Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The EU Facing Economic Opening-Up in Eastern Europe: Problems, Issues and Policy Options

  • Conference paper
European Economic Integration as a Challenge to Industry and Government

Abstract

In 1990–92 Europe witnessed thorough changes in the European Community as well as in the ex-CMEA area. The EU created the single market at the end of 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was signed and the European Economic Area (EEA) formed, with the EFTA countries envisaged to start by the end of the following year; in effect, the EEA was delayed by one year. Switzerland’s referendum on membership in the EEA was negative, so that EC membership apparently is not an interesting option for all European countries. However, Austria’s clear positive EU referendum of 1994 and the enlargement talks with Scandinavian countries in the same year, as well as the membership applications of Poland and Hungary, point to the continued attractiveness of the EU club. Fear of unstable and radical developments in the CIS encouraged Poland and Hungary to apply for membership. The successful conclusion of the Uruguay-GATT round gave Europe a stable framework for progressive liberalization of East-West trade, while fears of a Fortress Europe turned out to not be justified in the short-term.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bairoch, P. (1976), Europe’s Gross National Product, 1800–1975, Journal of European Economic History, Vol. 5, 273–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balcerowicz, L. and Welfens, P.J.J., Ed. (1988), Innovationsdynamik im Systemvergleich, Heidelberg: Physica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, R. (1992), An Eastern Enlargement of EFTA: Why the East Europeans Should Join and the EFTANS Should Want Them, CPER Occasional Paper No. 10, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, R. (1994), Towards an Integrated Europe, London: CEPR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, R. et al. (1992), Is Bigger Better? The Economics of EC Enlargement?, London: CEPR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentoula, S. and Blanchard, O.J. (1990), Spanish Unemployment, in: Economic Policy, No. 10, 233–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bofinger, P. and Gros, D. (1992), A Post-Soviet Payments Union: Why and How, in: Flemming, J. and Rolle, J.M.C., eds., 11–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brams, S.J. and Affuso, P.J. (1985), New Paradoxes of Voting Power on the EC Council of Ministers, Electoral Studies 4/August, 135–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. and Haas-Wilson, D. (1990), Centrally Planned Economy Vulnerability to Antidumping Protection, Comparative Economic Studies, Vol. 32, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, S.M. and Rodrik, D. (1991), Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the World Economy, Institute for International Economics, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwick, S. and Nguyen, D. (1989), OECD Comparative Economic Growth 1950–85: Catch-up and Convergence, American Economic Review, Vol. 79, No. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • DB (Deutsche Bank, 1994 ), Osteuropa: Vier Jahre Reformen: Frankfurt/M.: Deutsche Bank Reserach

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterly, W. and Pritchett, L. (1993), The Determinants of Economic Success, Finance and Development, 38–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • EFTA (1992), EFTA Annual Report 1991, Genf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flemming, J. and Rollo, J.M.C., Trade, Payments and Adjustment in Central and Eastern Europe, London: EBRD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatt (1992), International Trade 1991, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grassman, S. (1980), Long-term Trend in Openness of National Economies, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 32 (1980), 123–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graziani, G. (1992), Export Specialization for Central-Eastern Europe and EC Trade Opening, paper presented at 2nd EACES conference: Problems of Transforming Economies, Groningen, September 24–26, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, C.B. and Winters, L.A. (1992), Opening-up International Trade with Eastern Europe, Economic Policy, No. 14, 77–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, C.B. and Winters, L.A. (1992), Opening-up International Trade with Eastern Europe, Economic Policy, No. 14, 77–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartwig, H. and Thieme, H.J., eds. (1992), Transformationsprozesse in sozialistischen Wirtschaftssystemen, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartwig, H. and Welfens, P.J.J. (1994), EG-Osteuropa, in: Klemmer, P., ed., Kompendium der Europäischen Gemeinschaft, München: Vahlen, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, R. (1994), Der Außenhandel zwischen der Europäischen Union und Ostmitteleuropa, forthcoming in: LIST Forum zur Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftspolitik.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunya, G. et al. (1994), Central and Eastern Europe: Uneven Recovery, Research Paper No. 204, Wien: WIIW.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMF (1994), World Economic Outlook, May 1994, Washington DC, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inotai, A. (1991), Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment, in: KÖves, A. and Marer, P., eds., Foreign Economic Liberalization, 99 - 112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinski, P. and Welfens, P.J.J. (1994), Privatization and Foreign Direct Investement in Transforming Economies, Aldershot: Dartmouth (in print).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jochimsen, R. (1994), Perspektiven der europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion, Köln: Bund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenen, P.B. (1991), Transitional Arrangements for Trade and Payments Among the CMEA Countries, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 38, 235–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenwood, A.G. and Lougheed, A.L. (1971), The Growth of the International Economy 1820-1960, London: Allend & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klodt (1992), Technology-Based Trade and Multinationals’ Investment in europe: Structural Change and Competition in Schumpeterian Goods, in: Klein, M. and Welfens, P.J.J., eds., Multinationals in the New Europe and Global Trade, New York and Heidelberg: Springer,.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klodt, H. (1993), Perspektiven des Ost-West-Handels: Die komparativen Vorteile der mittel- und osteuropäischen Reformländer, Die Weltwirtschaft, 424–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Köves, A. and Marer, P., Ed., Foreign Economic Liberalization, Transformations in Socialist and Market Economies, Boulder, Co.: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, A.O. (1990), Asian Trade and Growth Lessons, American Economic Review, P&P, Vol. 80, 108–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, A.O. (1990), Asian Trade and Growth Lessons, American Economic Review, P&P, Vol. 80, 108–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larre, B. and Torres, R. (1991), Is Convergence a Spontaneous Process? The Experience of Spain, Portugal and Greece, in: OECD Economic Studies, No. 16, 169–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, A.; Scitcivsky, T. and Scott, M. (1970), Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries, London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E., Jr. (1990), Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries, American Economic Review, P&P, Vol. 80, 92–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mardas, D. (1992), Intra-Industry Trade in Manufactured Products Between the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Eastern European Countries, Brussels, mimeo, forthcoming in Journal of World Trade.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marer, P. and Zecchini, S. (1991), The Transition to a Market Economy, Vols. 1/2, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1992), Reforming the Economics of Central and Eastern Europe, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1994a), Integrating Emerging Market Economies into the International Trading System, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1994b), The OECD Jobs Study, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padoan, P.C. and Pericoli, M. (1992), Single Market, EMU and WIDENING. Responses to Three Institutional Shocks in the European Community, paper presented at 2nd EACES conference: Problems of Transforming Economies, Groningen, September 24–26, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou, D., Choski, A.M. and Michaely, M. (1990), Liberalizing Foreign Trade in Developing Countries, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petzold, L. (1994), Binnenwirtschaftliche Probleme der Systemtransformation in Rußland, Universität Münster, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sala-I-Martin, X. and Sachs, J. (1992), Fiscal Federalism and Optimum Currency Areas: Evidence for Europe from the United States, in: Canzoneri, M.B., Grilli, V. and Masson, P.R., eds., Establishing a Central Bank: Issues in Europe and Lessons from the US, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 195–227.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Santaella, J.A. (1993), Stabilization Programs and External Enforcement, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 40, 584–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapir, A. (1991), The Geographical Composition of Exports from Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, internal paper, EC Commission, August 6, 1991, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schipke, A. and Talyor, A.M., eds. (1994), The Economics of Transformation, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siebert, H., ed. (1993), Overcoming the Transformation Crisis, Tübingen: Mohr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sziraczki, G. (1990), Employment Policy and Labor Market in Transition: From Labour Shortage to Unemployment, Soviet Studies, Vol. 42, 701–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichy, G. (1992), Theoretical and Empirical Considerations on the Dimension of an Optimum Integration Area in Europe, Aussenwirtschaft, Vol. 47, 107–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tovias, A. (1991), EC-Eastern Europa: A Case Study of Hungary, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 39, 291–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, M.J. and Welfens, P.J.J. (1993), Environmental Cleaning-up in Systemic Transforation: Costs, Investment Effects and Policy Options, paper presented at the International Workshop on Environmental Management in a Transition to Market Economy: A Challenge to Government and Business, Università de Genève, Jan. 6–8, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1990), Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe: Problems, Options and Opportunities, Testimony before the US Senate, Hearing before Committee on Small Business, Washington, D.C., March 23, revised version in: Intereconomics, 1991/5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1992a) Market-oriented Systemic Transformations in Eastern Europe. Problems, Theoretical Issues and Policy Options, New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1993) Osterweiterung der EG: Anpassungserfordernisse, Konvergenzprobleme und ordnungspolitischer Reformbedarf in Europa, in: Gröner, H. und Schüller, A., Ed., Die europäische Integration als ordnungspolitische Aufgabe, Stuttgart: Fischer: 517–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1994) The Single Market and the Eastern Enlargement Management of the EC, New York, forthcomming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1994b) Telecommunications in Systemic Transformation, paper presented at the Regulatory Policy Research Institute, Oxford University, ACE project, April 16, 1993, Münster, mimeo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1994c), Full Employment and Economic Growth in the European Union, Diskussionsbeitrag der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, No. 201, Universität Münster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. (1994d) Privatization and Foreign Direct Investment, in: Siebert, H., ed., Overcoming the Transformation Crisis, Tübingen: Mohr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J. and Graack, C. (1994), Telecommunications in Western Europe: Liberalization, Technological Dynamics and Regulatory Developments, ACE project paper, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J., ed. (1994a), European Monetary Integration, 2nd rev. and enlarged edition, New York and Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welfens, P.J.J., ed. (1994e), Economic Aspects of German Unification, 2nd rev. and enlarged edition, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J., ed. (1991), Currency Convertibility in Eastern Europe, Washington D.C.,: Institute for International Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, H.C. (1994), The Economics of Disintegration in the Former Soviet Union, in: Schipke, A. and Taylor, A.M., eds., 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1991), World Development Report, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1994), World Development Report 1994, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Paul J. J. Welfens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, University of Münster, Hüfferstraße 1a, D-48149, Münster, Germany

    Richard Tilly

  2. Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät Lehrstuhl Wirtschaftspolitik/Internationale Beziehungen, University of Potsdam, August-Bebel-Str. 89, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany

    Paul J. J. Welfens

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Welfens, P.J.J. (1996). The EU Facing Economic Opening-Up in Eastern Europe: Problems, Issues and Policy Options. In: Tilly, R., Welfens, P.J.J. (eds) European Economic Integration as a Challenge to Industry and Government. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80014-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80014-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80016-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80014-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation