Zusammenfassung
Die Regulation der gastrointestinalen Motilität erfolgt auf mehreren Ebenen, die hierarchisch und interagierend aufgebaut sind. Die wichtigsten Komponenten sind die glatte Muskulatur, das enterische Nervensystem, die extrinsische Innervation sowie systemische und lokale Einflüsse (Hormone, Entzündungs- und Immunmediatoren, parakrine Botenstoffe). Während die Wirkungen einzelner Hormone und Neurotransmitter auf definierte motorische Funktionen relativ gut untersucht sind, ist die Regulation komplexer motorischer Antworten, die Integration mit sekretorischen, resorptiven und immunologischen Funktionen sowie das Zusammenspiel der zahlreichen Mediatorsysteme unter den unterschiedichen physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Bedingungen weitgehend unklar. Zytokine bilden offenbar eine zusätzliche modulatorische Ebene im Rahmen der Gesamtkontrolle: Sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo üben sie starke Effekte auf motorische Funktionen sowie auf die Bildung bzw. Freisetzung von Mediatoren aus.
Summary
Gastrointestinal motility is regulated on several different levels, which are organized in a hierarchical and interactive manner. The most important components are the smooth muscle, the enteric (intrinsic) nervous system, the extrinsic innervation and systemic and local messengers (hormones, inflammatory and immunologic mediators, paracrine messengers, cytokines). Although the effects of several hormones and neurotransmitters on defined motoric functions have been studied in detail, the regulation of complex motor responses is poorly characterized. These complex motor responses include the integration of motor responses with secretory, resorptive and immunological function as well as the interaction of several mediator systems under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It seems that cytokines play an additional role in modulating the motor responses: they exert important effects on motor functions and on the synthesis and release of mediators in vitro and in vivo.
Die zitierten eigenen Studien wurden durch Stipendien der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (La 483/5-2) unterstützt.
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Layer, P., Dignass, A. (1995). Beeinflussung der Motilität des GI-Trakts. In: Beger, H.G., Manns, M.P., Greten, H. (eds) Molekularbiologische Grundlagen der Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79782-8_17
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