Abstract
The Drosophila genome has many families of transposable elements; some of them have been studied in detail, and others are known only superficially (Berg and Howe 1989). Particular attention has been given to the P family (reviewed by Engels 1989), which has been the subject of intensive research for nearly two decades. There are two reasons for this special interest. First, the population biology and recent evolutionary history of P elements suggest a remarkable scenario of horizontal transfer from another species into D. melanogaster, followed by rapid spread through the global population. Second, a wide array of technical applications have made P elements an indispensable tool for manipulating the Drosophila genome.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anxolabéhère D, Périquet G (1987) P-homologous sequences in Diptera are not restricted to the Drosophilidae family. Genet Iber 39: 211–222
Anxolabéhére D, Kai H, Nouaud D, Périquet G, Ronsseray S (1984) The geographical distribution of P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Sel Evol 16: 15–26
Anxolabéhère D, Nouaud D, Périquet G (1985a) Sequences homologues à I’ élément P chez des espèces de Drosophila du groupe obscura et chez Scaptomyza pallida (Drosophillidae). Genet Sel Evol 17: 579–584
Anxolabéhère D, Nouaud D, Périquet G, Tchen P (1985b) P-element distribution in Eurasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster: a genetic and molecular analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5418–5422
Anxolabéhére D, Kidwell MG, Périquet G (1988) Molecular characteristics of diverse populations are consistent with a recent invasion of Drosophila melanogaster by mobile P-elements. Mol Biol Evol 5(3): 252–269
Ashburner M (1989a) Drosophila, a laboratory handbook. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Ashburner M (1989b) Drosophila, a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Ballinger DG, Benzer S (1989) Targeted gene mutations in Drosophila. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 86: 9402–9406
Banga SS, Boyd JB (1992) Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1735–1739
Banga SS, Velazquez A, Boyd JB (1991) P transposition inDrosophila provides a new tool for analyzing postreplication repair and double-strand break repair. Mutat Res 255: 79–88
Berg CA, Spradling AC (1991) Studies on the rate and site-specificity of P-element transposition. Genetics 127: 515–524
Berg DE, Howe MM (1989) Mobile DNA. American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC
Bingham PM, Kidwell MG, Rubin GM (1982) The molecular basis of P-M hybrid dysgenesis: the role of the P-element, a P strain-specific transposon family. Cell 29: 995–1004
Black DM, Jackson MS, Kidwell MG, Dover GA (1987) KP elements repress P-induced hybrid dysgenesis in D. melariogaster. EMBO J 6: 4125–4135
Boussy IA, Healy MJ, Oakeshott JG, Kidwell MG (1988) Molecular analysis of the P-M gonadal dysgenesis cline in eastern Australian Drosophila melariogaster. Genetics 119: 889–902
Brand AH, Perrimon N (1993) Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. Development 118:401–415
Brookfield J (1991) Models of repression of transposition in P-M hybrid dysgenesis by P cytotype and by zygotically encoded repressor proteins. Genetics 128: 471–486
Chain AC, Zollman S, Tseng JC, Laski FA (1991) Identification of a cis-acting sequence required for germ line specific splicing of theP-element ORF2-ORF3 intron. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1538–1546
Charlesworth B, Langley CH (1989) The population genetics of Drosophila transposable elements. Annu Rev Genet 23: 251–287
Clark JB, Maddison WP, Kidwell MG (1994) Phylogenetic analysis supports horizontal transfer of P transposable elements. Mol Biol Evol 11: 40–50
Coen D (1990) P-element regulatory products enhance zeste1 repression of a P[Whiteduplicaied] transgene in Drosophila melariogaster. Genetics 126: 949–960
Cooley L, Kelley R, Spradling A (1988) Insertional mutagenesis of the Drosophila genome with single P elements. Science 239:1121–1128
Daniels S, Peterson K, Strausbaugh L, Kidwell M, Chovnick A (1990) Evidence for horizontal transmission of the P transposable element between Drosophila species. Genetics 124: 339–355
Daniels SB, Chovnick A (1993) P-element transposition in Drosophila melariogaster. an analysis of sister-chromatid pairs and the formation of intragenic secondary insertions during meiosis. Genetics 133: 623–636
Eggleston WB (1990) P-element transposition and excision in Drosophila: interactions between elements. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin
Engels WR (1979a) The estimation of mutation rates when premeiotic events are involved. Environ Mutag 1:37–43
Engels WR (1979b) Extrachromosomal control of mutability in Drosophila melariogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4011–4015
Engels WR (1979c) Germline aberrations associated with a case of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melariogaster males. Genet Res Camb 33: 137–146
Engels WR (1979d) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melariogaster: rules of inheritance of female sterility. Genet Res Camb 33: 219–236
Engels WR (1981) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila and the stochastic loss hypothesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 45: 561–565
Engels WR (1989) P elements in Drosophila. In: Berg D, Howe M (eds) P elements in Drosophila, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC, pp 437–484
Engels WR (1992) The origin of P elements in Drosophila melariogaster. Bio essays 14: 681–686
Engels WR, Preston CR (1979) hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melariogaster. the biology of male and female sterility. Genetics 92: 161–175
Engels WR, Preston CR (1981) Identifying P factors in Drosophila by means of chromosome breakage hotspots. Cell 26: 421–428
Engels WR, Preston CR (1984) Formation of chromosome rearrangements by P factors in Drosophila. Genetics 107: 657–678
Engels WR, Benz WK, Preston CR, Graham PL, Phillis RW, Robertson HM (1987) Somatic effects of P-element activity in Drosophila melariogaster. Pupal lethality. Genetics 117: 745–757
Engels WR, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Eggleston WB, Sved J (1990) High-frequency P-element loss in Drosophila is homolog-dependent. Cell 62: 515–525
Engels WR, Preston CR, Johnson-Schlitz DM (1994) Long-rangecis preference in DNA homology search extending over the length of aDrosophila chromosome. Science 263: 1623–1625
Gloor GB, Nassif NA, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Preston CR, Engels WR (1991) Targeted gene replacement in Drosophila yia P-element-induced gap repair. Science 253: 1110–1117
Gloor GB, Preston CR, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Nassif NA, Phillis RW, Benz WK, Robertson HM, Engels WR (1993) Type I repressors of P-element mobility. Genetics 135: 81–95
Golic K, Lindquist S (1989) The FLP recombinase of yeast catalyzes site-specific recombination in the Drosophila genome. Cell 59: 499–509
Golic KG (1994) Local transposition of P elements in Drosophila melanogaster and recombination between duplicated elements using a siterspecific recombinase. Genetics 137: 551–563
Good AG, Meister GA, Brock HW, Grigliatti TA, Hickey DA (1989) Rapid spread of transposable P elements in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 122:387–396
Green MM (1977) Genetic instability in Drosophila melanogaster: de novo induction of putative insertion mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 3490–3493
Haenlin M, Steiler H, Pirrotta V, Mohier E (1985) A 43 kilobase cosmid P transposon rescues the fs(1)KW morphogenetic locus and three adjacent Drosophila developmental mutants. Cell 40: 827–837
Hagemann S, Miller WJ, Pinsker W (1994) Two distinct P-element subfamilies in the genome of Drosophila bifasciata. Mol Gen Genet 244:168–175
Handler AM, Gomez SP, O’Brochta DA (1993) Negative regulation of P-element excision by the somatic product and terminal sequences of P inDrosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 237: 145–151
Hartenstein V, Jan Y-N (1992) Studying Drosophila embryogenesis with PlacZ enhancer trap lines. Rouxxs Arch Dev Biol 201: 194–220
Higuet D, Anxolabéhère D, Nouaud D (1992) A particular P-element insertion is correlated to the P- induced hybrid dysgenesis repression inDrosophila melanogaster. Genet Res Camb 60:15–24
Hiraizumi Y (1979) A new method to distinguish between meiotic and premeiotic recombinational events in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 92: 543–554
Houck MA, Clark JB, Peterson KR, Kidwell MG (1991) Possible horizontal transfer of Drosophila genes by the mite Proctolaelaps regalis. Science 253: 1125–1128
Jackson MS, Black DM, Dover GA (1988) Amplification of KP elements associated with the repression of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 120: 1003–1013
Johnson CW (1913) The distribution of some species of Drosophila. Psyche 20: 202–204
Johnson-Schlitz DM, Engels WR (1993) P-element-induced interallelic gene conversion of insertions and deletions in Drosophila. Mol Cell Biol 13: 7006–7018
Kaiser K, Goodwin S (1990) “Site-selected” transposon mutagenesis ofDrosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 1686–1690
Karess RE, Rubin GM (1984) Analysis of P transposable element functions inDrosophila. Cell 38: 135–146
Kaufman PD, Rio DC (1991) Drosophila P-element transposase is a transcriptional repressor in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2613–2617
Kaufman PD, Rio DC (1992) P-element transposition in vitro proceeds by a cut-and-paste mechanism and uses GTP as a cofactor. Cell 69: 27–39
Kaufman PD, Doll RF, Rio DC (1989)Drosophila P-element transposase recognizes internal P-element DNA sequences. Cell 59: 359–371
Kassis JA, Noll E, vanSickle EP, Odenwald WF, Perrimon N (1992) Altering the insertional specificity of a Drosophila P-element transposable element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1919–1923
Kelley MR, Kidd S, Berg RL, Young MW (1987) Restriction of P-element insertions at the Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 7:1545–1548
Kidwell MG (1979) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: The relationship between the P-M and l-R interaction systems. Genet Res Camb 33: 105–117
Kidwell MG (1983) Evolution of hybrid dysgenesis determinants in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1655–1659
Kidwell MG (1986) P-M mutagenesis, In: Roberts DB (ed) P-M mutagenesis, IRL Press, Oxford, pp 59–82
Kidwell MG (1993) Horizontal transfer of P elements and other short inverted repeat transposons. In: McDonald JF (ed) Horizontal transfer of P elements and other short inverted repeat transposons, Kluwer Academic, London
Kidwell MG, Novy JB (1979) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: sterility resulting from gonadal dysgenesis in the P-M system. Genetics 92: 1127–1140
Kidwell MG, Kidwell JF, Sved JA (1977) Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: syndrome of aberrant traits including mutation, sterility, and male recombination. Genetics 86: 813–833
Kidwell MG, Frydryk I, Novy JB (1983) The hybrid dysgenesis potential of Drosophila melanogaster strains of diverse temporal and geographical natural origins. Dros Inform Serv 59: 63–69
Kiyasu PK, Kidwell MG (1984) Hybrid dysgenesis inDrosophila melariogaster. the evolution of mixed P and M population maintainted at high temperature. Genet Res Camb 44: 251–259
Lachaise D, Cariou ML, David JR, Lemeunier F, Tsacas L, Ashburner M (1988) Historical biogeography of the Drosophila melariogaster species subgroup. Evol Biol 22: 159–225
Lansman RA, Stacey SN, Grigliatti TA, Brock HW (1985) Sequences homologous to the P mobile element of Drosophila melariogaster are widely distributed in the subgenus Sophophora. Nature 318: 561–563
Lansman RA, Shade RO, Grigliatti TA, Brock HW (1987) Evolution of P transposable elements: Sequences ofDrosophila nebulosa P-elements, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6491–6495
Laski FA, Rio DC, Rubin GM (1986) Tissue specificity of Drosophila P-element transposition is regulated at the level of mRNA splicing. Cell 44: 7–19
Lemaitre B, Coen D (1991) P regulatory products repress in vivo the P promoter activity in P-lacZ fusion genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:4419–4423
Lemaitre, B, Ronsseray S, Coen D (1993) Maternal repression of the P-element promoter in the germline of Drosophila melariogaster. a model for the P cytotype. Genetics 135:149–160
Lindsley DL, Zimm GG (1992) The Genome of Drosophila melariogaster, 1. Academic, San Diego
McDonald JF (1993) Transposable elements and evolution. Kluwer Academic, London
Meister GA, Grialiatti TA (1993) Rapid spread of a P-element/Adh gene construct through experimental populations of Drosophila melariogaster. Genome 36:1169–1175
Miller WJ, Hagemann S, Reiter E, Prinsker W (1992) P-element-homologous sequences are tandemly repeated in the genome of Drosophila guariche. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 89: 4018–4022
Misra S, Rio DC (1990) Cytotype control of Drosophila P-element transposition: the 66-kD protein is a repressor of transposase activity. Cell 62: 269–284
Misra S, Buratowski RM, Ohkawa T, Rio DC (1993) Cytotype control of Drosophila melariogaster P-element transposition: genomic position determines maternal repression. Genetics 135: 785–800
Mullins MC, Rio DC, Rubin GM (1989) Cis-acting DNA sequence requirements for P-element transposition. Genes Dev 3: 729–738
Nassif NA, Engels WR (1993) DNA homology requirements for mitotic gap repair in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 1262–1266
Nassif NA, Penney J, Pal S, Engels WR, Gloor GB (1994) Efficient copying of nonhomologous sequences from ectopic sites via P-element-induced gap repair. Mol Cell Biol 14:1613–1625
Niki Y (1986) Germline autonomous sterility of P-M dysgenic hybrids and their application to germline transfers in Drosophila melariogaster. Dev Biol 113: 255–258
Niki Y, Chigusa SI (1986) Developmental analysis of the gonadal sterility of P-M hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melariogaster. Jpn J Genet 61: 147–156
O’Brochta DA, Gomez SP, Handler AM (1991) P-element excision inDrosophila melariogaster and related drosophilids. Mol Gen Genet 225: 387–394
O’Hare K, Rubin GM (1983) Structure of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in theDrosophila melariogaster genome. Cell 34: 25–35
O’Hare K, Driver A, McGrath S, Johnson-Schlitz DM (1992) Distribution and structure of cloned P elements from the Drosophila melariogaster P strain n 2 . Genet Res Camb 60: 33–41
O’Kane CJ, Gehring WJ (1987) Detection in situ of genomic regulatory elements inDrosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 9123–9127
Ochman H, Gerber AS, Hart DL (1988) Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction. Genetics 120:621–623
Papoulas O, McCall K, Bender W (1994) Targeted gene conversion at the birthorax complex, 35th annual drosophila research conference, Chicago, p 218
Paques F, Wegnez M (1993) Deletions and amplifications of tandemly arranged ribosomal 5S genes internal to a P-element occur at a high rate in a dysgenic context. Genetics 135: 469–476
Paricio N, Perez-Alonso M, Martinez-Sebastian MJ, de Frutos R (1991) P sequences of Drosophila subobscura lack exon 3 and may encode a 66 kd repressor-like protein. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 6713–6718
Perkins HD, Howells AJ (1992) Genomic sequences with homology to the P-element of Drosophila melariogaster occur in the blowfly Lucilla cupriria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10753–10757
Pirrotta V (1988) Vectors for P-mediated transformation in Drosophila. Biotechnology 10: 437–456
Preston CR, Engels WR (1989) Spread of P transposable elements in inbred lines of Drosophila melariogaster. In: Cohn W, K Moldave (eds) Spread of P transposable elements in inbred lines of Drosophila melariogaster, (vol. 36) Academic, San Diego, pp 71–85
Rasmusson KE, Raymond JD, Simmons MJ (1993) Repression of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by individual naturally occurring P-elements. Genetics. 133: 605–622
Raymond JD, Ojala TA, White J, Simmons MJ (1991) Inheritance of P-element regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Res 57: 227–234
Rio DC (1990) Molecular mechanisms regulating Drosophila P-element transposition. Annu Rev Genet 24: 543–578
Rio DC, Rubin GM (1988) Identification and purification of a Drosophila protein that binds to the terminal 31-base-pair repeats of the P transposable element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8929–8933
Rio DC, Laski FA, Rubin GM (1986) Identification and immunochemical analysis of biologically active Drosophila P-element transposase. Cell 44: 21–32
Robertson HM (1993) The mariner tarnsposable element is widespread in insects (see comments). Nature 362: 241–245
Robertson HM, Engels WR (1989) Modified P elements that mimic the P cytotype in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 123: 815–823
Robertson HM, Preston CR, Phillis RW, Johnson-Schlitz D, Benz WK, Engels WR (1988) A stable genomic source of P-element transposase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 118: 461–470
Roiha H, Rubin GM, O’Hare K (1988) P-element insertions and rearrangements at the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 119: 75–83
Ronsseray S, Lehmann M, Anxolabéhère D (1991) The maternally inherited regulation of P elements in Drosophila melanogaster can be elicited by two P copies at cytological site 1A on the X chromosome. Genetics 129: 501–512
Ronsseray S, Lemaitre B, Coen D (1993) Maternal inheritance of P cytotype in Drosophila melanogaster. “pre- P cytotype” is strictly extra-chromosomally transmitted. Mol Gen Genet 241: 115–123
Rubin GM, Spradling AC (1982) Genetic transformation ofDrosophila with transposable element vectors. Science 218: 348–353
Rubin GM, Kidwell MG, Bingham PM (1982) The molecular basis of P-M hybrid dysgenesis: The nature of induced mutations. Cell 29: 987–994
Salz HK, Cline TW, Schedl P (1987) Functional changes associated with structural alterations induced by mobilization of a P-element inserted in the Sex-lethal gene of Drosophila. Genetics 117: 221–231
Searles LL, Jokerst RS, Bingham PM, Voelker RA, Greenleaf AL (1982) Molecular cloning of sequences from a Drosophila RNA polymerase II locus by P-element transposon tagging. Cell 31: 585–592
Sentry JW, Kaiser K (1994) Application of inverse PCR to site-selected mutagenesis of Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 3429–3430
Serano TL, Cheung HK, Frank LH, Cohen RS (1994) P-element transformation vectors for studying Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Gene 138: 181–186
Siebel CW, Rio DC (1990) Regulated splicing of the Drosophila P transposable element third intron in vitro: somatic repression. Science 248:1200–1208
Simmons MJ, Raymond JD, Johnson N, Fahey T (1984) A comparison of mutation rates for specific loci and chromosome regions in dysgenic hybrid males of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 106: 85–94
Simonelig M, Anxolabéhère D (1991) A P-element of Scaptomyza pallida is active in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6102–6106
Spicer GS (1988) Molecular evolution among some Drosophila species groups as indicated by two- dimensional electrophoresis. J Mol Evol 27: 250–260
Spradling AC (1986) P-element-mediated transformation. In: Roberts DB (ed) P-element-mediated transformation. IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 175–197
Spradling AC, Rubin GM (1982) Transposition of cloned P elements intoDrosophila germ line chromosomes. Science 218:341–347
Staveley BE, Hodgetts RB, O’Keefe SL, Bell JB (1994) Targeting of an enhancer trap to vestigial. Dev Biol 165:290–293
Sturtevant AH (1921) The North American species of Drosophila. Carnegie Institute Washington publication, vol 301
Sved JA, Eggleston WB, Engels WR (1990) Germline and somatic recombination induced by in vitro modified P elements inDrosophila melanogaster. Genetics 124:331–337
Sved JA, Blackman LM, Gilchrist AS, Engels WR (1991) High levels of recombination induced by homologous P elements Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 225: 443–447
Syvanen M (1984) The evolutionary implications of mobile genetic elements. Annu Rev Genet 18: 271–293
Takasu-lshikawa E, Yoshihara M, Hotta Y (1992) Extra sequences found at P-element excision sites in Drosophila melariogaster. Mol Gen Genet 232:17–23
Tower J, Karpen GH, Craig N, Spradling AC (1993) Preferential tarnsposition in Drosophila P elements to nearby chromosomal sites. Genetics 133: 347–359
Tseng JC, Zollman S, Chain AC, Laski FA (1991) Splicing of the Drosophila P-element ORF2-ORF3 intron is inhibited in a human cell extract. Mech Dev 35: 65–72
Tsubota S, Schedl P (1986) Hybrid dysgenesis-induced revertants of insertions at the 5’ end of the rudimentary gene in Drosophila melanogaster: transposon-induced control mutations. Genetics 114: 165–182
Tsubota S, Ashburner M, Schedl P (1985) P-element-induced control mutations at the r gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 5: 2567–2574
Wei G, Oliver B, Mahowald AP (1991) Gonadal dysgenesis reveals sexual dimorphism in the embryonic germline of Drosophila published erratum appears in Genetics (1992) 130 (1): 235] Genetics 129:203–210
Williams JA, Bell JB (1988) Molecular organization of the vestigial region in Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J 7: 1355–1363
Williams JA, Pappu SS, Bell JB (1988) Suppressive P-element alleles of the vestigial locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 212: 370–374
Xu T, Rubin GM (1993) Analysis of genetic mosaics in developing and adult Drosophila tissues. Development 117: 1223–1237
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Engels, W.R. (1996). P Elements in Drosophila . In: Saedler, H., Gierl, A. (eds) Transposable Elements. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 204. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79795-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79795-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79797-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79795-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive