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Interaktion zwischen intestinalen Epithelzellen und immunkompetenten Zellen in der Mukosa unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen

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Molekularbiologische Grundlagen der Gastroenterologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die immunologischen Reaktionen im Darm sind unter physiologischen Bedingungen durch die Induktion einer protektiven Immunantwort mit humoralen und zellulären immunologischen Effektorelementen gegen pathogene Keime bzw. Antigene sowie einer Suppression der Immunantwort gegenüber der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Nahrungsmittelantigene und der physiologischen Darmflora gekennzeichnet. Diese differenten Immunreaktionen werden entscheidend durch die Antigenpräsentation auf Antigen-präsentierenden Zellen in den Lymphfollikeln (Makrophagen, dendritische Zellen) sowie auf intestinalen Epithelzellen bestimmt. Für die Immunantwort besitzen unterschiedliche Helfer-T-Zellsubpopulationen, die eine zelluläre Immunantwort bzw. humorale Immunantwort unterstützen, eine zentrale Bedeutung. Als wesentliche Regulationsmechanismen der Induktion der Immunantwort im Darm sind in der jüngsten Zeit die molekularen Interaktionen zwischen immunkompetenten Zellen und intestinalen Epithelzellen, die durch Zelloberflächenmoleküle (MHC-Komplexe, Integrine, akzessorische Moleküle) vermittelt werden, erkannt worden. Erste Daten deuten an, daß eine überschießende, destruktive Immunantwort als Ursache für chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen durch Veränderungen dieser Epithelzell-Lymphozyten-Interaktion zu verstehen ist.

Summary

The intestinal immune system has specialized functions, which are characterized by protective production of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in responses to pathological antigens and a T cell-mediated suppression of the immune response against physiological antigens such as the intestinal microflora. The induction of an immune response requires a series of complex interactions between lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells). The immune response is mediated through the selective activation of two major CD4-positive T-cell subsets, which promote on one hand cellular effector response and on the other humoral immune response. Recently published data revealed that enterocytes can function adequately to macrophages or dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells. Unlike conventional antigen-presenting cells, epithelial cells appear to stimulate selectively suppressor T cells. In contrast, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease the antigen-depending cell-surface receptor (appropriate T-cell receptor, MHC-molecules, integrins, accessory molecules) mediated interaction between intestinal enterocytes and lymphocytes, results in activation of CD4-positive cells. These data suggest that chronic inflammatory bowel disease may be a result of a pathologic enterocyte-lymphocyte interaction, which was followed by an inappropriate increased activation of T helper-cell subsets.

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Authors
  1. A. Stallmach
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  2. G. Köhne
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  3. M. Zeitz
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chirurgische Klinik I, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland

    Hans G. Beger

  2. Abteilung Gastroenterologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Str. 8, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    Michael P. Manns

  3. I. Medizinische Universitäts-Klinik, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Heiner Greten

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© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Stallmach, A., Köhne, G., Zeitz, M. (1995). Interaktion zwischen intestinalen Epithelzellen und immunkompetenten Zellen in der Mukosa unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen. In: Beger, H.G., Manns, M.P., Greten, H. (eds) Molekularbiologische Grundlagen der Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79782-8_34

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79782-8_34

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-59325-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79782-8

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