10% of calories). Moderate consumption of salt and of highly salted, smoked, and barbecued foods should be encouraged. Obesity should be avoided by trying to match energy intake with expenditure while increasing physical activity levels. The mechanisms by which nutritional factors act especially on molecular events still remain to be examined. The use of molecular biomarkers will help us better understand cancer development as well as the role and significance of nutritional factors in this process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Nutritional Behavior, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Bergholz-Rehbruecke, Germany

    P. Goldin-Lang & H. J. F. Zunft

  2. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany

    E.-D. Kreuser

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  1. P. Goldin-Lang
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  2. E.-D. Kreuser
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  3. H. J. F. Zunft
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Humanmedizin, Univ.-Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany

    Ernst-D. Kreuser

  2. Robert-Rössle Klinik am Max-Delbrück-Centrum, Humboldt-Universität, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13122, Berlin, Germany

    P. M. Schlag

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Goldin-Lang, P., Kreuser, ED., Zunft, H.J.F. (1996). Basis and Consequences of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Gastrointestinal Tumors. In: Kreuser, ED., Schlag, P.M. (eds) New Perspectives in Molecular and Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Tumors. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 142. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80035-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80035-1_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80037-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80035-1

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